A Functional Genomics Investigation of Clinically Relevant Heat-stress in Clostridium Difficile Strain 630 PDF Download
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Author: Shailesh Jain
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Clostridium difficile has raised significant public concern over the past few decades owing to its emergence as a serious and life-threatening nosocomial pathogen. C. difficile-associated disease is often precipitated due to persistent use of broad-spectrum antibiotics which eventually disrupts the normal colonic micro flora thereby promoting the spread of this toxin- producing organism. There are several classical signs and symptoms associated with C. difficile infection including profuse diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, nausea, and fever. The main objective of this investigation was to employ a systems biology approach in order to assess the response of C. difficile strain 630 when exposed to a clinically relevant heat-stress (4l0C relative to 37°C). This was achieved by carrying out gel-based and gel-free proteomic techniques to characterise the soluble subproteome of this bacterium. Several differentially expressed proteins were hence identified, functionally categorised, and physiochemically characterised which made it possible to comment upon the biochemistry of this organism when exposed to heat-stress conditions. Subsequently, in order to complement our proteomics dataset, whole-genome microarrays were performed to gain a transcriptomic overview of the same heat-stress response of C. difficile. Upon data analysis, it was revealed that in addition to several others, the gene expression and protein abundance levels of classical molecular chaperones such as GroEL and DnaK were significantly modulated. Therefore, genes encoding these chaperones were then targeted to attempt and isolate knockout mutants of C. difficile in order to assess the impact of such a disruption upon the overall physiology of this organism. The results obtained from this systems biology investigation provide a comprehensive overview of the heat-stress response of C. difficile and additionally reveals the importance of certain genes in maintaining cellular homeostasis not only upon exposing the organism to stressful environments, but also under optimal growth conditions.
Author: Shailesh Jain
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Clostridium difficile has raised significant public concern over the past few decades owing to its emergence as a serious and life-threatening nosocomial pathogen. C. difficile-associated disease is often precipitated due to persistent use of broad-spectrum antibiotics which eventually disrupts the normal colonic micro flora thereby promoting the spread of this toxin- producing organism. There are several classical signs and symptoms associated with C. difficile infection including profuse diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, nausea, and fever. The main objective of this investigation was to employ a systems biology approach in order to assess the response of C. difficile strain 630 when exposed to a clinically relevant heat-stress (4l0C relative to 37°C). This was achieved by carrying out gel-based and gel-free proteomic techniques to characterise the soluble subproteome of this bacterium. Several differentially expressed proteins were hence identified, functionally categorised, and physiochemically characterised which made it possible to comment upon the biochemistry of this organism when exposed to heat-stress conditions. Subsequently, in order to complement our proteomics dataset, whole-genome microarrays were performed to gain a transcriptomic overview of the same heat-stress response of C. difficile. Upon data analysis, it was revealed that in addition to several others, the gene expression and protein abundance levels of classical molecular chaperones such as GroEL and DnaK were significantly modulated. Therefore, genes encoding these chaperones were then targeted to attempt and isolate knockout mutants of C. difficile in order to assess the impact of such a disruption upon the overall physiology of this organism. The results obtained from this systems biology investigation provide a comprehensive overview of the heat-stress response of C. difficile and additionally reveals the importance of certain genes in maintaining cellular homeostasis not only upon exposing the organism to stressful environments, but also under optimal growth conditions.
Author: Meina Neumann-Schaal
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832515037
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 319
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Book Description
Author: Leslie Neal-Boylan
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118277856
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 432
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Book Description
Clinical Case Studies for the Family Nurse Practitioner is a key resource for advanced practice nurses and graduate students seeking to test their skills in assessing, diagnosing, and managing cases in family and primary care. Composed of more than 70 cases ranging from common to unique, the book compiles years of experience from experts in the field. It is organized chronologically, presenting cases from neonatal to geriatric care in a standard approach built on the SOAP format. This includes differential diagnosis and a series of critical thinking questions ideal for self-assessment or classroom use.
