Author: Henry F Cooper (Jr)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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A Semiempirical technique, utilizing the methods of geometrical optics, is used to examine the effect of geologic layering on the surface peak particle velocity associated with the direct compressional wave produced by underground nuclear explosions. This geometric technique is different from former 'ray' techniques in that it accounts for the curvature of the wave front, i.e., the divergence of the rays, as well as the distance the wave travels. Data from contained nuclear explosions in 'homogeneous' media are used to determine the relationship between the peak particle velocity and the divergence of the rays. This empirical relationship is then used for layered media, where the divergence of the rays is determined by the methods of geometrical optics, to predict the free-surface peak particle velocity. The required transmission and reflection factors are currently taken from the theory of elastic wave propagation. Several parametric studies and comparisons with data from experiments in layered media are presented. It is found that a number of previously unexplained departures from what was measured and what might intuitively be expected are qualitatively and sometimes quantitatively predicted by this technique. It is emphasized that layering between the source and the free surface (which usually occurs) can have a profound and deceiving effect on the surface motion, and, therefore, it should not be neglected in any prediction technique. (Author).
Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Shock (Mechanics)
Languages : en
Pages : 476
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Author: Defense Documentation Center (U.S.)
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ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 784
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Author: Charles M. Snell
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ISBN:
Category : Blast effect
Languages : en
Pages : 84
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Author: Charles M. Snell
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ISBN:
Category : Cratering
Languages : en
Pages : 588
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Book Description
Research has recently been conducted on the use of large buried chemical explosive charges for engineering excavation. Investigations in this area were initially concerned with crater formation in relatively homogeneous rock media, a process which is now well understood. However, it has become apparent that the greatest cost and operational advantages may be realized by applying the technique to rock excavation in an underwater environment. Cratering dynamics in an underwater (two-layer) configuration have not been well understood. Small-scale modeling tests and large-scale excavation projects have revealed two new factors which significantly influence underwater cratering processes: (1) early-time dynamic effects caused by the presence of the rock-water interface and water layer; and (2) very late-time water washback and slope failure effects in the crater vicinity. The report addresses the first of these two effects by means of hydrodynamic computer calculations.
Author: E. E. Jaramillo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Earth movements
Languages : en
Pages : 30
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Author: Paul R. Beaudet
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Seismic waves
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Nuclear energy
Languages : en
Pages : 1142
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 938
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1014
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