Author: Steve Gismondi
Publisher: iUniverse
ISBN: 1663215111
Category : Humor
Languages : en
Pages : 408
Book Description
This is a daily account of everything that happened in the United States of America in 2020 as taken from the pages of the Orlando Sentinel. Steve Gismondi, a proud Navy veteran, throws in his opinions for good measure, with some of them being funny and others serious. He covers subjects from Donald J. Trump and the Republicans to Nancy Pelosi and the Democrats to world events and famous athletes. Headlines he sounds off on include: • Dems Unveil Impeachment Articles; • $15 Wage Bump Will Appear on 2020 Ballot; • State Supreme Court Rules on ‘Stand Your Ground’ Charge; • Trump Says Kim Jon Un May Be Planning a Nice Present for Him. The author also shares his opinion that to get the country back on track, there needs to be a widespread vaccination to fight COVID-19—and politicians need to realize that people (not their wallets) come first. Seventy-five percent of the profits from this book will be donated to St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital to help fight cancer.
2020: the Lost Year Under King Trump
Author: Steve Gismondi
Publisher: iUniverse
ISBN: 1663215111
Category : Humor
Languages : en
Pages : 408
Book Description
This is a daily account of everything that happened in the United States of America in 2020 as taken from the pages of the Orlando Sentinel. Steve Gismondi, a proud Navy veteran, throws in his opinions for good measure, with some of them being funny and others serious. He covers subjects from Donald J. Trump and the Republicans to Nancy Pelosi and the Democrats to world events and famous athletes. Headlines he sounds off on include: • Dems Unveil Impeachment Articles; • $15 Wage Bump Will Appear on 2020 Ballot; • State Supreme Court Rules on ‘Stand Your Ground’ Charge; • Trump Says Kim Jon Un May Be Planning a Nice Present for Him. The author also shares his opinion that to get the country back on track, there needs to be a widespread vaccination to fight COVID-19—and politicians need to realize that people (not their wallets) come first. Seventy-five percent of the profits from this book will be donated to St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital to help fight cancer.
Publisher: iUniverse
ISBN: 1663215111
Category : Humor
Languages : en
Pages : 408
Book Description
This is a daily account of everything that happened in the United States of America in 2020 as taken from the pages of the Orlando Sentinel. Steve Gismondi, a proud Navy veteran, throws in his opinions for good measure, with some of them being funny and others serious. He covers subjects from Donald J. Trump and the Republicans to Nancy Pelosi and the Democrats to world events and famous athletes. Headlines he sounds off on include: • Dems Unveil Impeachment Articles; • $15 Wage Bump Will Appear on 2020 Ballot; • State Supreme Court Rules on ‘Stand Your Ground’ Charge; • Trump Says Kim Jon Un May Be Planning a Nice Present for Him. The author also shares his opinion that to get the country back on track, there needs to be a widespread vaccination to fight COVID-19—and politicians need to realize that people (not their wallets) come first. Seventy-five percent of the profits from this book will be donated to St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital to help fight cancer.
🤯 1900, or the Last President 🔍
Author: Ingersoll Lockwood
Publisher: Colour the Classics Publishing Corp.
ISBN:
Category : Games & Activities
Languages : en
Pages : 9
Book Description
Unleash Your Creativity with the 1900, or the Last President Coloring Book Edition! 🎨📚 Dear Book Lover's, Are you ready to embark on a nostalgic journey through time while flexing your artistic muscles? Introducing the Coloring Book Edition of 1900, or the Last President by Ingersoll Lockwood - a unique twist on a literary classic that invites you to bring the pages to life with your own imagination! 🌈✨ 📚 Dive into the mysterious world of Ingersoll Lockwood's 1900, or the Last President - a gripping tale that will keep you on the edge of your seat! 🕵️♂️ Unravel the secrets of this enigmatic novel and prepare to be captivated by its twists and turns. 📖 Join the adventure today and experience the thrill of a literary masterpiece like never before! Why You Need This Coloring Book Edition 📖 ♥ A Piece of History: Dive into the enchanting world of Ingersoll Lockwood's imaginative tale, set in a whimsical version of the future that is as thought-provoking as it is entertaining. ♥ Color Your World: Each chapter features beautifully designed illustrations that invite you to add your own splash of color - transforming the narrative into a personal artistic experience! ♥ Stress Relief: Coloring isn’t just for kids! It’s a fantastic way to unwind after a long day. Lose yourself in creativity and watch your worries fade away. 🧘♂️ ♥ Perfect Gift: Looking for a thoughtful present? This coloring book is a unique gift for book lovers, history buffs, and aspiring artists alike! Let your creativity flow and make history your canvas! Happy coloring, Colour the Classics
Publisher: Colour the Classics Publishing Corp.
