3D Hydrodynamic, Temperature, and Water Quality Numerical Model for Surface Waterbodies PDF Download
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrodynamics
Languages : en
Pages : 250
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Book Description
Numerical modeling has become a major tool for managing water quality in surface waterbodies such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and estuaries. Since the two-dimensional longitudinal/vertical model CE-QUAL-W2 is a well-known model and it has been applied to thousands of waterbodies around the world successfully, its numerical scheme was adapted to develop a new three-dimensional numerical model for simulating hydrodynamics, temperature, and water quality in surface waterbodies.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrodynamics
Languages : en
Pages : 250
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Book Description
Numerical modeling has become a major tool for managing water quality in surface waterbodies such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and estuaries. Since the two-dimensional longitudinal/vertical model CE-QUAL-W2 is a well-known model and it has been applied to thousands of waterbodies around the world successfully, its numerical scheme was adapted to develop a new three-dimensional numerical model for simulating hydrodynamics, temperature, and water quality in surface waterbodies.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrodynamics
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
A three-dimensional numerical model was developed to simulate hydrodynamic, temperature, and water quality distributions in rivers and lakes. In an attempt to get rid of the extra approximation and complexity, no coordinate transformation has been done and z-coordinate system has been employed. The governing equations are the continuity equation, free surface equation, momentum equations, and conservation equations of temperature and water quality. The model employs the time splitting technique which allows splitting the directions in which we end with two-dimensional governing equations and eventually the solution ends with a tri-diagonal matrix, which is easily solved by Thomas algorithm. The first step after developing a numerical model and before adding more features or applying the model to a real case, the model should be verified. The verification of the model was done by implementing the model to known solutions test cases in additional to evaluating whether the code preserves fluid mass. A series of test cases is performed by comparing the model results with the analytical solutions as proposed by many modelers. The model showed good agreement between the analytical and the numerical solution.
Author: Daniela Malcangio
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789230446
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 142
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Book Description
With the growth of urbanization, industrialization, and intensive agricultural practices, all superficial, inland, and marine water bodies have become the repository for large quantities of every type of substance extraneous to the natural aquatic environment. The knowledge of hydrodynamics becomes crucial in this context, as it is the driving mechanism for the movement and transport of these matters and of sediments that become collectors of these substances, in a surface water system. The best way to understand these natural processes is via examples and case studies. This book deals with practical studies of hydrodynamic processes through physical and numerical models. Researchers, together with practicing engineers, will find this book useful in making a rapid assessment of different environmental water body problems.
Author: Zhen-Gang Ji
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118877152
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 612
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Book Description
The primary reference for the modeling of hydrodynamics and water quality in rivers, lake, estuaries, coastal waters, and wetlands This comprehensive text perfectly illustrates the principles, basic processes, mathematical descriptions, case studies, and practical applications associated with surface waters. It focuses on solving practical problems in rivers, lakes, estuaries, coastal waters, and wetlands. Most of the theories and technical approaches presented within have been implemented in mathematical models and applied to solve practical problems. Throughout the book, case studies are presented to demonstrate how the basic theories and technical approaches are implemented into models, and how these models are applied to solve practical environmental/water resources problems. This new edition of Hydrodynamics and Water Quality: Modeling Rivers, Lakes, and Estuaries has been updated with more than 40% new information. It features several new chapters, including one devoted to shallow water processes in wetlands as well as another focused on extreme value theory and environmental risk analysis. It is also supplemented with a new website that provides files needed for sample applications, such as source codes, executable codes, input files, output files, model manuals, reports, technical notes, and utility programs. This new edition of the book: Includes more than 120 new/updated figures and 450 references Covers state-of-the-art hydrodynamics, sediment transport, toxics fate and transport, and water quality in surface waters Provides essential and updated information on mathematical models Focuses on how to solve practical problems in surface waters—presenting basic theories and technical approaches so that mathematical models can be understood and applied to simulate processes in surface waters Hailed as “a great addition to any university library” by the Journal of the American Water Resources Association (July 2009), Hydrodynamics and Water Quality, Second Edition is an essential reference for practicing engineers, scientists, and water resource managers worldwide.
