Action of Sodium Sulphate in Synthetic Tanning Materials (Classic Reprint) PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Action of Sodium Sulphate in Synthetic Tanning Materials (Classic Reprint) PDF full book. Access full book title Action of Sodium Sulphate in Synthetic Tanning Materials (Classic Reprint) by Edward Wolesensky. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Edward Wolesensky
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9780428572365
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 24
Get Book Here
Book Description
Excerpt from Action of Sodium Sulphate in Synthetic Tanning Materials It therefore follows that if a hide is treated with a solution contain ing both sodium sulphate and a synthetic tanning material (which is usually an active acid) both the sulphuric acid and the tanning material will combine with the hide to a certain extent. In other words, the neutralization of the excess sulphuric acid ln syntans, by means of sodium hydroxide or any other reagent 'which yields a soluble sulphate, does not entirely prevent the sulphuric acid from reacting with the hide during the tanning process. The extent to which the sulphuric acid and the synthetic tanning agent will combine with the hide under these conditions is not yet definitely known, but it is probable that an equilibrium will ultimately be reached, depending partly on the nature of the syntan and partly on the concentrations of the reagents in the tanning solution. But whatever the amount of the sulphuric acid which will be combined ln the leather, the results obtained in the present study indicate that this can not be com pletely removed by any amount of washing with water at ordinary temperatures. It is possible and even probable that this combined sulphuric acid which remains in the leather after thorough washing will have no injurious effect on it, but this still remains to be definitely ascertained. In any case, thorough washing of the leather after using a syntan which contains any considerable amount of sodium sulphate or other soluble sulphate is always necessary in order to prevent injury from the free sulphuric acid which would result from the inter action of the sulphate with any excess of uncombined sulphonic acid. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Edward Wolesensky
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9780428572365
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 24
Get Book Here
Book Description
Excerpt from Action of Sodium Sulphate in Synthetic Tanning Materials It therefore follows that if a hide is treated with a solution contain ing both sodium sulphate and a synthetic tanning material (which is usually an active acid) both the sulphuric acid and the tanning material will combine with the hide to a certain extent. In other words, the neutralization of the excess sulphuric acid ln syntans, by means of sodium hydroxide or any other reagent 'which yields a soluble sulphate, does not entirely prevent the sulphuric acid from reacting with the hide during the tanning process. The extent to which the sulphuric acid and the synthetic tanning agent will combine with the hide under these conditions is not yet definitely known, but it is probable that an equilibrium will ultimately be reached, depending partly on the nature of the syntan and partly on the concentrations of the reagents in the tanning solution. But whatever the amount of the sulphuric acid which will be combined ln the leather, the results obtained in the present study indicate that this can not be com pletely removed by any amount of washing with water at ordinary temperatures. It is possible and even probable that this combined sulphuric acid which remains in the leather after thorough washing will have no injurious effect on it, but this still remains to be definitely ascertained. In any case, thorough washing of the leather after using a syntan which contains any considerable amount of sodium sulphate or other soluble sulphate is always necessary in order to prevent injury from the free sulphuric acid which would result from the inter action of the sulphate with any excess of uncombined sulphonic acid. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Edward Wolesensky
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sodium sulfate
Languages : en
Pages : 18
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Edward Wolesensky
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sodium sulfate
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Edward Wolesensky
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: E. Wolesensky
Publisher: BiblioGov
ISBN: 9781289188139
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 22
Get Book Here
Book Description
In 1901 the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) was founded to provide standard weights and measures and to be the national physical laboratory for the United States of America. The NBS conducted a lot of research in the fields of science and technology which were reported as "Technological Papers." In 1988 the NBS became what we know now; the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This is one of those documents written by employees of the NBS.