ISBN:
Category : Games & Activities
Languages : en
Pages : 9
Book Description
Unleash Your Creativity with the 1900, or the Last President Coloring Book Edition! 🎨📚 Dear Book Lover's, Are you ready to embark on a nostalgic journey through time while flexing your artistic muscles? Introducing the Coloring Book Edition of 1900, or the Last President by Ingersoll Lockwood - a unique twist on a literary classic that invites you to bring the pages to life with your own imagination! 🌈✨ 📚 Dive into the mysterious world of Ingersoll Lockwood's 1900, or the Last President - a gripping tale that will keep you on the edge of your seat! 🕵️♂️ Unravel the secrets of this enigmatic novel and prepare to be captivated by its twists and turns. 📖 Join the adventure today and experience the thrill of a literary masterpiece like never before! Why You Need This Coloring Book Edition 📖 ♥ A Piece of History: Dive into the enchanting world of Ingersoll Lockwood's imaginative tale, set in a whimsical version of the future that is as thought-provoking as it is entertaining. ♥ Color Your World: Each chapter features beautifully designed illustrations that invite you to add your own splash of color - transforming the narrative into a personal artistic experience! ♥ Stress Relief: Coloring isn’t just for kids! It’s a fantastic way to unwind after a long day. Lose yourself in creativity and watch your worries fade away. 🧘♂️ ♥ Perfect Gift: Looking for a thoughtful present? This coloring book is a unique gift for book lovers, history buffs, and aspiring artists alike! Let your creativity flow and make history your canvas! Happy coloring, Colour the Classics
Frankly, We Did Win This Election
Author: Michael C. Bender
Publisher: Hachette UK
ISBN: 1538734818
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 491
Book Description
THE INSTANT NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER! Michael C. Bender, senior White House reporter for the Wall Street Journal, presents a deeply reported account of the 2020 presidential campaign that details how Donald J. Trump became the first incumbent in three decades to lose reelection—and the only one whose defeat culminated in a violent insurrection. Beginning with President Trump’s first impeachment and ending with his second, FRANKLY, WE DID WIN THIS ELECTION chronicles the inside-the-room deliberations between Trump and his campaign team as they opened 2020 with a sleek political operation built to harness a surge of momentum from a bullish economy, a unified Republican Party, and a string of domestic and foreign policy successes—only to watch everything unravel when fortunes suddenly turned. With first-rate sourcing cultivated from five years of covering Trump in the White House and both of his campaigns, Bender brings readers inside the Oval Office, aboard Air Force One, and into the front row of the movement’s signature mega-rallies for the story of an epic election-year convergence of COVID, economic collapse, and civil rights upheaval—and an unorthodox president’s attempt to battle it all. Fresh interviews with Trump, key campaign advisers, and senior administration officials are paired with an exclusive collection of internal campaign memos, emails, and text messages for scores of never-before-reported details about the campaign. FRANKLY, WE DID WIN THIS ELECTION is the inside story of how Trump lost, and the definitive account of his final year in office that draws a straight line from the president’s repeated insistence that he would never lose to the deadly storming of the U.S. Capitol that imperiled one of his most loyal lieutenants—his own vice president.
