A Turbocharged Spark-ignition Engine for Low Exhaust Emissions PDF Download
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Author: John F. Schweikert
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 278
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Book Description
Author: John F. Schweikert
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 278
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Book Description
Author: John F. Schweikert
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 14
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Book Description
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309216389
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 373
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Book Description
Various combinations of commercially available technologies could greatly reduce fuel consumption in passenger cars, sport-utility vehicles, minivans, and other light-duty vehicles without compromising vehicle performance or safety. Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy estimates the potential fuel savings and costs to consumers of available technology combinations for three types of engines: spark-ignition gasoline, compression-ignition diesel, and hybrid. According to its estimates, adopting the full combination of improved technologies in medium and large cars and pickup trucks with spark-ignition engines could reduce fuel consumption by 29 percent at an additional cost of $2,200 to the consumer. Replacing spark-ignition engines with diesel engines and components would yield fuel savings of about 37 percent at an added cost of approximately $5,900 per vehicle, and replacing spark-ignition engines with hybrid engines and components would reduce fuel consumption by 43 percent at an increase of $6,000 per vehicle. The book focuses on fuel consumption-the amount of fuel consumed in a given driving distance-because energy savings are directly related to the amount of fuel used. In contrast, fuel economy measures how far a vehicle will travel with a gallon of fuel. Because fuel consumption data indicate money saved on fuel purchases and reductions in carbon dioxide emissions, the book finds that vehicle stickers should provide consumers with fuel consumption data in addition to fuel economy information.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309373913
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 812
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Book Description
The light-duty vehicle fleet is expected to undergo substantial technological changes over the next several decades. New powertrain designs, alternative fuels, advanced materials and significant changes to the vehicle body are being driven by increasingly stringent fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards. By the end of the next decade, cars and light-duty trucks will be more fuel efficient, weigh less, emit less air pollutants, have more safety features, and will be more expensive to purchase relative to current vehicles. Though the gasoline-powered spark ignition engine will continue to be the dominant powertrain configuration even through 2030, such vehicles will be equipped with advanced technologies, materials, electronics and controls, and aerodynamics. And by 2030, the deployment of alternative methods to propel and fuel vehicles and alternative modes of transportation, including autonomous vehicles, will be well underway. What are these new technologies - how will they work, and will some technologies be more effective than others? Written to inform The United States Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission standards, this new report from the National Research Council is a technical evaluation of costs, benefits, and implementation issues of fuel reduction technologies for next-generation light-duty vehicles. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles estimates the cost, potential efficiency improvements, and barriers to commercial deployment of technologies that might be employed from 2020 to 2030. This report describes these promising technologies and makes recommendations for their inclusion on the list of technologies applicable for the 2017-2025 CAFE standards.
Author: Jacob Elijah McKenzie
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 145
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Book Description
The societal demand for vehicles with high efficiency and low emissions has spurred considerable changes to the automotive internal combustion engine within the past decade. Reductions in the displacement volume and increases in maximum output per unit of displacement are among the characteristics adopted to meet the fuel economy targets of world governments. However, the extent to which these changes in engine configuration may be pursued in search of efficiency is limited by several fundamental phenomena. The intent of this research project is to investigate the modeling of one of these phenomena - the autoignition of an unburned portion of the air-fuel mixture - and a potential strategy intended to delay the occurrence of this frequently damaging type of combustion reaction. The autoignition abatement approach studied entails the recirculation of burned exhaust gasses which serve to dilute the air-fuel mixture and reduce maximum unburned gas temperatures Experimental testing was performed on two different types of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system - one which extracts exhaust gases from upstream of the catalytic converter and another which extracts gases from downstream - in order to determine if the changes in composition that occur across the catalyst affect the autoignition abatement characteristics of the recirculated exhaust. This testing indicated that differences between the alternative installations are dominated by changes in the flow dynamics of the exhaust system, with no definite changes attributable to compositional differences. An empirical method of predicting the occurrence of autoignition using experimental data was then developed based on an approach originally proposed by Livengood and Wu. Ignition delay correlations were developed that provide accurate autoignition prediction over a range of speeds, loads, air-fuel equivalence ratios and dilution rates. Additionally, a new statistical model for autoignition is proposed that captures the cycle-to-cycle variation in autoignition intensity and relates these variations to the thermodynamic state of the charge.
