Advancing Focused Ion Beam Characterization for Next Generation Lithium-Ion Batteries PDF Download
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Author: Jungwoo Lee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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Book Description
Next generation lithium-ion batteries will take on a wide variety of roles to meet the increased requirements from growth in consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and utility storage for integrating intermittent renewable (solar and wind) power sources. The cost per watt-hour of commercial batteries have shown incremental improvement due to improved manufacturing design, though drastic increases in energy and power density are needed to satisfy projected demand. Solid-state electrolytes (SSE) are explored due to their potential to improve energy and power density through enabling alkali metal anodes, while mitigating safety and temperature stability concerns associated with conventional liquid electrolyte lithium-ion batteries. However, there are still significant scientific and engineering hurdles before the full potential of SSEs can be realized: primarily performance degradation from chemical and mechanical interfacial instability. We enable the use of solid-state thin film battery materials and devices as a model system for fundamental studies of bulk and interface properties because of their well-defined geometry and controlled chemical composition, eliminating any effects from polymeric binder or conductive agents. In this thesis, we explore the structural, mechanical, and electrochemical properties of thin film electrolytes amorphous lithium lanthanum titanate (a-LLTO) and lithium phosphorous oxynitride (LiPON) along with the fabrication of thin film batteries with various electrode chemistries. Using these devices we develop focused ion beam (FIB) as a technique to fabricate electrochemically active nanobatteries that enables in situ analysis in a FIB or transmission electron microscope (TEM) to couple local structural, morphological, and chemical phenomena. Further, one key advantage of SSEs is the potential to use a lithium metal anode. However, characterization of Li and Li/electrolyte interfaces is limited due to its intrinsic high chemical reactivity, low thermal stability, and low atomic number, making it prone to contamination and melting. Therefore, we demonstrate the ability of cryogenic focused ion beam (cryo-FIB) to process and characterize electrochemically deposited Li and Li metal based solid-state thin film devices.
Author: Jungwoo Lee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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Book Description
Next generation lithium-ion batteries will take on a wide variety of roles to meet the increased requirements from growth in consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and utility storage for integrating intermittent renewable (solar and wind) power sources. The cost per watt-hour of commercial batteries have shown incremental improvement due to improved manufacturing design, though drastic increases in energy and power density are needed to satisfy projected demand. Solid-state electrolytes (SSE) are explored due to their potential to improve energy and power density through enabling alkali metal anodes, while mitigating safety and temperature stability concerns associated with conventional liquid electrolyte lithium-ion batteries. However, there are still significant scientific and engineering hurdles before the full potential of SSEs can be realized: primarily performance degradation from chemical and mechanical interfacial instability. We enable the use of solid-state thin film battery materials and devices as a model system for fundamental studies of bulk and interface properties because of their well-defined geometry and controlled chemical composition, eliminating any effects from polymeric binder or conductive agents. In this thesis, we explore the structural, mechanical, and electrochemical properties of thin film electrolytes amorphous lithium lanthanum titanate (a-LLTO) and lithium phosphorous oxynitride (LiPON) along with the fabrication of thin film batteries with various electrode chemistries. Using these devices we develop focused ion beam (FIB) as a technique to fabricate electrochemically active nanobatteries that enables in situ analysis in a FIB or transmission electron microscope (TEM) to couple local structural, morphological, and chemical phenomena. Further, one key advantage of SSEs is the potential to use a lithium metal anode. However, characterization of Li and Li/electrolyte interfaces is limited due to its intrinsic high chemical reactivity, low thermal stability, and low atomic number, making it prone to contamination and melting. Therefore, we demonstrate the ability of cryogenic focused ion beam (cryo-FIB) to process and characterize electrochemically deposited Li and Li metal based solid-state thin film devices.