Author: Hussein A. M. Al-Zubaidi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The hydrodynamic numerical modeling is increasingly becoming a widely used tool for simulating the surface waterbodies including rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. A challenging step in any model development is the verification tests, especially at the early stage of development. In this study, a unique approach was developed by implementing the volume balance principle in order to verify the three-dimensional hydrodynamic models for surface waterbody simulation. A developed and verified three-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model, called W3, was employed by setting a case study model to be verified using the volume balance technique. The model was qualified by calculating the error in the accumulated water volume within the domain every time step. Results showed that the volume balance reached a constant error over the simulation period, indicating a robust model setup.
Author: Zhen-Gang Ji
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119371937
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 614
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Book Description
The primary reference for the modeling of hydrodynamics and water quality in rivers, lake, estuaries, coastal waters, and wetlands This comprehensive text perfectly illustrates the principles, basic processes, mathematical descriptions, case studies, and practical applications associated with surface waters. It focuses on solving practical problems in rivers, lakes, estuaries, coastal waters, and wetlands. Most of the theories and technical approaches presented within have been implemented in mathematical models and applied to solve practical problems. Throughout the book, case studies are presented to demonstrate how the basic theories and technical approaches are implemented into models, and how these models are applied to solve practical environmental/water resources problems. This new edition of Hydrodynamics and Water Quality: Modeling Rivers, Lakes, and Estuaries has been updated with more than 40% new information. It features several new chapters, including one devoted to shallow water processes in wetlands as well as another focused on extreme value theory and environmental risk analysis. It is also supplemented with a new website that provides files needed for sample applications, such as source codes, executable codes, input files, output files, model manuals, reports, technical notes, and utility programs. This new edition of the book: Includes more than 120 new/updated figures and 450 references Covers state-of-the-art hydrodynamics, sediment transport, toxics fate and transport, and water quality in surface waters Provides essential and updated information on mathematical models Focuses on how to solve practical problems in surface waters—presenting basic theories and technical approaches so that mathematical models can be understood and applied to simulate processes in surface waters Hailed as “a great addition to any university library” by the Journal of the American Water Resources Association (July 2009), Hydrodynamics and Water Quality, Second Edition is an essential reference for practicing engineers, scientists, and water resource managers worldwide.
Author: Steven C. Chapra
Publisher: Waveland Press
ISBN: 1478608307
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 865
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Book Description
National and international interest in finding rational and economical approaches to water-quality management is at an all-time high. Insightful application of mathematical models, attention to their underlying assumptions, and practical sampling and statistical tools are essential to maximize a successful approach to water-quality modeling. Chapra has organized this user-friendly text in a lecture format to engage students who want to assimilate information in manageable units. Comical examples and literary quotes interspersed throughout the text motivate readers to view the material in the proper context. Coverage includes the necessary issues of surface water modeling, such as reaction kinetics, mixed versus nonmixed systems, and a variety of possible contaminants and indicators; environments commonly encountered in water-quality modeling; model calibration, verification, and sensitivity analysis; and major water-quality-modeling problems. Most formulations and techniques are accompanied by an explanation of their origin and/or theoretical basis. Although the book points toward numerical, computer-oriented applications, strong use is made of analytical solutions. In addition, the text includes extensive worked examples that relate theory to applications and illustrate the mechanics and subtleties of the computations.
Author: Amir Javaheri
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bodies of water
Languages : en
Pages : 100
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Book Description
Numerical models are effective tools for simulating complex physical processes such as hydrodynamic and water quality processes in aquatic systems. The accuracy of the model is dependent on multiple model parameters and variables that need to be calibrated and regularly updated to reproduce changing aquatic conditions accurately. Multi-sensor water temperature observations, such as remote sensing data and in situ monitoring technologies, can improve model accuracy by providing benefits of individual monitoring technology to the model updating process. In contrast to in-situ temperature sensors, remote sensing technologies (e.g., satellites) provide the benefit of collecting measurements with better X-Y spatial coverage. However, the temporal resolution of satellite data is limited comparing to in-situ measurements. Numerical models and all source of observations have large uncertainty coming from different sources such as errors of approximation and truncation, uncertain model inputs, error in measuring devices and etc. Data assimilation (DA) is able to sequentially update the model state variables by considering the uncertainty in model and observations and estimate the model states and outputs more accurately. Data Assimilation has been proposed for multiple water resources studies