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Author: H. H. Pattee
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483277038
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 641
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Book Description
X-ray Optics and X-ray Microanalysis covers the proceedings of the Symposium on X-ray Optics and X-ray Microanalysis, held at Stanford University on August 22-24, 1962. The book focuses on X-ray microscopy, microradiography, radiation and irradiation, and X-ray microanalysis. The selection first offers information on the methods of X-ray microscopy and X-ray absorption microanalysis. Discussions focus on X-ray scanning microscopy, contact microradiography, point projection microscopy, and total dry-weight determinations. The text then takes a look at X-ray microanalysis in biology and medicine; electron microscopic enlargements of X-ray absorption micrographs; and automation in microradiography. The publication examines the production of Fresnel zone plates for extreme ultraviolet and soft X radiation; quantitative microradiographic studies of human epidermis; and irradiation effect on total organic nerve-cell material determined by integrating X-ray absorption. The manuscript then reviews the calculation of fluorescence excited by characteristic radiation in the X-ray microanalyzer and the method for calculating the absorption correction in electron-probe microanalysis. The selection is a valuable reference for readers interested in X-ray technology.
Author: H. H. Pattee
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483277038
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 641
Get Book Here
Book Description
X-ray Optics and X-ray Microanalysis covers the proceedings of the Symposium on X-ray Optics and X-ray Microanalysis, held at Stanford University on August 22-24, 1962. The book focuses on X-ray microscopy, microradiography, radiation and irradiation, and X-ray microanalysis. The selection first offers information on the methods of X-ray microscopy and X-ray absorption microanalysis. Discussions focus on X-ray scanning microscopy, contact microradiography, point projection microscopy, and total dry-weight determinations. The text then takes a look at X-ray microanalysis in biology and medicine; electron microscopic enlargements of X-ray absorption micrographs; and automation in microradiography. The publication examines the production of Fresnel zone plates for extreme ultraviolet and soft X radiation; quantitative microradiographic studies of human epidermis; and irradiation effect on total organic nerve-cell material determined by integrating X-ray absorption. The manuscript then reviews the calculation of fluorescence excited by characteristic radiation in the X-ray microanalyzer and the method for calculating the absorption correction in electron-probe microanalysis. The selection is a valuable reference for readers interested in X-ray technology.
Author: Arne Engström
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Microradiography
Languages : en
Pages : 108
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Book Description
Author: Ping-chin Cheng
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642728812
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 429
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Book Description
In 1979, a conference on x-ray microscopy was organized by the New York Academy of Sciences, and in 1983, the Second Interna tional Symposium on X-ray Imaging was organized by the Akademie der Wissenschaften in Gottingen, Federal Republic of Germany. This volume contains the contributions to the symposium "X-ray Microscopy '86", held in Taipei, Taiwan, the Republic of China in August 1986. This is the first volume which intends to provide up-to date information on x-ray imaging to biologists, therefore, emphasis was given to specimen preparation techniques and image interpreta tion. Specimen preparation represents a major part of every microscopy work, therefore, it should be strongly emphasized in this emerging field of x-ray microscopy. Theoretically, x-ray microscopy offers the potential for the study of unfixed, hydrated biological ma terials. Since very few biological system can be directly observed without specimen preparation, we would like to emphasize that new information on biological specimens can only be obtained if the speci men is properly prepared. In the past decade, many of the published x-ray images were obtained from poorly prepared biological speci mens, mainly air-dried materials. Therefore, one of the goals of this conference is to bring the importance of specimen preparation to the attention of x-ray microscopy community. X-ray microscopy can be subdivided into several major areas. They are the classic x-ray projection microscope, x-ray contact imag ing (microradiography) and the more recent x-ray scanning micro scope, x-ray photoelectron microscope and x-ray imaging microscope.
