Author: Christen Skaar
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
This volume regards all aspects and effects water or moisture can have on the physical and chemical properties of wood. Various techniques used in the measurement of wood moisture content are described in detail. The evaluation of influences of environmental parameters as temperature, moisture or mechanical stress on the water content of wood as well as theoretical approaches to estimate those influences on the volumetric properties as shrinkage and swelling of wood are comprehensively treated. Special emphasis is laid on the discussion of electrical parameters in relation to structural and cellular conditions of wood due to water absorption.
Author: Christen Skaar
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642736831
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 292
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Book Description
Wood is formed in an essentially water-saturated environment in the living tree, and the cell wall remains in this state until the water flow from the roots is interrupted, such as by felling the tree. The wood then begins to lose most of its moisture by drying, resulting in changes in most of its physical properties. These changes, and their relationship to the environment to which the wood is subsequently ex posed, are the subject of this book. The text consists of six chapters. The first chapter discusses cer tain empirical relationships between wood and water, methods of measuring wood moisture content, factors which affect its equilib rium moisture content, and the effect of moisture content on wood strength. The second chapter treats the thermodynamics of moisture sorption by wood, inc1uding enthalpy, entropy, and free energy changes. The third chapter discusses some of the theories which have been proposed to explain the sorption isotherms for hygroscopic ma terials such as wood. Chapter 4 considers hygroexpansion or the shrinking and swelling of wood associated with moisture change. Chapter 5 is concerned with how moisture moves through the cell wall of wood in response to both moisture and temperature gradients. The sixth and final chapter discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of the electrical resistance and dielectric properties of wood, in c1uding the principles involved in their application in electrical moisture meters.
Author: J.F. Siau
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642692133
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
This book has a similar subject content to the author's previous Flow in Wood but with substantial updating due to the abundance of research in the wood science field since 1971. Several different concepts have been introduced, particularly in regard to wood-moisture relation ships. The role of water potential in the equilibria between wood and its humid and moist environments is considered. Two theories are introduced to explain the nonisothermal transport of bound water in the steady and unsteady states. As in the former text, the wood-. structure relationship is emphasized . . The author is especially grateful to Dr. C. Skaar for his careful and critical review of much of the manuscript and for the productive dis cussions of many of the concepts. Dr. T. E. Timell, the series editor, rendered major assistance in the preparation of Chap. 2 and in his editing of the manuscript. The author wishes to thank Dr. W. A. Cote, Mr. A. C. Day, and Mr. J. J. McKeon for providing electron micro graphs, Mr. G. A. Snyder for his photography of much of the art work, Dr. C. H. de Zeeuw for his advice in the field of wood anatomy, and Ms. Mary M. Siau for her careful rendition of the art work. Apprecia tion is extended to Miss Judy A. Barton and Mrs. Stephanie V. Micale for their work in typing and checking the manuscript. Mr. J. A.
Author: Mary Lockett Rollins
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cellulose
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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Book Description
Author: Claus Mattheck
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642612199
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 141
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Book Description
Here are two physicists looking over the fence of physics, getting thrilled by the life and growth of trees, taking an altogether different, exciting view of wood: trees produce wood for their own benefit. They do not live for the benefit of man who builds his world using wood as a raw material. Timber is revealed in a different light, and the reader is taught to stop thinking of it in terms of defective beams and boards. Wood only fails as a part of the living tree. To us, the tree and wood biologists, this new definition is a real, inspiring challenge, which is just what Kubler and Mattheck intended it to be. Their answers may seem too simple or little logical to some of us; but the authors are not at a loss for sound and solid arguments. Their field studies prove the incredible, their hypotheses makes us want to get to the bottom of the un proven unbelievable. The authors' answers and arguments are bold and cour ageous. They arouse our curiosity and force us to fathom the facts. It seems as if Kubler and Mattheck wanted to trick us into believing that trees only live and react following mechanical rules and strategies. To tell the truth, that was what I first suspected the authors of: but I was wrong.
Author: Rowell
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788170890409
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 626
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Book Description
This 15-chapter book is divided into four sections that discuss wood's structure and basic chemistry, its properties and reactivity, and its surface and degradation chemistry. The very basis of how wood is formed and the structure it assumes during this growth are given in the first section. Various wood science terms are defined and discussed thoroughly to give a clear and adequate foundation for the rest of the book. Wood water relationship important in almost any wood applications- are also discussed in this section. The subsequent three sections discuss relations and chemistry important for the beginning wood chemist to understand. These topics include wood's cell wall components, strength, interaction with preservatives, and adhesion. Wood polymer materials, wood surface activation, weathering and protection, and pyrolysis and fire retardancy are topics also embraced.
Author: John M. Harris
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 364273779X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 226
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Book Description
It is widely recognized that spiral grain in trees severely reduces the value of sawn timber through warping and loss of strength, and that it also causes problems for other wood uses as diverse as transmission poles or plywood. Yet, paradoxically, there are highly valued grain patterns including wavy and interlocked grain, whose origins in the cambium invite direct comparison with those of spiral grain, so that many authorities believe them to be related phenomena. In recent years this concept has prompted extensive research into the anatomy, genetics, and physiology of all such grain patterns in wood. As a result it has become apparent that tree cambia provide excellent systems through which to study the origins of stem polarity and the complex processes of morphogenetic control in plants. Beside these and other pressing topics for research, the book examines methods of measuring grain deviations, and considers their influence on wood properties, on the economics of timber production, and on wood manufacturing.
Author: Melvin T. Tyree
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662049317
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 292
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Book Description
The first edition of this book was the first to provide an integrated description of sap ascension from an anatomical and functional point of view. The second edition opens with the three-dimensional aspects of wood anatomy. The cohesion-tension theory and new evidence are introduced in response to recent controversies over the mechanism of sap ascent in plants. The physiology, anatomy and biophysics of xylem dysfunction are discussed and new insights into hydraulic architecture are reviewed with special emphasis on physiological limits on maximum transpiration and how hydraulic architecture limits gas exchange, carbon gain and growth of plants. The text concludes with a description of xylem failure and pathology. The book highlights fascinating areas of current research with the aim to stimulate more work in the future.
Author: M.B. Kirkham
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0124200788
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 599
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Book Description
Principles of Soil and Plant Water Relations, 2e describes the principles of water relations within soils, followed by the uptake of water and its subsequent movement throughout and from the plant body. This is presented as a progressive series of physical and biological interrelations, even though each topic is treated in detail on its own. The book also describes equipment used to measure water in the soil-plant-atmosphere system. At the end of each chapter is a biography of a scientist whose principles are discussed in the chapter. In addition to new information on the concept of celestial time, this new edition also includes new chapters on methods to determine sap flow in plants dual-probe heat-pulse technique to monitor water in the root zone. - Provides the necessary understanding to address advancing problems in water availability for meeting ecological requirements at local, regional and global scales - Covers plant anatomy: an essential component to understanding soil and plant water relations
Author: Christen Skaar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wood
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
