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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789276172277
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Depletion is the concept underpinning one of the most widely applied approach to account for the impacts associated with mineral and metal resource use in Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) step. The extraction of a resource from the Earth's crust implies the reduction of the corresponding geological stocks, and is considered to subsequently contribute to this resource depletion. During the Environmental Footprint (EF) pilot phase (2013-2018), the concept of resources (or materials) dissipation after their use in the technosphere has been increasingly called for being considered as a potential better way to account for (abiotic) resources in an EF context. The international community has started investigating further the concept of resource dissipation applied to Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and, still, there is currently no common understanding of what a dissipative flow is, if this has implications on how to define the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) of a process, nor there is an accepted LCIA model to be applied to dissipative flows. This report provides a literature review of existing studies in different disciplines regarding resource dissipation. Furthermore, it provides an approach on how to deal with resource dissipation at the LCI and LCIA levels. The proposed approaches were tested in case studies. Moreover, the report addresses another aspects so far not properly developed in LCIA: the impact associated to the use of naturally occurring biotic resources and a proposal for the characterization thereof. The results of this study cannot be integrated "as is" in an EF context: when considering abiotic and biotic resources still some further work is needed both at LCI and LCIA levels. However, for what concerns biotic, a list of elementary flows that can be integrated in EF is provided. Nevertheless, this work constitutes the basis for further developments by researchers and method developers for a possible consideration for implementation in an EF context. As a next step we invite the scientific community to build on the results of this report in view of a fully applicable method.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789276172277
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Depletion is the concept underpinning one of the most widely applied approach to account for the impacts associated with mineral and metal resource use in Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) step. The extraction of a resource from the Earth's crust implies the reduction of the corresponding geological stocks, and is considered to subsequently contribute to this resource depletion. During the Environmental Footprint (EF) pilot phase (2013-2018), the concept of resources (or materials) dissipation after their use in the technosphere has been increasingly called for being considered as a potential better way to account for (abiotic) resources in an EF context. The international community has started investigating further the concept of resource dissipation applied to Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and, still, there is currently no common understanding of what a dissipative flow is, if this has implications on how to define the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) of a process, nor there is an accepted LCIA model to be applied to dissipative flows. This report provides a literature review of existing studies in different disciplines regarding resource dissipation. Furthermore, it provides an approach on how to deal with resource dissipation at the LCI and LCIA levels. The proposed approaches were tested in case studies. Moreover, the report addresses another aspects so far not properly developed in LCIA: the impact associated to the use of naturally occurring biotic resources and a proposal for the characterization thereof. The results of this study cannot be integrated "as is" in an EF context: when considering abiotic and biotic resources still some further work is needed both at LCI and LCIA levels. However, for what concerns biotic, a list of elementary flows that can be integrated in EF is provided. Nevertheless, this work constitutes the basis for further developments by researchers and method developers for a possible consideration for implementation in an EF context. As a next step we invite the scientific community to build on the results of this report in view of a fully applicable method.
Author: Matthias Finkbeiner
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9401776105
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 413
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Book Description
This book presents specialised methods and tools built on classical LCA. In the first book-length overview, their importance for the further growth and application of LCA is demonstrated for some of the most prominent species of this emerging trend: Carbon footprinting; Water footprinting; Eco-efficiency assessment; Resource efficiency assessment; Input-output and hybrid LCA; Material flow analysis; Organizational LCA. Carbon footprinting was a huge driver for the market expansion of simplified LCA. The discussions led to an ample proliferation of different guidelines and standards including ISO/TS 14067 on Carbon Footprint of Product. Atsushi Inaba (Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan) and his eight co-authors provide an up-to-date status of Carbon Footprint of Products. The increasing relevance of Water Footprinting and the diverse methods were the drivers to develop the ISO 14046 as international water footprint standard. Markus Berger (Technische Universität Berlin, Germany), Stephan Pfister (ETH Zurich, Switzerland) and Masaharu Motoshita (Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan) present a status of water resources and demands from a global and regional perspective. A core part is the discussion and comparison of the different water footprint methods, databases and tools. Peter Saling from BASF SE in Ludwigshafen, Germany, broadens the perspective towards Eco-efficiency Assessment. He describes the BASF-specific type of eco-efficiency analysis plus adaptions like the so-called SEEBALANCE and AgBalance applications. Laura Schneider, Vanessa Bach and Matthias Finkbeiner (Technische Universität Berlin, Germany) address multi-dimensional LCA perspectives in the form of Resource Efficiency Assessment. Research needs and proposed methodological developments for abiotic resource efficiency assessment, and especially for the less developed area of biotic resources, are discussed.The fundamentals ofInput-output and Hybrid LCA are covered by Shinichiro Nakamura (Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan) and Keisuke Nansai (National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan). The concepts of environmentally extended IO, different types of hybrid IO-LCA and the waste model are introduced. David Laner and Helmut Rechberger (Vienna University of Technology, Austria) present the basic terms and procedures of Material Flow Analysismethodology. The combination of MFA and LCA is discussed as a promising approach for environmental decision support. Julia Martínez-Blanco (Technische Universität Berlin, Germany; now at Inèdit, Barcelona, Spain), Atsushi Inaba (Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan) and Matthias Finkbeiner (Technische Universität Berlin, Germany) introduce a recent development which could develop a new trend, namely the LCA of Organizations.