Author: Arthur W. Pollister
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 1483270777
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 423
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Book Description
Physical Techniques in Biological Research, Volume III, Part A: Cells and Tissues focuses on improvements and innovations in physical techniques involved in biological research on cells and tissues. The selection first offers information on phase contrast and interference microscopy in cytology and birefringence and dichroism of cells and tissues. Topics include observational methods and results, quantitative techniques, nerve and muscle fibers, chloroplasts, cytoplasm, and nucleus. The book then examines X-ray microscopy and X-ray absorption analysis, including theoretical considerations of X-ray microscopy of biological materials and absorption and production of X-rays. The publication ponders on microtomy and manometric techniques for single cells and electron microscopy of microorganisms. Discussions focus on Cartesian diver respirometers, capillary respirometers, preliminary preparation of materials for drying, and techniques for studying dried specimens. The selection is highly recommended for students and readers interested in the physical techniques used in biological research.
Author: Kunio Shinohara
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Book Description
The papers presented review recent progress in X-ray microscopy both in methodology and in biomedical applications, they compare characteristics of X-ray microscopy with other related forms of microscopy, and they discuss activities of X-ray microscopy in Japan in particular. This review will surely encourage engineers and physicists to accelerate further development of X-ray microscopes to provide even more useful tools to solve biological and medical questions.
Author: K. M. Earle
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1489959076
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 110
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Book Description
Author: British Museum. Department of Printed Books
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : English imprints
Languages : en
Pages : 1362
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Book Description
Author: Howard Hunt Pattee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : X-rays
Languages : en
Pages : 648
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Book Description
Author: Ralph Feder
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146132209X
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 381
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Book Description
An Institute like ours cannot help but lend credence to the notion of the late Derek J. de Solla Price of Yale University that "the scientific revolution was largely the improvement, invention and use of a series of instruments . . . . that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions". Most of science today and in years gone by depends on the experimental observation of struc ture on the small scale with microscopes, and on the large scale with telescopes. The first instruments to expand the observational range of the human eye were simple optical systems, designed in the case of microscopes and telescopes to magnify the image. The big breakthrough in the 17th century was not when Galileo first turned his telescope to the heavens, but when improvements in lens-grinding techniques allowed eyeglass makers to make the first telescope. Early microscopy revealed new and previously unsuspected microstruc tures in biological and non-biological materials and thus helped to enlarge on the understanding of the relationship between structure and properties. The natural inclination of all microscopists, the desire to observe ever smaller structures, was satisfied by the construction of higher quality optical systems which reduced the aberrations limiting the usable magnification. The modem optical microscope is the result of this evolution in design and construction, and it can be operated easily to achieve close to the theoretical resolution.
Author: E.P. Bertin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461344166
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1098
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Book Description
Since the first edition of this book was published early in 1970, three major developments have occurred in the field of x-ray spectrochemical analysis. First, wavelength-dispersive spectrometry, in 1970 already securely established among instrumental analytical methods, has matured. Highly sophisticated, miniaturized, modular, solid-state circuitry has replaced elec tron-tube circuitry in the readout system. Computers are now widely used to program and control fully automated spectrometers and to store, process, and compute analytical concentrations directly and immediately from ac cumulated count data. Matrix effects have largely yielded to mathematical treatment. The problems associated with the ultralong-wavelength region have been largely surmounted. Indirect (association) methods have extended the applicability of x-ray spectrometry to the entire periodic table and even to certain classes of compounds. Modern commercial, computerized, auto matic, simultaneous x-ray spectrometers can index up to 60 specimens in turn into the measurement position and for each collect count data for up to 30 elements and read out the analytical results in 1--4 min-all corrected for absorption-enhancement and particle-size or surface-texture effects and wholly unattended. Sample preparation has long been the time-limiting step in x-ray spectrochemical analysis. Second, energy-dispersive spectrometry, in 1970 only beginning to assume its place among instrumental analytical methods, has undergone phenomenal development and application and, some believe, may supplant wavelength spectrometry for most applications in the foreseeable future.
