Author: Sevil Sena Kesgin
Publisher: Advocates of Silenced Turkey
ISBN:
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 64
Book Description
This booklet represents the culmination of months of work from Advocates of Silenced Turkey’s first cohort of interns. We thank them sincerely for their part in raising a voice to condemn the violence inflicted by the Turkish government on its own citizens. We would also like to gratefully acknowledge the work of Murat Erdogan and other lawyers who guided us every step of the way in assessing the provisions of the law and international documents, and who were always readily available for consultation. Lastly, this work would not be possible if not for the confidence displayed by survivors who chose to share with us their lives. We thank them graciously for their stories. The summer of 2020 witnessed the birth of Advocates of Silenced Turkey’s first internship opportunity geared towards college students around the world. We were fueled by a desire to involve youth in academic studies of injustice by allowing them the opportunity to apply their skills outside of their courses. Coming from all walks of life, our first interns utilized their academic abilities to shed light on the rampant human rights abuses facing women and their children in Turkey following the orchestrated coup attempt in 2016 which consolidated the regime’s power. Through collaborative efforts, the interns each produced a paper outlining the story of a family navigating the Turkish legal system. In this booklet you will find six reports whose individual stories are weaved together through the connective tissue of systematic government persecution and injustice.
Women's Rights Violations by the Turkish Legal System
Author: Sevil Sena Kesgin
Publisher: Advocates of Silenced Turkey
ISBN:
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 64
Book Description
This booklet represents the culmination of months of work from Advocates of Silenced Turkey’s first cohort of interns. We thank them sincerely for their part in raising a voice to condemn the violence inflicted by the Turkish government on its own citizens. We would also like to gratefully acknowledge the work of Murat Erdogan and other lawyers who guided us every step of the way in assessing the provisions of the law and international documents, and who were always readily available for consultation. Lastly, this work would not be possible if not for the confidence displayed by survivors who chose to share with us their lives. We thank them graciously for their stories. The summer of 2020 witnessed the birth of Advocates of Silenced Turkey’s first internship opportunity geared towards college students around the world. We were fueled by a desire to involve youth in academic studies of injustice by allowing them the opportunity to apply their skills outside of their courses. Coming from all walks of life, our first interns utilized their academic abilities to shed light on the rampant human rights abuses facing women and their children in Turkey following the orchestrated coup attempt in 2016 which consolidated the regime’s power. Through collaborative efforts, the interns each produced a paper outlining the story of a family navigating the Turkish legal system. In this booklet you will find six reports whose individual stories are weaved together through the connective tissue of systematic government persecution and injustice.
Publisher: Advocates of Silenced Turkey
ISBN:
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 64
Book Description
This booklet represents the culmination of months of work from Advocates of Silenced Turkey’s first cohort of interns. We thank them sincerely for their part in raising a voice to condemn the violence inflicted by the Turkish government on its own citizens. We would also like to gratefully acknowledge the work of Murat Erdogan and other lawyers who guided us every step of the way in assessing the provisions of the law and international documents, and who were always readily available for consultation. Lastly, this work would not be possible if not for the confidence displayed by survivors who chose to share with us their lives. We thank them graciously for their stories. The summer of 2020 witnessed the birth of Advocates of Silenced Turkey’s first internship opportunity geared towards college students around the world. We were fueled by a desire to involve youth in academic studies of injustice by allowing them the opportunity to apply their skills outside of their courses. Coming from all walks of life, our first interns utilized their academic abilities to shed light on the rampant human rights abuses facing women and their children in Turkey following the orchestrated coup attempt in 2016 which consolidated the regime’s power. Through collaborative efforts, the interns each produced a paper outlining the story of a family navigating the Turkish legal system. In this booklet you will find six reports whose individual stories are weaved together through the connective tissue of systematic government persecution and injustice.
Patriarchal Theory Reconsidered
Author: Filiz Akgul
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319497669
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 248
Book Description
This study analyses male-female violence in comparison to state-citizen violence. The author argues that norms and values in Turkey are a reflection of processes that accommodate oppression, the intersection of which develops the argument that ‘women are to men, what the citizen is for the state, in the context of Turkey.’ Gender theory, and patriarchal theory in particular, are explored in this book to describe the logic and design of gender-based violence and its relationship with political sociology.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319497669
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 248
Book Description
This study analyses male-female violence in comparison to state-citizen violence. The author argues that norms and values in Turkey are a reflection of processes that accommodate oppression, the intersection of which develops the argument that ‘women are to men, what the citizen is for the state, in the context of Turkey.’ Gender theory, and patriarchal theory in particular, are explored in this book to describe the logic and design of gender-based violence and its relationship with political sociology.