that require rapid employment of incoming observations to update and improve accuracy of operational prediction models. The usefulness of DA approaches in assimilating water temperature observations from different types of monitoring technologies (e.g., remote sensing and in-situ sensors) into numerical models of in-land water bodies (e.g., reservoirs, lakes, and rivers) has, however, received limited attention. Assimilating of water temperature measurements from satellites can introduce biases in the updated numerical model of water bodies because the physical region represented by these measurements do not directly correspond with the numerical model's representation of the water column. The main research objective of this study is to efficiently assimilate multi-sensor water temperature data into the hydrodynamic model of water bodies in order to improve the model accuracy. Four specific objectives were addressed in this work to accomplish the overall goal: * Objective 1: Propose a novel approach to address the representation challenge of model and measurements by coupling a skin temperature adjustment technique based on available air and in-situ water temperature observations, with an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) based data assimilation technique for reservoirs and lakes. * Objective 2: Investigate whether assimilation of remotely sensed temperature observations using the proposed data fusion approach can improve model accuracy with respect to in-situ temperature observations as well as remote sensing data. * Objective 3: Investigate a global sensitivity analysis tool that combines Latin-hypercube and one-factor-at-a-time sampling to investigate the most sensitive model inputs and parameters in calculating the water age and water temperature of shallow rivers. * Objective 4: Propose an efficient data assimilation framework to take the advantage of both monitoring technologies (e.g., remote sensing and in-situ measurements) to improve the model efficiency of shallow rivers. Results showed that the proposed adjustment approach used in this study for four-dimensional analysis of a reservoir provides reasonably accurate surface layer and water column temperature forecasts, in spite of the use of a fairly small ensemble. Assimilation of adjusted remote sensing data using ensemble Kalman Filter technique improved the overall root mean square difference between modeled surface layer temperatures and the adjusted remotely sensed skin temperature observations from 5.6 °C to 0.51 °C (i.e., 91% improvement). In addition, the overall error in the water column temperature predictions when compared with in-situ observations also decreased from 1.95 °C (before assimilation) to 1.42 °C (after assimilation), thereby, giving a 27% improvement in errors. In contrast, doing data assimilation without the proposed temperature adjustment would have increased this error to 1.98 °C (i.e., 1.5% deterioration). The most effective parameters to calculate water temperature were investigated and perturbed among the acceptable range to create the ensembles. Results show that water temperature is more sensitive to inflow temperature, air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, flow rate, and wet bulb temperature respectively. Results also show in contrast to in-situ data assimilation, remote sensing data assimilation was able to effectively improve the spatial error of the model. Assimilation of in-situ observation improved the model efficiency at observation site. However, the model error increased by time and after less than two days, the model predictions of updated model were the same as base model before data assimilation. Hence, a maximum acceptable error between model and measurements was defined based on the application of model. Remote sensing data were assimilated into the model as they become available to improve the model accuracy for the entire river. In-situ data were also assimilated into the model when the error between model and observations exceeds the maximum error. Results showed that by assimilation of in-situ data one to three times per day, the average daily error reduced up to 58% comparing to situation that in-situ data were assimilated only once. In addition, the average spatial error reduced from 2.59 °C to 0.66 °C after assimilation of remote sensing data.
Author: Ching Jen Chen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrologic models
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrodynamics
Languages : en
Pages : 295
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Book Description
CE-QUAL-W2 is a 2-D hydrodynamic and water quality model that has been applied to reservoirs, lakes, river systems, and estuaries throughout the world. However, when this model is applied for shallow systems, this model requires a long calculation time to maintain numerical stability, compared to applications of reservoirs or deeper river systems. To solve this problem, a new hydrodynamic and temperature model was built based on the framework of CE-QUAL-W2 but that allows for steady-state hydrodynamic computations. By calculating the hydrodynamics at steady-state, the time step for stability is relaxed and simulations can proceed at much higher time steps. The rest of the model framework is still used for water quality state variables, in this case, temperature. The algorithm used for computing the water surface elevation is Manning's equation. This thesis study is one part of the Willamette Water 2100 project (Santelmann et al., 2012), which examines hydrological, ecological, and human factors affecting water scarcity in the Willamette River Basin. This study included three stages: (1) Convert six existing CE-QUAL-W2 V3.1 models into a newer version: CE-QUAL-W2 V3.7. (2) Develop the steady-state model code in FORTRAN. (3) Test the steady-state model on three river systems in the Willamette River Basin at Year 2001 and 2002. The result proved that the steady-state model could reduce the computing time by 90% for river applications, while predicting dynamic river temperature with high accuracy at a two-minute time scale. This new model will be employed to simulate the future of the Willamette River System at a decadal or centennial timescales, addressing river temperature concerns and fish habitat issues.