Publisher: Hachette UK
ISBN: 1538734818
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 491
Book Description
THE INSTANT NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER! Michael C. Bender, senior White House reporter for the Wall Street Journal, presents a deeply reported account of the 2020 presidential campaign that details how Donald J. Trump became the first incumbent in three decades to lose reelection—and the only one whose defeat culminated in a violent insurrection. Beginning with President Trump’s first impeachment and ending with his second, FRANKLY, WE DID WIN THIS ELECTION chronicles the inside-the-room deliberations between Trump and his campaign team as they opened 2020 with a sleek political operation built to harness a surge of momentum from a bullish economy, a unified Republican Party, and a string of domestic and foreign policy successes—only to watch everything unravel when fortunes suddenly turned. With first-rate sourcing cultivated from five years of covering Trump in the White House and both of his campaigns, Bender brings readers inside the Oval Office, aboard Air Force One, and into the front row of the movement’s signature mega-rallies for the story of an epic election-year convergence of COVID, economic collapse, and civil rights upheaval—and an unorthodox president’s attempt to battle it all. Fresh interviews with Trump, key campaign advisers, and senior administration officials are paired with an exclusive collection of internal campaign memos, emails, and text messages for scores of never-before-reported details about the campaign. FRANKLY, WE DID WIN THIS ELECTION is the inside story of how Trump lost, and the definitive account of his final year in office that draws a straight line from the president’s repeated insistence that he would never lose to the deadly storming of the U.S. Capitol that imperiled one of his most loyal lieutenants—his own vice president.
The Business Year: Oman 2020
Author: Peter Howson
Publisher: The Business Year
ISBN: 1912498561
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 260
Book Description
When the experienced TBY team landed in Muscat in September 2019 to start its seventh annual research on the Sultanate's economy, it could have never imagined the uniqueness of the times ahead. Early 2020 saw the passing away of the Father of the Nation, His Majesty Late Sultan Qaboos bin Said, and the appointment of the new leader, His Majesty Sultan Haitham bin Tariq. This was thought to be Oman's defining event in 2020, but shortly after, the COVID-19 outbreak touched every corner of the world, and oil prices continuously sunk to record lows. No doubt it is a trying time, but we see this 2020 edition of The Business Year: Oman as ushering a new era for the Sultanate. With a refreshed, forward-looking perspective, this 260-page publication analyzes how the business community is embracing innovation and technology to create a competitive, diversified economy.
Publisher: The Business Year
ISBN: 1912498561
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 260
Book Description
When the experienced TBY team landed in Muscat in September 2019 to start its seventh annual research on the Sultanate's economy, it could have never imagined the uniqueness of the times ahead. Early 2020 saw the passing away of the Father of the Nation, His Majesty Late Sultan Qaboos bin Said, and the appointment of the new leader, His Majesty Sultan Haitham bin Tariq. This was thought to be Oman's defining event in 2020, but shortly after, the COVID-19 outbreak touched every corner of the world, and oil prices continuously sunk to record lows. No doubt it is a trying time, but we see this 2020 edition of The Business Year: Oman as ushering a new era for the Sultanate. With a refreshed, forward-looking perspective, this 260-page publication analyzes how the business community is embracing innovation and technology to create a competitive, diversified economy.
THE JANUARY 6 REPORT
Author: The January 6 Select Committee
Publisher: Twelve
ISBN: 1538742160
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 900
Book Description
With exclusive reporting, eyewitness accounts and analysis from the Pulitzer Prize-winning staff of The New York Times, this edition of THE JANUARY 6 REPORT offers the definitive record of the attack on the U.S. Capitol. Read the report from the select committee’s investigation into the Jan. 6 attack on the Capitol, with accompanying insights from New York Times reporters who’ve covered the story from the beginning. This edition from The New York Times and Twelve Books contains: • THE JANUARY 6 REPORT from the Select Committee • Reporting and analysis from The New York Times that puts the committee’s findings in context • A timeline of key events • Photos and illustrations, including detailed maps that show the paths insurrectionists took to breach the Capitol • Interviews, transcripts and documents that complement the Committee’s investigation • A list of key participants from the Jan. 6 hearings A critical examination of the facts and circumstances surrounding that dark day, THE JANUARY 6 REPORT promises to be the definitive account of what happened, with recommendations from the committee about how to safeguard the future of American democracy.
Publisher: Twelve
ISBN: 1538742160
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 900
Book Description
With exclusive reporting, eyewitness accounts and analysis from the Pulitzer Prize-winning staff of The New York Times, this edition of THE JANUARY 6 REPORT offers the definitive record of the attack on the U.S. Capitol. Read the report from the select committee’s investigation into the Jan. 6 attack on the Capitol, with accompanying insights from New York Times reporters who’ve covered the story from the beginning. This edition from The New York Times and Twelve Books contains: • THE JANUARY 6 REPORT from the Select Committee • Reporting and analysis from The New York Times that puts the committee’s findings in context • A timeline of key events • Photos and illustrations, including detailed maps that show the paths insurrectionists took to breach the Capitol • Interviews, transcripts and documents that complement the Committee’s investigation • A list of key participants from the Jan. 6 hearings A critical examination of the facts and circumstances surrounding that dark day, THE JANUARY 6 REPORT promises to be the definitive account of what happened, with recommendations from the committee about how to safeguard the future of American democracy.
