A Mathematical Model of the Human Thermal System PDF Download
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Author: Eda Didem Yıldırım
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Body temperature
Languages : en
Pages : 374
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Book Description
Mathematical model of the human thermal system, which has been greatly developed in recent years, has applications in many areas. It is used to evaluate the environmental conditions in buildings, in car industry, in textile industries, in the aerospace industry, in meteorology, in medicine, and in military applications. In these disciplines, the model can serve for research into human performance, thermal acceptability and temperature sensation, safety limits. Present study investigates the mathematical modeling of the passive part of the human thermal system. The Bio-Heat Equation is derived in order to solve the heat transfer phenomena in the tissue and with environment. It is assumed that the body is exposed to combination of the convection, evaporation and radiation which are taken into account as boundary conditions when solving the Bio-Heat Equation. Finite difference technique is used in order to find out the temperature distribution of human body. The derived equation by numerical method is solved by written software called Bio-Thermal. Bio-Thermal, is used to determine temperature distribution at succeeding time step of the viscera, lung, brain all tissue type of the torso, neck, head, leg, foot, arm, hand, and mean temperature of torso, neck, head, leg, foot, arm, hand. Additionally, for overall body, mean temperature of the bone tissue, muscle tissue, fat tissue, and skin tissue and mean temperature of the total body can be obtained by Bio-Thermal Software. Also, the software is to be capable of demonstrating the sectional view of the various body limbs and full human body. In order to verify the present study, predictions of the present system model are compared with the available experimental data and analytical solution and show good agreement is achieved.
Author: Eda Didem Yıldırım
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Body temperature
Languages : en
Pages : 374
Get Book Here
Book Description
Mathematical model of the human thermal system, which has been greatly developed in recent years, has applications in many areas. It is used to evaluate the environmental conditions in buildings, in car industry, in textile industries, in the aerospace industry, in meteorology, in medicine, and in military applications. In these disciplines, the model can serve for research into human performance, thermal acceptability and temperature sensation, safety limits. Present study investigates the mathematical modeling of the passive part of the human thermal system. The Bio-Heat Equation is derived in order to solve the heat transfer phenomena in the tissue and with environment. It is assumed that the body is exposed to combination of the convection, evaporation and radiation which are taken into account as boundary conditions when solving the Bio-Heat Equation. Finite difference technique is used in order to find out the temperature distribution of human body. The derived equation by numerical method is solved by written software called Bio-Thermal. Bio-Thermal, is used to determine temperature distribution at succeeding time step of the viscera, lung, brain all tissue type of the torso, neck, head, leg, foot, arm, hand, and mean temperature of torso, neck, head, leg, foot, arm, hand. Additionally, for overall body, mean temperature of the bone tissue, muscle tissue, fat tissue, and skin tissue and mean temperature of the total body can be obtained by Bio-Thermal Software. Also, the software is to be capable of demonstrating the sectional view of the various body limbs and full human body. In order to verify the present study, predictions of the present system model are compared with the available experimental data and analytical solution and show good agreement is achieved.
Author: EUGENE H. WISSLER
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 1
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Book Description
THE LATEST IN A SERIES OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR THE HUMAN THERMAL SYSTEM ARE DESCRIBED. In preparing this model, finite-difference techniques to solve the heat conduction equation were used. Since numerial techniques were used, it was possible to include many more factors in this model than in the previous ones. The body was divided into fifteen geometric regions, which were the head, the thorax, the abdomen, and the proximal, medial, and distal segments of the arms and legs. Axial gradients in a given segment were neglected. In each segment, the large arteries and veins were approximated by an arterial pool and a venous pool which were distributed radially throughout the segment. Accumulation of heat in the blood of the large arteries and veins and heat transfer from the large arteries and veins to the surrounding tissue were taken into account. The venous streams were collected together at the heart before flowing into the capillaries of the lungs. Each of the segments was subdivided into fifteen radial sections, thereby allowing considerable freedom in the assignment of physical properties such as thermal conductivity and rate of blood flow to the capillaries. (Author).
Author: Liang-tseng Fan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Body temperature
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
The literature on mathematical models of the human thermal system is reviewed and classified. The models are tabulated in chronological order for convenience of the readers. (Author).
