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Author: Clarisse Doris Hellman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Clarisse Doris Hellman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: C.D. Hellman
Publisher: Рипол Классик
ISBN: 588224384X
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 503
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Author: Clarisse Doris Hellman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Comets
Languages : en
Pages : 68
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Book Description
Author: François Arago
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Comets
Languages : en
Pages : 140
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Author: Warburg Institute. Library
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Library catalogs
Languages : en
Pages : 926
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Book Description
Author: Sara Schechner
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691227675
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 381
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Book Description
In a lively investigation into the boundaries between popular culture and early-modern science, Sara Schechner presents a case study that challenges the view that rationalism was at odds with popular belief in the development of scientific theories. Schechner Genuth delineates the evolution of people's understanding of comets, showing that until the seventeenth century, all members of society dreaded comets as heaven-sent portents of plague, flood, civil disorder, and other calamities. Although these beliefs became spurned as "vulgar superstitions" by the elite before the end of the century, she shows that they were nonetheless absorbed into the science of Newton and Halley, contributing to their theories in subtle yet profound ways. Schechner weaves together many strands of thought: views of comets as signs and causes of social and physical changes; vigilance toward monsters and prodigies as indicators of God's will; Christian eschatology; scientific interpretations of Scripture; astrological prognostication and political propaganda; and celestial mechanics and astrophysics. This exploration of the interplay between high and low beliefs about nature leads to the conclusion that popular and long-held views of comets as divine signs were not overturned by astronomical discoveries. Indeed, they became part of the foundation on which modern cosmology was built.
Author: Robert K. DeKosky
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 0761874038
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 533
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Book Description
In Knowledge and Cosmos: Development and Decline of the Medieval Perspective, 2nd Edition, Robert K. DeKosky focuses on issues in astronomy, cosmology, physics, matter theory, philosophy, and theology vital to the “Copernican Revolution.” This book describes efforts among individuals advocating different world views to fit new ideas compatibly into broad perspectives reflecting four traditional patterns of interpretation: teleological, mechanical, occultist, and mathematico-descriptive. These four modes had guided medieval accounts of heavenly phenomena, material process, and motion. The teleological explanation, prevalent in Aristotle’s natural philosophy, posited “final causes” (ends or goals toward which objects strove or attempted to become). Ancient classical atomists had emphasized strictly mechanical explanations, invoking direct material contact and collision of moving matter as agents of physical change. Traditions of astrology, magic, and alchemy embraced an occultist pattern of interpretation—citing hidden forces opaque to both sensual detection and rational understanding as explanations of various phenomena. Finally, the mathematico-descriptive approach interpreted natural phenomena according to geometric or arithmetic relationships; unlike the other three, this did not involve causal explanation of a process. Part I discusses development of the four patterns in the ancient period and their uneasy medieval relationships with each other and with basic Judaeo-Muslim-Christian exigencies of faith. Theory of the heavens follows, including the mathematico-descriptive approach of Ptolemaic astronomy, the teleological and mechanical cosmology of Aristotle, and occultist interpretations of astrologers and magicians. Part I then turns to matter and materiality, discussing differences among the mechanical philosophy of classical atomism, teleological emphases in Aristotle’s material theory, and occultist assumptions of some alchemists. Finally, Part I analyzes conceptions of motion, focusing on Aristotelian interpretations and critical commentaries thereon during the Middle Ages. Part II relates struggles of leading early-modern figures to adapt new concepts (e.g., Copernicus’ heliocentric astronomy/cosmology, Galileo’s inertial theories of motion, and Kepler’s elliptical planetary orbit) to an allegiance to two or more of the four patterns of interpretation. By this approach, it identifies decreasing dependence on teleological explanation of physical phenomena as crucial to decline of medieval interpretations of those phenomena, followed by rejection of teleology in the natural philosophy of Descartes, and subsequent fruitful confluence of the mechanical, mathematico-descriptive, and occultist patterns in the physics and cosmology of Isaac Newton.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 1104
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Book Description
Includes section, "Recent book acquisitions" (varies: Recent United States publications) formerly published separately by the U.S. Army Medical Library.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1050
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Author: Tabitta Van Nouhuys
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9789004112049
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 626
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Book Description
This volume deals with the tracts - Latin and vernacular - published in the Netherlands on the comets of 1577 and 1618. Central to the book is the question of how these cometary appearances influenced the Aristotelian world view. This is the first lengthy examination of the decline of Aristotelian cosmology in the Netherlands. Its demonstration of the connection between cosmological and political views renders the book useful to historians of general Dutch history, as well as historians of science.