The January 6th Report
Author: Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the US Capitol
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 151077517X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 674
Book Description
The most important political investigation since Special Counsel Robert S. Mueller III’s probe into Russian influence on the 2016 election of Donald J. Trump. The full report by the Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol features facts, circumstances, and causes related to the assault on the Capitol Complex. Formed on July 1, 2021, the Select Committee has issued over one hundred subpoenas and held over a thousand witness interviews. The report will provides the results of investigations into interference with the peaceful transfer of power; the preparedness and response of the United States Capitol police and other federal, state, and local law enforcement; and the influencing factors that fomented the insurrection and attack on American representative democracy engaged in a constitutional process. The Select Committee investigation and the January 6th report joins the Mueller Report, the 9/11 Commission Report, the Warren Report, the Starr Report, and Watergate as one of the most important investigations in US history. The January 6th Report will be required reading for everyone with interest in American politics, for every 2020 voter, and every American.
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 151077517X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 674
Book Description
The most important political investigation since Special Counsel Robert S. Mueller III’s probe into Russian influence on the 2016 election of Donald J. Trump. The full report by the Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol features facts, circumstances, and causes related to the assault on the Capitol Complex. Formed on July 1, 2021, the Select Committee has issued over one hundred subpoenas and held over a thousand witness interviews. The report will provides the results of investigations into interference with the peaceful transfer of power; the preparedness and response of the United States Capitol police and other federal, state, and local law enforcement; and the influencing factors that fomented the insurrection and attack on American representative democracy engaged in a constitutional process. The Select Committee investigation and the January 6th report joins the Mueller Report, the 9/11 Commission Report, the Warren Report, the Starr Report, and Watergate as one of the most important investigations in US history. The January 6th Report will be required reading for everyone with interest in American politics, for every 2020 voter, and every American.
This Happened Here
Author: Paul Street
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000516261
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 192
Book Description
This book examines the Trump phenomenon and presidency as fascist. Fascism here connotes not generically "bad" politics or a consolidated political-economic regime (Mussolini’s Italy or Hitler’s Germany) but a set of political, movement, and ideological traits understood within the context of the neoliberal-capitalist era. While Trump’s election defeat is a respite, the nation is far from out of the neofascist woods. Defeating the menace will require political and societal restructuring far beyond what is imagined by Democrats. This argument is developed across seven chapters that recount Trump’s assault on the 2020 election, specifically define the meaning of fascism as it is used in this book, demonstrate the neofascist nature of the Trump presidency, engage intellectual class Trumpism-fascism-denial, analyze the Trump base, root Trumpism in a longstanding and indeed founding American white nationalism, examine why Trump rose to power when he did, and suggest paths for fascism-proofing the USA.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000516261
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 192
Book Description
This book examines the Trump phenomenon and presidency as fascist. Fascism here connotes not generically "bad" politics or a consolidated political-economic regime (Mussolini’s Italy or Hitler’s Germany) but a set of political, movement, and ideological traits understood within the context of the neoliberal-capitalist era. While Trump’s election defeat is a respite, the nation is far from out of the neofascist woods. Defeating the menace will require political and societal restructuring far beyond what is imagined by Democrats. This argument is developed across seven chapters that recount Trump’s assault on the 2020 election, specifically define the meaning of fascism as it is used in this book, demonstrate the neofascist nature of the Trump presidency, engage intellectual class Trumpism-fascism-denial, analyze the Trump base, root Trumpism in a longstanding and indeed founding American white nationalism, examine why Trump rose to power when he did, and suggest paths for fascism-proofing the USA.