Author: Michael David Nelson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Body temperature
Languages : en
Pages : 108
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Book Description
Author: EUGENE H. WISSLER
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783662585962
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 440
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Book Description
The principal objective of this book is to provide information needed to define human thermal behavior quantitatively. Human thermal physiology is defined using mathematical methods routinely employed by physicists and engineers, but seldom used by physiologists. Major sections of the book are devoted to blood flow, sweating, shivering, heat transfer within the body, and heat and mass transfer from skin and clothing to the environment. Simple algebraic models based on experimental data from a century of physiological investigation are developed for bodily processes. The book offers an invaluable source of information for physiologists and physical scientists interested in quantitative approaches to the fascinating field of human thermoregulation.
Author: EUGENE H. WISSLER
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 1
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Book Description
The synthesis of an adequate mathematical model for the human thermal system must include the following factors: (1) the manner in which heat generated by metabolic reactions is distributed throughout the body, (2) conduction of heat ue to thermal gradients, (3) convection of heat by circulating blood, (4) the geometry of the body, (5) the relatively low thermal conductivity of the superficial layer of fat and skin, (6) countercurrent heat exchange between large arteries and veins, (7) heat loss through the respiratory tract, (8) sweating, (9) shivering, (10) the storage of heat, and (11) the condition of the environment, including its temperature, motion relative to the body, and relative humidity. This report describes the progress which was made on the synthesis of such a model. (Author).
Author: Frank T. Hsu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Body temperature
Languages : en
Pages : 43
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Book Description
A mathematical model of the human thermal system under steady state conditions is formulated by using six cylindrical elements representing longitudinal segments of the head, torso, arms, and legs to approximate the human body. The model allows the use of different physiological parameters such as local rate of metabolic heat generation and local blood flow rate in various locations of an element. The regional variations of the physiological parameters are also taken into consideration. A set of ordinary differential equations representing the thermal behavior of all elements are approximated by a set of algebraic equations which resulted from the application of the explicit forward finite difference method. Specifically twenty-eight linear algebraic simultaneous equations are obtained by using five grid points in the spacial coordinate of each element. The model is then simulated for a number of steady state environmental conditions. (Author).
Author: Pekka Piironen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 74
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Book Description
Elaboration of mathematical analogues for the human thermal system implies that various simplified, steady-state and dynamic, heat transfer situations are experimentally mastered with full repeatability. In a stable thermal environment, the high thermal time constants of peripheral tissues and individual structural and functional differences impede the achievement of comparable and reproducible stationary and dynamic heat transfer situations in the organism at rest and during exercise. However, by active governing of the skin temperature, the establishment of steady states can be greatly accelerated and the development of desired dynamic states is under control. The aim of the study was to develop a set of equipment for regional controlling of skin temperatures and equipment for measuring the external heat exchange of the different parts of the body. The methods and equipment have been applied in testing a simple mathematical model which was worked out to describe the passive part of human heat transfer system. (Author).
Author: J. A. J. Stolwijk
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Body temperature
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Author: Abram S. Dorfman
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119320569
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 458
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Book Description
Applications of mathematical heat transfer and fluid flow models in engineering and medicine Abram S. Dorfman, University of Michigan, USA Engineering and medical applications of cutting-edge heat and flow models This book presents innovative efficient methods in fluid flow and heat transfer developed and widely used over the last fifty years. The analysis is focused on mathematical models which are an essential part of any research effort as they demonstrate the validity of the results obtained. The universality of mathematics allows consideration of engineering and biological problems from one point of view using similar models. In this book, the current situation of applications of modern mathematical models is outlined in three parts. Part I offers in depth coverage of the applications of contemporary conjugate heat transfer models in various industrial and technological processes, from aerospace and nuclear reactors to drying and food processing. In Part II the theory and application of two recently developed models in fluid flow are considered: the similar conjugate model for simulation of biological systems, including flows in human organs, and applications of the latest developments in turbulence simulation by direct solution of Navier-Stokes equations, including flows around aircraft. Part III proposes fundamentals of laminar and turbulent flows and applied mathematics methods. The discussion is complimented by 365 examples selected from a list of 448 cited papers, 239 exercises and 136 commentaries. Key features: Peristaltic flows in normal and pathologic human organs. Modeling flows around aircraft at high Reynolds numbers. Special mathematical exercises allow the reader to complete expressions derivation following directions from the text. Procedure for preliminary choice between conjugate and common simple methods for particular problem solutions. Criterions of conjugation, definition of semi-conjugate solutions. This book is an ideal reference for graduate and post-graduate students and engineers.
