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Author: Michael Kremer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Book Description
Author: Michael Kremer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 56
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Anton Howes
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691207615
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 424
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Book Description
"For almost 300 years, an organisation has quietly tried to change almost every aspect of life in Britain. That organisation is the Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce, often known simply as the Royal Society of Arts. It has acted as Britain's private national improvement agency, in every way imaginable - essentially, a society for the improvement of everything and anything. This book is its history. From its beginnings in a coffee house in the mid-eighteenth century, the Society has tried to change Britain's art, industry, laws, music, environment, education, and even culture. It has sometimes even succeeded. It has been a prize-fund for innovations, a platform for Victorian utilitarian reformers, a convenor of disparate interest groups, and the focal point for social movements. There has never been an organisation quite like it, constantly having to reinvent itself to find something new to improve. The book rewrites many of the old official histories of the Society and updates them to the present day, incorporating over half a century of further research into the periods they covered, along with new insights into the organisation's evolution. The book reveals the hidden and often surprising history of how a few public-spirited people tried to make their country better, offering lessons from their triumphs and their failures for all would-be reformers today"--
Author: Ben Depoorter
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1789903998
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 1441
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Book Description
Both law and economics and intellectual property law have expanded dramatically in tandem over recent decades. This field-defining two-volume Handbook, featuring the leading legal, empirical, and law and economics scholars studying intellectual property rights, provides wide-ranging and in-depth analysis both of the economic theory underpinning intellectual property law, and the use of analytical methods to study it.
Author: Jason Potts
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190937513
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 281
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Book Description
Innovation is among the most important topics in understanding economic sustained economic growth. Jason Potts argues that the initial stages of innovation require cooperation under uncertainty and draws from insights on the solving of commons problems to shed light on policies and conditions conducive to the creation of new firms and industries. The problems of innovation commons are overcome, Potts shows, when there are governance institutions that incentivize cooperation, thereby facilitating the pooling of distributed information, knowledge, and other inputs. The entrepreneurial discovery of an economic opportunity is thus an emergent institution resulting from the formation of a cooperative group, under conditions of extreme uncertainty, working toward the mutual purpose of opportunity discovery about a nascent technology or new idea. Among the problems commons address are those of the identity; cooperation; consent; monitoring; punishment; and independence. A commons is efficient compared to the creation of alternative economic institutions that involve extensive contracting and networks, private property rights and price signals, or public goods (i.e. firms, markets, and governments). In other words, the origin of innovation is not entrepreneurial action per se, but the creation of a common pool resource from which entrepreneurs can discover opportunities. Potts' framework draws on the evolutionary theory of cooperation and institutional theory of the commons. It also has important implications for understanding the origin of firms and industries, and for the design of innovation policy. Beginning with a discussion of problems of knowledge and coordination as well as their implications for common pool environments, the book then explores instances of innovation commons and the lifecycle of innovation, including increased institutionalization and rigidness. Potts also discusses the possible implications of the commons framework for policies to sustain innovation dynamics.
Author: Michael Kremer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Inventions
Languages : en
Pages : 74
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Book Description
In 1839, the French government purchased the patent on the Daguerreotype process and placed it in the public domain. This paper examines a mechanism under which governments would use an auction to estimate the private value of patents and then offer to buy out patents at this private value, times a fixed markup. The markup would correspond to the estimated typical ratio of the social and private values of inventions -- perhaps two. Most patents purchased would be placed in the public domain, but in order to induce bidders to reveal their valuations patents would be sold to the highest bidder. Such patent buy-outs could eliminate monopoly price distortions and incentives for wasteful reverse engineering, while raising private incentives for original research closer to their social value. However, patent buy-outs are potentially vulnerable to collusion. Patent buy-outs may be particularly appropriate for pharmaceuticals.
Author: Jeff DeGraff
Publisher: Berrett-Koehler Publishers
ISBN: 1523084774
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 159
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Book Description
Using vivid examples, this rigorous but highly accessible guide offers four steps to normalize conflict and channel it to develop breakthrough innovations that are both good for you and your customers. --
Author: World Intellectual Property Organization
Publisher: WIPO
ISBN: 9280523082
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 259
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Book Description
This study has emerged from an ongoing program of trilateral cooperation between WHO, WTO and WIPO. It responds to an increasing demand, particularly in developing countries, for strengthened capacity for informed policy-making in areas of intersection between health, trade and IP, focusing on access to and innovation of medicines and other medical technologies.
Author: Robert E. Evenson
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080545270
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 847
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Book Description
Volume 3 of this series of the Handbooks in Economics follows on from the previous two volumes by focusing on the fundamental concepts of agricultural economics. The first part of the volume examines the developments in human resources and technology mastery. The second part follows on by considering the processes and impact of invention and innovation in this field. The effects of market forces are examined in the third part, and the volume concludes by analysing the economics of our changing natural resources, including the past effects of climate change.Overall this volume forms a comprehensive and accessible survey of the field of agricultural economics and is recommended reading for anyone with an interest, either academic or professional, in this area.*Part of the renown Handbooks in Economics series*Contributors are leaders of their areas*International in scope and comprehensive in coverage
Author: Patricia M. Danzon
Publisher: OUP USA
ISBN: 0199742995
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 618
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Book Description
This volume examines the economics of the biopharmaceutical industry, with eighteen chapters by health economists.
Author: Bronwyn H. Hall
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080931111
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 803
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Book Description
Economists examine the genesis of technological change and the ways we commercialize and diffuse it. The economics of property rights and patents, in addition to industry applications, are also surveyed through literature reviews and predictions about fruitful research directions. Two volumes, available as a set or sold separately - Expert articles consider the best ways to establish optimal incentives in technological progress - Science and innovation, both their theories and applications, are examined at the intersections of the marketplace, policy, and social welfare - Economists are only part of an audience that includes attorneys, educators, and anyone involved in new technologies