Author: Brian D. Gulbransen
Publisher: Biota Publishing
ISBN: 1615046615
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex neural network embedded in the gut wall that orchestrates the reflex behaviors of the intestine. The ENS is often referred to as the “little brain” in the gut because the ENS is more similar in size, complexity and autonomy to the central nervous system (CNS) than other components of the autonomic nervous system. Like the brain, the ENS is composed of neurons that are surrounded by glial cells. Enteric glia are a unique type of peripheral glia that are similar to astrocytes of the CNS. Yet enteric glial cells also differ from astrocytes in many important ways. The roles of enteric glial cell populations in the gut are beginning to come to light and recent evidence implicates enteric glia in almost every aspect of gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology. However, elucidating the exact mechanisms by which enteric glia influence gastrointestinal physiology and identifying how those roles are altered during gastrointestinal pathophysiology remain areas of intense research. The purpose of this e-book is to provide an introduction to enteric glial cells and to act as a resource for ongoing studies on this fascinating population of glia. Table of Contents: Introduction / A Historical Perspective on Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia: The Astroglia of the Gut / Molecular Composition of Enteric Glia / Development of Enteric Glia / Functional Roles of Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia and Disease Processes in the Gut / Concluding Remarks / References / Author Biography
Author: Adam P. Roberts
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781493963614
Category : Biomedicine
Languages : en
Pages : 292
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Book Description
"This second edition provides 21 new chapters on methods used in laboratories for investigating the physiology and molecular genetics of the pathogen Clostridium difficile. Chapters detail up-to -date experimental techniques for gene editing and transcriptional analysis which are used to investigate the fundamental biology of the organism and its virulence factors. Additional chapters describe development of potential new treatments including vaccines, bacteriophage and faecal transplantation. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Clostridium difficile: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition provides a comprehensive catalogue of molecular tools and techniques authored by the researchers who have developed them." -- OCLC.
Author: Peter Duerre
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 113550198X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1451
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Book Description
Clostridia is one of the largest bacterial genera with an enormous potential for biotechnical and medical applications. Despite growing scientific, medical, and industrial interest, information on basic methods, biochemical fundamentals, clinical practice, industrial applications, and novel developments remains scattered in a variety of research ar
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309264324
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 633
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Book Description
Beginning with the germ theory of disease in the 19th century and extending through most of the 20th century, microbes were believed to live their lives as solitary, unicellular, disease-causing organisms . This perception stemmed from the focus of most investigators on organisms that could be grown in the laboratory as cellular monocultures, often dispersed in liquid, and under ambient conditions of temperature, lighting, and humidity. Most such inquiries were designed to identify microbial pathogens by satisfying Koch's postulates.3 This pathogen-centric approach to the study of microorganisms produced a metaphorical "war" against these microbial invaders waged with antibiotic therapies, while simultaneously obscuring the dynamic relationships that exist among and between host organisms and their associated microorganisms-only a tiny fraction of which act as pathogens. Despite their obvious importance, very little is actually known about the processes and factors that influence the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities. Gaining this knowledge will require a seismic shift away from the study of individual microbes in isolation to inquiries into the nature of diverse and often complex microbial communities, the forces that shape them, and their relationships with other communities and organisms, including their multicellular hosts. On March 6 and 7, 2012, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop to explore the emerging science of the "social biology" of microbial communities. Workshop presentations and discussions embraced a wide spectrum of topics, experimental systems, and theoretical perspectives representative of the current, multifaceted exploration of the microbial frontier. Participants discussed ecological, evolutionary, and genetic factors contributing to the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities; how microbial communities adapt and respond to environmental stimuli; theoretical and experimental approaches to advance this nascent field; and potential applications of knowledge gained from the study of microbial communities for the improvement of human, animal, plant, and ecosystem health and toward a deeper understanding of microbial diversity and evolution. The Social Biology of Microbial Communities: Workshop Summary further explains the happenings of the workshop.
Author: Sándor Suhai
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0306468239
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 246
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Book Description
Genome research will certainly be one of the most important and exciting sci- tific disciplines of the 21st century. Deciphering the structure of the human genome, as well as that of several model organisms, is the key to our understanding how genes fu- tion in health and disease. With the combined development of innovativetools, resources, scientific know-how, and an overall functional genomic strategy, the origins of human and other organisms’geneticdiseases can be traced. Scientificresearch groups and dev- opmental departments of several major pharmaceutical and biotechnological companies are using new, innovative strategies to unravel how genes function, elucidating the gene protein product, understanding how genes interact with others-both in health and in the disease state. Presently, the impact of the applications of genome research on our society in medicine, agriculture and nutrition will be comparable only to that of communication technologies. In fact, computational methods, including networking, have been playing a substantial role even in genomics and proteomics from the beginning. We can observe, however, a fundamental change of the paradigm in life sciences these days: research focused until now mostly on the study of single processes related to a few genes or gene products, but due to technical developments of the last years we can now potentially identify and analyze all genes and gene products of an organism and clarify their role in the network of lifeprocesses.
Author: Alexander Mathys
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889630331
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Book Description
Author: Ronald G. Labbé
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118684834
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 498
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Book Description
Guide to Foodborne Pathogens covers pathogens—bacteria, viruses, and parasites—that are most commonly responsible for foodborne illness. An essential guide for anyone in the food industry, research, or regulation who needs to ensure or enforce food safety, the guide delves into the nature of illnesses, the epidemiology of pathogens, and current detection, prevention, and control methods. The guide further includes chapters on new technologies for microbial detection and the globalization of the food supply, seafood toxins, and other miscellaneous agents.