Author: Anthony D Covington
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1782626026
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 469
Get Book Here
Book Description
Even in the 21st Century, the manufacture of leather retains an air of the dark arts, still somewhat shrouded in the mysteries of a millennia old, craft based industry. Despite the best efforts of a few scientists over the last century or so, much of the understanding of the principles of tanning is still based on received wisdom and experience. Leather is made from (usually) the hides and skins of animals - large animals such as cattle have hides, small animals such as sheep have skins. The skin of any animal is largely composed of the protein collagen, so it is the chemistry of this fibrous protein and the properties it confers to the skin with which the tanner is most concerned. In addition, other components of the skin impact on processing, impact on the chemistry of the material and impact on the properties of the product, leather. Therefore, it is useful to understand the relationships between skin structure at the molecular and macro levels, the changes imposed by modifying the chemistry of the material and the eventual properties of the leather. This book aims to contribute to changing the thinking in the industry, to continue building a body of scientific understanding, aimed at enhancing the sustainability of an industry which produces a unique group of materials, derived from a natural source. The Science of Leather is the only current text on tanning science, and addresses the scientific principles which underpin the processes involved in making leather. It is concerned with the chemical modification of collagen, prior to tanning and the tanning reactions in particular. The subject is covered in the following order: collagen chemistry, collagen structure, skin structure, processing to prepare for tanning, the tanning processes and processing after tanning. The aim of the book is to provide leather scientists and technologists with an understanding of how the reactions work, the nature of their outcomes and how the processes can be controlled and changed. The objective is to synthesise a scientific view of leather making and to arrive at an understanding of the nature of tanning - how the wide range of chemistries employed in the art can change the properties of collagen, making leather with different properties, especially conferring different degrees of stabilisation as measured by the hydrothermal stability. Environmental issues are not treated as a separate theme - the impact of leather making on the environment is a thread running through the text, with the assumption that better understanding of the science of leather making will lead to improved processing. The book also reflects on the ways leather technology may develop in the future based on the foundation of understanding the scientific principles which can be exploited. It also includes a subject index, references and a glossary. The book provides the reader with insights into the role science plays in leather technology and provides fundamental understanding, which should be the basis for scientific and technological research and development for the benefit of the global leather industry. The book is aimed at students, leather scientists and technologists, in both academia and industry, in leather production and in chemical supply houses.
Author: United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water Regulations and Standards
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Water
Languages : en
Pages : 456
Get Book Here
Book Description
Section 304(a) (1) of the Clean Water Act 33 U.S.C. 1314(a) (1) requires the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to publish and periodically update ambient water quality criteria. These criteria are to accurately reflect the latest scientific knowledge (a) on the kind and extent of all identifiable effects on health and welfare including, but not limited to, plankton, fish shellfish, wildlife, plant life, shorelines, beaches, aesthetics, and recreation which may be expected from the presence of pollutants in any body of water including ground water; (b) on the concentration and dispersal of pollutants, or their byproducts, through biological, physical, and chemical processes; and (c) on the effects of pollutants on biological community diversity, productivity, and stability, including information on the factors affecting rates of eutrophication and organic and inorganic sedimentation for varying types of receiving waters. In a continuing effort to provide those who use EPA's water quality and human health criteria with up-to-date criteria values and associated information, the document was assembled. The document includes summaries of all the contaminants for which EPA has developed criteria recommendations.
Author: P. Heinrich Stahl
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9783906390581
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 392
Get Book Here
Book Description
This comprehensive up-to-date guide and information source is an instructive companion for all scientists involved in research and development of drugs and, in particular, of pharmaceutical dosage forms. The editors have taken care to address every conceivable aspect of the preparation of pharmaceutical salts and present the necessary theoretical foundations as well as a wealth of detailed practical experience in the choice of pharmaceutically active salts. Altogether, the contributions reflect the multidisciplinary nature of the science involved in selection of suitable salt forms for new drug products.
Author: Wei Zhang
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119288584
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1127
Get Book Here
Book Description
An updated overview of the rapidly developing field of green techniques for organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry Green chemistry remains a high priority in modern organic synthesis and pharmaceutical R&D, with important environmental and economic implications. This book presents comprehensive coverage of green chemistry techniques for organic and medicinal chemistry applications, summarizing the available new technologies, analyzing each technique’s features and green chemistry characteristics, and providing examples to demonstrate applications for green organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. The extensively revised edition of Green Techniques for Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry includes 7 entirely new chapters on topics including green chemistry and innovation, green chemistry metrics, green chemistry and biological drugs, and the business case for green chemistry in the generic pharmaceutical industry. It is divided into 4 parts. The first part introduces readers to the concepts of green chemistry and green engineering, global environmental regulations, green analytical chemistry, green solvents, and green chemistry metrics. The other three sections cover green catalysis, green synthetic techniques, and green techniques and strategies in the pharmaceutical industry. Includes more than 30% new and updated material—plus seven brand new chapters Edited by highly regarded experts in the field (Berkeley Cue is one of the fathers of Green Chemistry in Pharma) with backgrounds in academia and industry Brings together a team of international authors from academia, industry, government agencies, and consultancies (including John Warner, one of the founders of the field of Green Chemistry) Green Techniques for Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry, Second Edition is an essential resource on green chemistry technologies for academic researchers, R&D professionals, and students working in organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry.
Author: Karl Helmer Gustavson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 364
Get Book Here
Book Description
