A Review of the Geology and Mining of the Kalahari Manganese Field PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download A Review of the Geology and Mining of the Kalahari Manganese Field PDF full book. Access full book title A Review of the Geology and Mining of the Kalahari Manganese Field by . Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
The manganese horizons of the Kalahari manganese field, in the north-western Cape Province, Republic of South Africa, are interlayered in the banded ironstones of the Voelwater Jasper Formation. Structurally, these rocks are located in the trough of the Dimoten syncline. Minerals encountered in the ore are mainly braunite, hausmannite, bixbyite, cryptomelane, and jacobsite. The location, history, and present status of the various mines operating within this field are discussed. These are the Hotazel, Devon, Langdon, Mamatwan, Middelplaats, Smartt, N'Chwaning, Wessels, and Black Rock Mines. The ore reserves within the manganese field, which are estimated to amount to 12 566 Mt, are of three types: (i) ores with high manganese and metal contents, (ii) ores with a low metal content but with a high manganese-to-iron ratio, and (iii) low-grade ores. Currently, South Africa produces 24 per cent of the total manganese requirements of the world. The ore is hard and, if of type (ii) or (iii) virtually self-fluxing because of its calcium carbonate content, and has a favourable manganese-to-iron ratio.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
The manganese horizons of the Kalahari manganese field, in the north-western Cape Province, Republic of South Africa, are interlayered in the banded ironstones of the Voelwater Jasper Formation. Structurally, these rocks are located in the trough of the Dimoten syncline. Minerals encountered in the ore are mainly braunite, hausmannite, bixbyite, cryptomelane, and jacobsite. The location, history, and present status of the various mines operating within this field are discussed. These are the Hotazel, Devon, Langdon, Mamatwan, Middelplaats, Smartt, N'Chwaning, Wessels, and Black Rock Mines. The ore reserves within the manganese field, which are estimated to amount to 12 566 Mt, are of three types: (i) ores with high manganese and metal contents, (ii) ores with a low metal content but with a high manganese-to-iron ratio, and (iii) low-grade ores. Currently, South Africa produces 24 per cent of the total manganese requirements of the world. The ore is hard and, if of type (ii) or (iii) virtually self-fluxing because of its calcium carbonate content, and has a favourable manganese-to-iron ratio.
Author: P. R. De Villiers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geology
Languages : en
Pages : 84
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Bruce Cairncross
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781920572884
Category : Geology
Languages : en
Pages : 384
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: B. Cairncross
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Manganese mines and mining
Languages : en
Pages : 262
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: P. R. De Villiers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cistecephalus
Languages : en
Pages : 802
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Sverre E. Olsen
Publisher: Tapir Academic Press
ISBN: 9788251921916
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 256
Get Book Here
Book Description
Progress in our knowledge of thermodynamics and physico-chemical factors in manganese ferroalloy production has developed rapidly during the past twenty-five years or so. The authors' intention has been to use this basic knowledge in discussions of industrial manganese ferroalloy production. The book presents the principles and current knowledge of processes in the production of high carbon ferromanganese, silicomanganese and low carbon manganese alloys. The book is intended for professionals working in production, plant design or development. It will also be useful for researchers in industry, universities and research institutes. The book can be used as a textbook for courses in extractive and process metallurgy, and for company in-house courses. Thermodynamics of the slag and metal systems are extensively covered. Computational modelling based on assessed thermochemical databases has made it possible to calculate and present a large number of phase and equilibrium diagrams. These diagrams are useful for easy understanding and analysis of the complex heterogeneous equilibria in the manganese ferroalloy metallurgy. The manganese ferroalloys are mainly produced in electric submerged arc furnaces. Electrical relations are briefly discussed. Supply of raw materials, especially manganese ores and coke, is extremely important for the manganese industry. The book gives the reader appropriate knowledge regarding the selection the best of available raw materials. Environmental issues, including greenhouse gas emissions and climate changes, are of growing concern to ferroalloy producers. Carbon will always be needed as a reducing agent, and consequently emission of CO2 gas is inevitable. The book describes solutions to dealing with pollution problems and gives the latest guidelines for greenhouse gas inventories.
Author: Council of Mining and Metallurgical Institutions. Congress
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Metallurgy
Languages : en
Pages : 508
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: K. J. Schulz
Publisher: Geological Survey
ISBN: 9781411339910
Category : Industrial minerals
Languages : en
Pages : 868
Get Book Here
Book Description
As the importance and dependence of specific mineral commodities increase, so does concern about their supply. The United States is currently 100 percent reliant on foreign sources for 20 mineral commodities and imports the majority of its supply of more than 50 mineral commodities. Mineral commodities that have important uses and face potential supply disruption are critical to American economic and national security. However, a mineral commodity's importance and the nature of its supply chain can change with time; a mineral commodity that may not have been considered critical 25 years ago may be critical today, and one considered critical today may not be so in the future. The U.S. Geological Survey has produced this volume to describe a select group of mineral commodities currently critical to our economy and security. For each mineral commodity covered, the authors provide a comprehensive look at (1) the commodity's use; (2) the geology and global distribution of the mineral deposit types that account for the present and possible future supply of the commodity; (3) the current status of production, reserves, and resources in the United States and globally; and (4) environmental considerations related to the commodity's production from different types of mineral deposits. The volume describes U.S. critical mineral resources in a global context, for no country can be self-sufficient for all its mineral commodity needs, and the United States will always rely on global mineral commodity supply chains. This volume provides the scientific understanding of critical mineral resources required for informed decisionmaking by those responsible for ensuring that the United States has a secure and sustainable supply of mineral commodities.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mineral industries
Languages : en
Pages : 1046
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Frank Stanton Simons
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geology
Languages : en
Pages : 318
Get Book Here
Book Description
A summary report prepared in cooperation with the Dirección de Montes, Minas, y Aquas, Ministerio de Agricultura, under the auspices of the Interdepartmental Conference on Scientific and Cultural Cooperation with the American Republics, Department of State.