Author: Kevin David Cedrone
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 191
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Book Description
Gasoline consumption and pollutant emissions from transportation are costly and have serious, demonstrated environmental and health impacts. Downsized, turbocharged direct-injection spark ignition (DISI) gasoline engines consume less fuel and achieve superior performance compared with conventional port fuel injected spark ignition (PFI-SI) engines. Although more efficient, turbocharged DISI engines have new emissions challenges during cold start. DISI fuel injection delivers more liquid fuel into the combustion chamber, increasing the emissions of unburned hydrocarbons. The turbocharger slows down activation (warm-up) of the catalytic exhaust after-treatment system. The objective of this research is to find a control strategy that: 1. Accelerates warm-up of the catalyst, and 2. Maintains low emissions of unburned hydrocarbons (UBHCs) during the catalyst warm-up process. This research includes a broad experimental survey of engine behaviour and emission response for a modern turbocharged DISI engine. The study focuses on the idle period during cold-start for which DISI engine emissions are worst. Engine experiments and simulations show that late and slow combustion lead to high exhaust gas temperatures and mass flow rate for fast warm-up. However, late and slow combustion increase the risk of partial-burn misfire. At the misfire limit for each parameter, the following conclusions are drawn: 1. Late ignition timing is the most effective way to increase exhaust enthalpy flow rate for fast catalyst warm-up. 2. By creating a favourable spatial fuel-air mixture stratification, split fuel injection can simultaneously retard and stabilize combustion to improve emissions and prevent partial-burn misfire. 3. Excessive trapped residuals from long valve overlap limit the potential for valve timing to reduce cold-start emissions. 4. Despite their more challenging evaporation characteristics, fuel blends with high ethanol content showed reasonable emissions behaviour and greater tolerance to late combustion than neat gasoline. 5. Higher exhaust back-pressure leads to high exhaust temperature during the exhaust stroke, leading to significantly more post-flame oxidation. 6. Post-flame oxidation in the combustion chamber and exhaust system play a critical role in decreasing the quantity of catalyst-in emissions due to hydrocarbons that escape primary (flame) combustion. A cold start strategy combining late ignition, 15% excess air, and high exhaust backpressure yielded the lowest cumulative hydrocarbon emissions during cold start.
Author: Thomas Allan Huls
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 444
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Book Description
Author: Theodore Taylor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 96
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Book Description
Author: Henrik Hoffmeyer
Publisher: Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH
ISBN: 3832530797
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 193
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Book Description
In spite of progress in the development of alternative powertrain systems and energy sources, the internal combustion and all its derivates still are and will be the main powertrain for automobiles. In SI-engines, several approaches compete with each other like the controlled auto ignition (CAI or HCCI), throttle-free load control using variable valvetrains, stratified mixture formation with lean engine operation or highly turbo charged downsizing concepts all combined with gasoline direct injection. The presented work makes a contribution for a deeper understanding of the combustion process of a turbo charged direct injection engine operating with external EGR as well as lean stratified mixture. Using detailed test bench investigations and introducing a new optical measurement tool, the combustion process is described in detail focusing on the occurrence of non-premixed combustion phenomena. The influence of engine parameters like global and local air-/fuel ratio, external EGR and fuel rail pressure as well as the influence of fuel parameters are discussed giving a characterization of the combustion process of stratified engine operation. Furthermore, the influences of non-inert exhaust gas components on engine knock tendency are investigated using external EGR with an EGR catalyst. Opposing the results to numerical analysis, combustion characteristics of turbo charged DISI-engines are presented.
Author: PEP (Professional Engineering Publishers)
Publisher: Wiley
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 84
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Book Description
These seminar proceedings describe the use of natural gas as a fuel for the production of mechanical/electrical energy using reciprocating and turbine engine technology. The power range of 1kw to 100mw is discussed.