I Alone Can Fix It
Author: Carol Leonnig
Publisher: Penguin
ISBN: 0593298950
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 592
Book Description
The instant #1 New York Times bestseller | A Washington Post Notable Book | One of NPR's Best Books of 2021 The definitive behind-the-scenes story of Trump's final year in office, by Phil Rucker and Carol Leonnig, the Pulitzer-Prize winning reporters and authors of A Very Stable Genius. “Chilling.” – Anderson Cooper “Jaw-dropping.” – John Berman “Shocking.” – John Heilemann “Explosive.” – Hallie Jackson “Blockbuster new reporting.” – Nicolle Wallace “Bracing new revelations.” – Brian Williams “Bombshell reporting.” – David Muir The true story of what took place in Donald Trump’s White House during a disastrous 2020 has never before been told in full. What was really going on around the president, as the government failed to contain the coronavirus and over half a million Americans perished? Who was influencing Trump after he refused to concede an election he had clearly lost and spread lies about election fraud? To answer these questions, Phil Rucker and Carol Leonnig reveal a dysfunctional and bumbling presidency’s inner workings in unprecedented, stunning detail. Focused on Trump and the key players around him—the doctors, generals, senior advisers, and Trump family members— Rucker and Leonnig provide a forensic account of the most devastating year in a presidency like no other. Their sources were in the room as time and time again Trump put his personal gain ahead of the good of the country. These witnesses to history tell the story of him longing to deploy the military to the streets of American cities to crush the protest movement in the wake of the killing of George Floyd, all to bolster his image of strength ahead of the election. These sources saw firsthand his refusal to take the threat of the coronavirus seriously—even to the point of allowing himself and those around him to be infected. This is a story of a nation sabotaged—economically, medically, and politically—by its own leader, culminating with a groundbreaking, minute-by-minute account of exactly what went on in the Capitol building on January 6, as Trump’s supporters so easily breached the most sacred halls of American democracy, and how the president reacted. With unparalleled access, Rucker and Leonnig explain and expose exactly who enabled—and who foiled—Trump as he sought desperately to cling to power. A classic and heart-racing work of investigative reporting, this book is destined to be read and studied by citizens and historians alike for decades to come.
Publisher: Penguin
ISBN: 0593298950
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 592
Book Description
The instant #1 New York Times bestseller | A Washington Post Notable Book | One of NPR's Best Books of 2021 The definitive behind-the-scenes story of Trump's final year in office, by Phil Rucker and Carol Leonnig, the Pulitzer-Prize winning reporters and authors of A Very Stable Genius. “Chilling.” – Anderson Cooper “Jaw-dropping.” – John Berman “Shocking.” – John Heilemann “Explosive.” – Hallie Jackson “Blockbuster new reporting.” – Nicolle Wallace “Bracing new revelations.” – Brian Williams “Bombshell reporting.” – David Muir The true story of what took place in Donald Trump’s White House during a disastrous 2020 has never before been told in full. What was really going on around the president, as the government failed to contain the coronavirus and over half a million Americans perished? Who was influencing Trump after he refused to concede an election he had clearly lost and spread lies about election fraud? To answer these questions, Phil Rucker and Carol Leonnig reveal a dysfunctional and bumbling presidency’s inner workings in unprecedented, stunning detail. Focused on Trump and the key players around him—the doctors, generals, senior advisers, and Trump family members— Rucker and Leonnig provide a forensic account of the most devastating year in a presidency like no other. Their sources were in the room as time and time again Trump put his personal gain ahead of the good of the country. These witnesses to history tell the story of him longing to deploy the military to the streets of American cities to crush the protest movement in the wake of the killing of George Floyd, all to bolster his image of strength ahead of the election. These sources saw firsthand his refusal to take the threat of the coronavirus seriously—even to the point of allowing himself and those around him to be infected. This is a story of a nation sabotaged—economically, medically, and politically—by its own leader, culminating with a groundbreaking, minute-by-minute account of exactly what went on in the Capitol building on January 6, as Trump’s supporters so easily breached the most sacred halls of American democracy, and how the president reacted. With unparalleled access, Rucker and Leonnig explain and expose exactly who enabled—and who foiled—Trump as he sought desperately to cling to power. A classic and heart-racing work of investigative reporting, this book is destined to be read and studied by citizens and historians alike for decades to come.