Author: Thomas Andrew Wynn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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Book Description
Lithium ion batteries have proven to be a paradigm shifting technology, enabling high energy density storage to power the handheld device and electric automotive revolutions. However relatively slow progress toward increased energy and power density has been made since the inception of the first functional lithium ion battery. Materials under consideration for next generation lithium ion batteries include anionic-redox-active cathodes, solid state electrolytes, and lithium metal anodes. Li-rich cathodes harness anionic redox, showing increased first charge capacity well beyond the redox capacity of traditional transition metal oxides, though suffer from severe capacity and voltage fade after the first cycle. This is in part attributed to oxygen evolution, driving surface reconstruction. Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) offer the potential for safer devices, serving as physical barriers for dendrite penetration, while hoping to enable the lithium metal anode. The lithium metal naturally exhibits the highest volumetric energy density of all anode materials. Here, we employ simulation and advanced characterization methodologies to understand the fundamental properties of a variety of next generation lithium ion battery materials and devices leading to their successes or failures. Using density functional theory, the effect of cationic substitution on the propensity for oxygen evolution was explored. Improvement in Li-rich cathode performance is predicted and demonstrated through doping of 4d transition metal Mo. Next, lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON), an SSE utilized in thin film batteries, was explored. LiPON has proven stable cycling against lithium metal anodes, though its stability is poorly understood. RF sputtered thin films of LiPON are examined via spectroscopic computational methods and nuclear magnetic resonance to reveal its atomic structure, ultimately responsible for its success as a thin film solid electrolyte. A new perspective on LiPON is presented, emphasizing its glassy nature and lack of long-range connectivity. Progress toward in situ methodologies for solid-state interfaces is described, and a protocol for FIB-produced nanobatteries is developed. Cryogenic methodologies are applied to a PEO/NCA composite electrode. Cryogenic focused ion beam was shown to preserve polymer structure and morphology, enabling accurate morphological quantification and preserving the crystallinity, as observed via TEM. Last, development of in situ solid-state interface characterization is discussed.
Author: Yu Yan
Publisher: OAE Publishing Inc.
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
Lithium (Li) metal-based rechargeable batteries hold significant promise to meet the ever-increasing demands for portable electronic devices, electric vehicles and grid-scale energy storage, making them the optimal alternatives for next-generation secondary batteries. Nevertheless, Li metal anodes currently suffer from major drawbacks, including safety concerns, capacity decay and lifespan degradation, which arise from uncontrollable dendrite growth, notorious side reactions and infinite volume variation, thereby limiting their current practical application. Numerous critical endeavors from different perspectives have been dedicated to developing highly stable Li metal anodes. Herein, a comprehensive overview of Li metal anodes regarding fundamental mechanisms, scientific challenges, characterization techniques, theoretical investigations and advanced strategies is systematically presented. First, the basic working principles of Li metal-based batteries are introduced. Specific attention is then paid to the fundamental understanding of and challenges facing Li metal anodes. Accordingly, advanced characterization approaches and theoretical computations are introduced to understand the fundamental mechanisms of dendrite growth and parasitic reactions. Recent key progress in Li anode protection is then comprehensively summarized and categorized to generate an overview of the respective superiorities and limitations of the various strategies. Furthermore, this review concludes the remaining obstacles and potential research directions for inspiring the innovation of Li metal anodes and endeavors to accomplish the practical application of next-generation Li-based batteries.
Author: Danny Xin Liu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Abstract: The development of a real-time quantification of Li transport using a non-destructive neutron method to measure the Li distribution upon charge and discharge in a Li-ion cell is reported here. Using in situ neutron depth profiling (NDP), we probed the onset of lithiation in high capacity Sn and Al anodes and visualized the enrichment of Li atoms on the surface which is followed by their propagation into the bulk. The de-lithiation process shows the removal of near surface Li, leading to a loss in coulombic efficiency assigned to trapped Li within the intermetallic material. In situ NDP developed in this work provides temporal and spatial measurement of Li transport within the battery material with exceptional sensitivity. Direct application of Fick's Laws allowed for the effective lithium diffusion coefficient to be calculated from the lithium concentration profiles. This diagnostic tool opens up possibilities of understanding rates of Li transport and their distribution to guide materials development for efficient storage mechanisms. In addition, in situ NDP was employed to explore the feasibility of utilizing Al as the anode current collector. The results indicate that an Al anode current collector can be employed as a strategy to improve energy density while reducing cost, provided that the surface of the Al is not in direct contact with Li+ or the voltage is limited to a value above the Al lithiation redox voltage. Our observations provide important mechanistic insights to the design of advanced battery materials.
