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Author: Ralph Grishman
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9781330435625
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 103
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Book Description
Excerpt from A Survey of Syntactic Analysis Procedures for Natural Language The Computer Science Department of New York University, under contract to the Office of Naval Research, has prepared a series of reports examining selected areas of artificial intelligence. We hope in these critical surveys to place in perspective the main lines of past research and thereby perhaps to suggest fruitful directions for future work. As part of these surveys we have prepared precise specifications, in the programming language SETL, of some of the basic algorithms in each area. These specifications are intended to provide clear points of reference for structuring our review of past work. This first report is concerned with natural language processing systems, systems which are able to accept instructions or data in natural language. In very general terms, these systems process the text through several stages: (1) syntactic: analyzes the structure of each sentence (or other text unit) and rearranges the elements of the sentence to simplify its structures; this stage should recognize paraphrases due to alternative arrangements of words in a sentence (2) semantic: restructures the sentences into the form used for internal processing, such as inference or data retrieval; depending on the application, the output may be a command in an information retrieval language, a structure based on some set of semantic "primitives", or a tabular structure suitable as a data base; this stage should recognize some of the paraphrases due to alternative choices of words. (3) pragmatic: interprets the text based on particular context (problem situation or data base); this stage should recognize sentences which are equivalent in effect (such as "Throw that switch." and "Turn on the light."). The reader will note that these stages are very vaguely characterized. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Ralph Grishman
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9781330435625
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 103
Get Book Here
Book Description
Excerpt from A Survey of Syntactic Analysis Procedures for Natural Language The Computer Science Department of New York University, under contract to the Office of Naval Research, has prepared a series of reports examining selected areas of artificial intelligence. We hope in these critical surveys to place in perspective the main lines of past research and thereby perhaps to suggest fruitful directions for future work. As part of these surveys we have prepared precise specifications, in the programming language SETL, of some of the basic algorithms in each area. These specifications are intended to provide clear points of reference for structuring our review of past work. This first report is concerned with natural language processing systems, systems which are able to accept instructions or data in natural language. In very general terms, these systems process the text through several stages: (1) syntactic: analyzes the structure of each sentence (or other text unit) and rearranges the elements of the sentence to simplify its structures; this stage should recognize paraphrases due to alternative arrangements of words in a sentence (2) semantic: restructures the sentences into the form used for internal processing, such as inference or data retrieval; depending on the application, the output may be a command in an information retrieval language, a structure based on some set of semantic "primitives", or a tabular structure suitable as a data base; this stage should recognize some of the paraphrases due to alternative choices of words. (3) pragmatic: interprets the text based on particular context (problem situation or data base); this stage should recognize sentences which are equivalent in effect (such as "Throw that switch." and "Turn on the light."). The reader will note that these stages are very vaguely characterized. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Ralph Grishman
Publisher: Palala Press
ISBN: 9781342128416
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 102
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Book Description
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Author: Ralph Grishman
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9780267803378
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 102
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Book Description
Excerpt from A Survey of Syntactic Analysis Procedures for Natural Language Transformational Analyzers: Subsequent Developments Other Syntactic Analysis Procedures Parsing with Probability and Graded Acceptability.. Conjunction and Adjunction algorithm specifications Parsing Algorithms for Context - Free Grammars A Parser for Unrestricted Rewriting Rule Grammars.. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Ralph Grishman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 96
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Book Description
Author: Dominique Sportiche
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1405100176
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 483
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Book Description
An Introduction to Syntactic Analysis and Theory offers beginning students a comprehensive overview of and introduction to our current understanding of the rules and principles that govern the syntax of natural languages. Includes numerous pedagogical features such as ‘practice’ boxes and sidebars, designed to facilitate understanding of both the ‘hows’ and the ‘whys’ of sentence structure Guides readers through syntactic and morphological structures in a progressive manner Takes the mystery out of one of the most crucial aspects of the workings of language – the principles and processes behind the structure of sentences Ideal for students with minimal knowledge of current syntactic research, it progresses in theoretical difficulty from basic ideas and theories to more complex and advanced, up to date concepts in syntactic theory
Author: John Michael Foster
Publisher: London : Macdonald & Company ; New York : American Elsevier
ISBN:
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Book Description
Author: Giorgio Graffi
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN: 9027245878
Category : Grammar, Comparative and general
Languages : en
Pages : 565
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Book Description
This book argues convincingly against the widespread opinion that very few syntactic studies were carried out before the 1950s. Relying on the detailed analysis of a large amount of original sources, it shows that syntactic matters were in fact carefully investigated throughout both the 19th century and during the first half of the 20th century. Moreover, it illustrates how the enormous development of syntactic research in the last fifty years has already condemned even several recent ideas and analyses to oblivion, and deeply influenced current research programs. The wealth of research undertaken over the last two centuries is presented here in a systematic way, taking as its starting point the relationship of syntax with psychology throughout this period. The critical ideas expressed in the text are based on a detailed illustration of the different syntactic models and analyses rather than on the polemics between the different schools.
Author: Noam Chomsky
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3112316002
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Book Description
No detailed description available for "Syntactic Structures".
Author: Robert D. Levine
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108107508
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 351
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Book Description
In syntactic analysis, as in linguistics generally, the skills required to first identify, and then make sense of, complex patterns in linguistic data involve a certain specific kind of reasoning, where various alternatives are entertained and modified in light of progressively broader empirical coverage. Rather than focus on transmitting the details of complex theoretical superstructures, this textbook takes a practical, analytical approach, starting from a small set of powerful analytic tools, applied first to simple phenomena and then to the passive, complement and raising/control constructions. The analytic tools are then applied to unbounded dependencies, via detailed argumentation. What emerges is that syntactic structure, and intricate networks of dependencies linking different parts of those structures, are straightforward projections of lexical valence, in tandem with very general rules regulating the sharing of feature values. Featuring integrated exercises and problems throughout each chapter, this book equips students with the analytical tools for recognizing and assessing linguistic patterns.
Author: Udo Kuckartz
Publisher: SAGE
ISBN: 1446297764
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages : 193
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Book Description
How can you analyse narratives, interviews, field notes, or focus group data? Qualitative text analysis is ideal for these types of data and this textbook provides a hands-on introduction to the method and its theoretical underpinnings. It offers step-by-step instructions for implementing the three principal types of qualitative text analysis: thematic, evaluative, and type-building. Special attention is paid to how to present your results and use qualitative data analysis software packages, which are highly recommended for use in combination with qualitative text analysis since they allow for fast, reliable, and more accurate analysis. The book shows in detail how to use software, from transcribing the verbal data to presenting and visualizing the results. The book is intended for Master’s and Doctoral students across the social sciences and for all researchers concerned with the systematic analysis of texts of any kind.