Make Change
Author: Shaun King
Publisher: Houghton Mifflin
ISBN: 0358048001
Category : Black lives matter movement
Languages : en
Pages : 275
Book Description
Activist and journalist Shaun King reflects on the events that made him one of the most prominent social justice leaders of our time and lays out a clear action plan for you to join the fight--with a foreword from Bernie Sanders
Publisher: Houghton Mifflin
ISBN: 0358048001
Category : Black lives matter movement
Languages : en
Pages : 275
Book Description
Activist and journalist Shaun King reflects on the events that made him one of the most prominent social justice leaders of our time and lays out a clear action plan for you to join the fight--with a foreword from Bernie Sanders
Ballot Battles
Author: Edward B. Foley
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0197775845
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 553
Book Description
The 2000 presidential race resulted in the highest-profile ballot battle in over a century. But it is far from the only American election determined by a handful of votes and marred by claims of fraud. Since the founding of the nation, violence frequently erupted as the votes were being counted, and more than a few elections produced manifestly unfair results. Despite America's claim to be the world's greatest democracy, its adherence to the basic tenets of democratic elections-the ability to count ballots accurately and fairly even when the stakes are high-has always been shaky. A rigged gubernatorial election in New York in 1792 nearly ended in calls for another revolution, and an 1899 gubernatorial race even resulted in an assassination. Though acts of violence have decreased in frequency over the past century, fairness and accuracy in ballot counting nonetheless remains a basic problem in American political life. In Ballot Battles, Edward Foley presents a sweeping history of election controversies in the United States, tracing how their evolution generated legal precedents that ultimately transformed how we determine who wins and who loses. While weaving a narrative spanning over two centuries, Foley repeatedly returns to an originating event: because the Founding Fathers despised parties and never envisioned the emergence of a party system, they wrote a constitution that did not provide clear solutions for high-stakes and highly-contested elections in which two parties could pool resources against one another. Moreover, in the American political system that actually developed, politicians are beholden to the parties which they represent - and elected officials have typically had an outsized say in determining the outcomes of extremely close elections that involve recounts. This underlying structural problem, more than anything else, explains why intense ballot battles that leave one side feeling aggrieved will continue to occur for the foreseeable future. American democracy has improved dramatically over the last two centuries. But the same cannot be said for the ways in which we determine who wins the very close races. From the founding until today, there has been little progress toward fixing the problem. Indeed, supporters of John Jay in 1792 and opponents of Lyndon Johnson in the 1948 Texas Senate race would find it easy to commiserate with Al Gore after the 2000 election. Ballot Battles is not only the first full chronicle of contested elections in the US. It also provides a powerful explanation of why the American election system has been-and remains-so ineffective at deciding the tightest races in a way that all sides will agree is fair.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0197775845
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 553
Book Description
The 2000 presidential race resulted in the highest-profile ballot battle in over a century. But it is far from the only American election determined by a handful of votes and marred by claims of fraud. Since the founding of the nation, violence frequently erupted as the votes were being counted, and more than a few elections produced manifestly unfair results. Despite America's claim to be the world's greatest democracy, its adherence to the basic tenets of democratic elections-the ability to count ballots accurately and fairly even when the stakes are high-has always been shaky. A rigged gubernatorial election in New York in 1792 nearly ended in calls for another revolution, and an 1899 gubernatorial race even resulted in an assassination. Though acts of violence have decreased in frequency over the past century, fairness and accuracy in ballot counting nonetheless remains a basic problem in American political life. In Ballot Battles, Edward Foley presents a sweeping history of election controversies in the United States, tracing how their evolution generated legal precedents that ultimately transformed how we determine who wins and who loses. While weaving a narrative spanning over two centuries, Foley repeatedly returns to an originating event: because the Founding Fathers despised parties and never envisioned the emergence of a party system, they wrote a constitution that did not provide clear solutions for high-stakes and highly-contested elections in which two parties could pool resources against one another. Moreover, in the American political system that actually developed, politicians are beholden to the parties which they represent - and elected officials have typically had an outsized say in determining the outcomes of extremely close elections that involve recounts. This underlying structural problem, more than anything else, explains why intense ballot battles that leave one side feeling aggrieved will continue to occur for the foreseeable future. American democracy has improved dramatically over the last two centuries. But the same cannot be said for the ways in which we determine who wins the very close races. From the founding until today, there has been little progress toward fixing the problem. Indeed, supporters of John Jay in 1792 and opponents of Lyndon Johnson in the 1948 Texas Senate race would find it easy to commiserate with Al Gore after the 2000 election. Ballot Battles is not only the first full chronicle of contested elections in the US. It also provides a powerful explanation of why the American election system has been-and remains-so ineffective at deciding the tightest races in a way that all sides will agree is fair.