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Author: George G. Haroules
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Microwave measurements
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
The measurement of absolute temperature under field operating conditions is usually achieved at the expense of tedious calibration using carefully controlled cryogenic devices. In this report, a technique is described by means of which such measurements can be made using only conventional laboratory hardware. Two Dicke-type radiometers have been developed and constructed which embody this technique. The measurement system that has been developed establishes the rf zero of the radiometer and determines the absolute temperature while operating in a rf-balanced condition. A simplified laboratory calibration of the device and the effect of gain stability on measurement accuracy, while observing temperatures near absolute zero, are discussed. Field measurements of sky temperature using standard gain horns and a 28-foot parabolic antenna were conducted at frequencies of 8 and 15 gHz. The experimental results of the program are compared with theoretical predictions of sky temperature for various atmospheric opacities.
Author: George G. Haroules
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Microwave measurements
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
The measurement of absolute temperature under field operating conditions is usually achieved at the expense of tedious calibration using carefully controlled cryogenic devices. In this report, a technique is described by means of which such measurements can be made using only conventional laboratory hardware. Two Dicke-type radiometers have been developed and constructed which embody this technique. The measurement system that has been developed establishes the rf zero of the radiometer and determines the absolute temperature while operating in a rf-balanced condition. A simplified laboratory calibration of the device and the effect of gain stability on measurement accuracy, while observing temperatures near absolute zero, are discussed. Field measurements of sky temperature using standard gain horns and a 28-foot parabolic antenna were conducted at frequencies of 8 and 15 gHz. The experimental results of the program are compared with theoretical predictions of sky temperature for various atmospheric opacities.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aerodynamics
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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Author: United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 436
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Book Description
Author: Hoyt Clarke Hottel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : High temperatures
Languages : en
Pages : 84
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Book Description
Author: United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Scientific and Technical Information Division
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 428
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Book Description
Author: United States. Wright Air Development Division
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 1050
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 1020
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Author: G. Bruggmoser
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642825303
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 153
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Book Description
The present challenge in the treatment of tumors is to reduce the number of patients that still die as a result of primary tumors. Today, the percentage of such deaths remains high at 30%, even when all the common therapeutic methods, namely surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, are applied. In order to reduce this percentage, new types of radiation sources with a higher linear energy transfer have been intro duced, such as neutrons and pions. Fractionation patterns have been modified and radiosensitizers have been applied to in crease biological efficiency. Studies of the combined application of chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been made to find the best therapeutic effect. In the early 1970s biological findings confirmed the effect of hyperthermia on tumor cells. The first clinical studies on hyper thermia treatment demonstrated that it resulted in better local tumor control. Further application of this treatment modality showed that hyperthermia should be used in addition to radio therapy and chemotherapy. Despite these encouraging results, hyperthermia has not been introduced into common clinical use, due primarily to technical problems. There are a number of methods of transferring heat into tumors; however, with regard to physical conditions, an op timum method has not yet been found. One of the reasons is that up to now we have had no reliable method of obtaining thermal mapping of all parts of the human body. Such measurements are required not only for dosimetric purposes but also for the regula tion of a hyperthermic system.
Author: United States. Superintendent of Documents
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 1464
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