Author: Michael Z. Hauschild
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9401797447
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 345
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Book Description
This book offers a detailed presentation of the principles and practice of life cycle impact assessment. As a volume of the LCA compendium, the book is structured according to the LCIA framework developed by the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)passing through the phases of definition or selection of impact categories, category indicators and characterisation models (Classification): calculation of category indicator results (Characterisation); calculating the magnitude of category indicator results relative to reference information (Normalisation); and converting indicator results of different impact categories by using numerical factors based on value-choices (Weighting). Chapter one offers a historical overview of the development of life cycle impact assessment and presents the boundary conditions and the general principles and constraints of characterisation modelling in LCA. The second chapter outlines the considerations underlying the selection of impact categories and the classification or assignment of inventory flows into these categories. Chapters three through thirteen exploreall the impact categories that are commonly included in LCIA, discussing the characteristics of each followed by a review of midpoint and endpoint characterisation methods, metrics, uncertainties and new developments, and a discussion of research needs. Chapter-length treatment is accorded to Climate Change; Stratospheric Ozone Depletion; Human Toxicity; Particulate Matter Formation; Photochemical Ozone Formation; Ecotoxicity; Acidification; Eutrophication; Land Use; Water Use; and Abiotic Resource Use. The final two chapters map out the optional LCIA steps of Normalisation and Weighting.
Author: H. A. Udo de Haes
Publisher: Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry
ISBN:
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 280
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Book Description
Author: Kun-Mo Lee
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789810505905
Category : Environmental impact analysis
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Henrik Wenzel
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780412808104
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 854
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Book Description
This major two volume work presents a new decision making tool which enables manufacturers and scientists to undertake life cycle assessment (LCA) of new products from the design and development stages. The methodology allows the environmental consequences of a product to enter into decision making in the same way as traditional commercial parameters such as price, quality etc. Significantly, it is in accordance with international consensus, as defined by SETAC (Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry) and ISO (International Organization for Standardization). Moreover, the individual steps have been made operational through the creation of a collection of tools for assessment. The books are derived from the Environmental Design of Industrial Products (EDIP) programme organized by the Technical University of Denmark and five leading Danish companies. The project was sponsored by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Confederation of Danish Industries.
Author: Francesc Castells
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0203488172
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 391
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Book Description
This book covers the use of life-cycle assessment, risk assessment, and a combined framework of the two in the estimation of environmental damage, providing explanations of methods and descriptions in the environmental analysis of industrial processes. The book opens by examining environmental strategies, then places life-cycle and risk assessment
Author: Mario Schmidt
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3038975451
Category : Environmental sciences
Languages : en
Pages : 175
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Book Description
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Consideration of Abiotic Natural Resources in Life Cycle Assessments" that was published in Resources
Author: Miao Guo
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642350372
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 414
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Book Description
Miao Guo's PhD thesis provides scientific insights into the environmental issues related to biocomposites based on starch-polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) blends. The author contributes significantly to the methodological issues underlying the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) modelling approach. As well as presenting complete LCA inventories using primary data from a variety of sources, Guo develops a new modelling approach incorporating the process-oriented biogeochemistry model Denitrification-Decomposition (DNDC) into site-specific LCA studies to simulate carbon and nitrogen dynamics in the wheat agro-ecosystem. This thesis addresses important LCA data quality issues by using comprehensive sensitivity and uncertainty analyses and has resulted in a large number of publications in internationally renowned journals.
Author: Jeroen B. Guinée
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0306480557
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 692
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Book Description
Environmental policy aims at the transition to sustainable production and consumption. This is taking place in different ways and at different levels. In cases where businesses are continuously active to improve the environmental performance of their products and activities, the availability of knowledge on environmental impacts is indispensable. The integrated assessment of all environmental impacts from cradle to grave is the basis for many decisions relating to achieving improved products and services. The assessment tool most widely used for this is the environmental Life Cycle Assessment, or LCA. Before you is the new Handbook of LCA replacing the previous edition of 1992. New developments in LCA methodology from all over the world have been discussed and, where possible, included in this new Handbook. Integration of all developments into a new, consistent method has been the main aim for the new Handbook. The thinking on environment and sustainability is, however, quickly evolving so that it is already clear now that this new LCA Handbook does not embrace the very latest developments. Therefore, further revisions will have to take place in the future. A major advantage of this Handbook is that it now also advises which procedures should be followed to achieve adequate, relevant and accepted results. Furthermore, the distinction between detailed and simplified LCA makes this Handbook more broadly applicable, while guidance is provided as to which additional information can be relevant for specialised applications.