Author: Stè¹phanie Bessette
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
"Electric vehicles have started to make their appearance in the transportation industry. At Quebec's scale especially, since electricity is already sustained by an extensive network of dams and reservoir, Hydro-Quebec puts a lot of focus towards green gas emission reduction via transportation electrification. To be widely accepted, batteries used in electric vehicles must have high ranges, long durability, be safe and an economical choice in the long run for its user to abandon gasoline-powered automobiles. In that matter, the company's Center of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage works tirelessly on the development of new generation battery materials using elements available in large quantities, with high performance chemistry. Materials characterization with Scanning Electron Microscopy is one of the most important steps in developing new materials, since it links the microstructure of the material to its fabrication process and properties down to the nanometer scale. This study focuses on the development of quantitative techniques for lithium in battery materials since this light element is the key element in the operation of a battery. In this work energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry are evaluated in relation to their capabilities to both detect and quantify lithium atoms in battery materials. A portable time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer (TOF-SIMS) that can attach to a standard dual beam microscope(FIB-SEM) was found to fulfill both aspects while allowing high resolution imaging andchemical analysis of the samples. An experimental calibration curve of lithium content in standard nickel cobalt manganese oxide cathodes was built using TOF-SIMS detector. The calibration curve allows identification of lithium content in cathodes with different state of charge and according to different charging rates. TOF-SIMS allows visualization of ionic distributions in material. Furthermore, it can help observe differences in crystallographic orientation with respect to the beam in between primary particles and permits identification of chemical hotspots of lithium." --
Author: Lucille A. Giannuzzi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 038723313X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 362
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Book Description
Introduction to Focused Ion Beams is geared towards techniques and applications. This is the only text that discusses and presents the theory directly related to applications and the only one that discusses the vast applications and techniques used in FIBs and dual platform instruments.
Author: Rachid Amine
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 74
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Book Description
Author: Jon Orloff
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461507650
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
In this book, we have attempted to produce a reference on high resolution focused ion beams (FIBs) that will be useful for both the user and the designer of FIB instrumentation. We have included a mix of theory and applications that seemed most useful to us. The field of FIBs has advanced rapidly since the application of the first field emission ion sources in the early 1970s. The development of the liquid metal ion source (LMIS) in the late 1960s and early 1970s and its application for FIBs in the late 1970s have resulted in a powerful tool for research and for industry. There have been hundreds of papers written on many aspects of LMIS and FIBs, and a useful and informative book on these subjects was published in 1991 by Phil Prewett and Grame Mair. Because there have been so many new applications and uses found for FIBs in the last ten years we felt that it was time for another book on the subject.
Author: Nan Yao
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107320569
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 496
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Book Description
The focused ion beam (FIB) system is an important tool for understanding and manipulating the structure of materials at the nanoscale. Combining this system with an electron beam creates a DualBeam - a single system that can function as an imaging, analytical and sample modification tool. Presenting the principles, capabilities, challenges and applications of the FIB technique, this edited volume, first published in 2007, comprehensively covers the ion beam technology including the DualBeam. The basic principles of ion beam and two-beam systems, their interaction with materials, etching and deposition are all covered, as well as in situ materials characterization, sample preparation, three-dimensional reconstruction and applications in biomaterials and nanotechnology. With nanostructured materials becoming increasingly important in micromechanical, electronic and magnetic devices, this self-contained review of the range of ion beam methods, their advantages, and when best to implement them is a valuable resource for researchers in materials science, electrical engineering and nanotechnology.
Author: Qiang Zhen
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3662586754
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 472
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Book Description
Volume 3 of a 4-volume series is a concise, authoritative and an eminently readable and enjoyable experience related to lithium ion battery design, characterization and usage for portable and stationary power. Although the major focus is on lithium metal oxides or transition metal oxide as alloys, the discussion of fossil fuels is also presented where appropriate. This monograph is written by recognized experts in the field, and is both timely and appropriate as this decade will see application of lithium as an energy carrier, for example in the transportation sector. This Volume focuses on the fundamentals related to batteries using the latest research in the field of battery physics, chemistry, and electrochemistry. The research summarised in this book by leading experts is laid out in an easy-to-understand format to enable the layperson to grasp the essence of the technology, its pitfalls and current challenges in high-power Lithium battery research. After introductory remarks on policy and battery safety, a series of monographs are offered related to fundamentals of lithium batteries, including, theoretical modeling, simulation and experimental techniques used to characterize electrode materials, both at the material composition, and also at the device level. The different properties specific to each component of the batteries are discussed in order to offer tradeoffs between power and energy density, energy cycling, safety and where appropriate end-of-life disposal. Parameters affecting battery performance and cost, longevity using newer metal oxides, different electrolytes are also reviewed in the context of safety concerns and in relation to the solid-electrolyte interface. Separators, membranes, solid-state electrolytes, and electrolyte additives are also reviewed in light of safety, recycling, and high energy endurance issues. The book is intended for a wide audience, such as scientists who are new to the field, practitioners, as well as students in the STEM and STEP fields, as well as students working on batteries. The sections on safety and policy would be of great interest to engineers and technologists who want to obtain a solid grounding in the fundamentals of battery science arising from the interaction of electrochemistry, solid-state materials science, surfaces, and interfaces.