Russia 2018 Human Rights Report
Author: U S Department of State
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781071450246
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 62
Book Description
The Russian Federation has a highly centralized, authoritarian political system dominated by President Vladimir Putin. The bicameral Federal Assembly consists of a directly elected lower house (State Duma) and an appointed upper house (Federation Council), both of which lack independence from the executive. The March 18 presidential election and the 2016 State Duma elections were marked by accusations of government interference and manipulation of the electoral process, including the exclusion of meaningful opposition candidates.This is the 2018 report on Human Rights by the U.S. Department of State published on March 13, 2019
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781071450246
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 62
Book Description
The Russian Federation has a highly centralized, authoritarian political system dominated by President Vladimir Putin. The bicameral Federal Assembly consists of a directly elected lower house (State Duma) and an appointed upper house (Federation Council), both of which lack independence from the executive. The March 18 presidential election and the 2016 State Duma elections were marked by accusations of government interference and manipulation of the electoral process, including the exclusion of meaningful opposition candidates.This is the 2018 report on Human Rights by the U.S. Department of State published on March 13, 2019
Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence
Author: Council of Europe
Publisher: Council of Europe
ISBN: 9789287172037
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 150
Book Description
The Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (CETS No. 210) is the first legally binding instrument to address violence against women and domestic violence in Europe. It contains a wide range of obligations aiming to prevent violence, protect its victims, prosecute the perpetrators, implement coordinated policies and promote international co-operation. It also envisages a monitoring mechanism. The convention recognizes violence against women as a violation of human rights and is a major step forward in achieving gender equality in law and in fact.
Publisher: Council of Europe
ISBN: 9789287172037
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 150
Book Description
The Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (CETS No. 210) is the first legally binding instrument to address violence against women and domestic violence in Europe. It contains a wide range of obligations aiming to prevent violence, protect its victims, prosecute the perpetrators, implement coordinated policies and promote international co-operation. It also envisages a monitoring mechanism. The convention recognizes violence against women as a violation of human rights and is a major step forward in achieving gender equality in law and in fact.
Human Rights in Turkey
Author: Hasan Aydin
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030574768
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 492
Book Description
The book provides the historical setting of Turkey related to the development of democracy, human rights issues, the treatment of cultural and ethnic minorities, and the short- and long-term consequences of the crackdown including impacts on individuals, institutions like education and the media, the criminal justice system, the economy, and Turkey’s standing in the international community. Since the foundation of the Republic of Turkey, the military and the media have been the main traditional powers of oppressive, secularist, and nationalist regimes in the country. After a period of initial reforms, rather than eliminating the structures of the authoritarian state, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan seized the levers of power and used them aggressively against his political enemies. He turned Turkey into a one-man regime after the failed coup attempt on July 15, 2016, and his actions included the widespread violation of human rights. This book tells the tale of the consequences of the measures taken after the failed coup attempt that have adversely impacted the development of democracy and human rights in Turkey, altering the nation’s course of history. Beginning with a State of Emergency that was declared in July of 2016, Turkey has moved to a more authoritarian state. Among the consequences of the actions taken have been imprisonment of hundreds of thousands, the shuttering of media, the dismissal of public employees, the dismissal of academics, jailed elected Kurdish politicians, and the misuse of the criminal justice to victimize the population. Adverse effects have included widespread violations of human rights, torture, and mistreatment of prisoners, false imprisonment, and the absence of the right to a fair trial. This book examines some of the thorniest questions of Turkish democratization and human rights, including the underlying reasons for the decay of democracy and what has happened as a result of this decay. Among these is a deterioration of the educational system, a reduction in economic stability, the absence of the rule of law and due process, a radical transformation of the country, and violations of universal human rights. Endorsements: As one who knows people who have been victimized by the authoritarian regime in Turkey, “Human Rights in Turkey” provides unique insights and perspectives on the changes that have befallen his wonderful country. It is truly insightful. David L. Carter, Ph.D., Michigan State University Human Rights in Turkey: Assaults on Human Dignity fills a major gap in contemporary political scholarship. Its elucidation of Turkey’s democratic backsliding into a one-man authoritarian regime is insightful and unique. Absolutely required reading for anyone who cares about this beautiful country, its wonderful people, and its uncertain future. Kati Piri, Member of the European Parliament and Delegation to the EU-Turkey Joint Parliamentary Committee Aydin’s and Langley’s book addresses critical issues in a critical case. Turkey had been regarded as a rising democracy in a troubled region, but in recent years the country has experienced troubling signs of democratic erosion. Central to that decline is the precarious status of basic human rights of expression, association, religion, and due process. This book explores what has happened and how it affects individuals and the Turkish polity more broadly. John M. Carey, Ph.D.. Wentworth Professor in the Social Sciences, Dartmouth College, NH, USA Turkey was once a poster-boy of the league of modernizing countries – a staunch ally of the West, an almost-democracy that would become better soon enough. It might even be the first Muslim country to join the European Union. That image now lies shattered under the erratic one-man-show of Tayyip Erdoğan. The police state reigns supreme, opposition is cowed, the courts are in shambles, and more journalists are jailed for their opinions than in any other country. How did it all come to this pass? This collection of essays examines the visible and obscure causes of the catclysmic events that have transformed Turkey. They question the long-established state of semi-freedom under secular rule, as well as the “Islamic” challenges that have arisen since Erdoğan’s rise to power. Sevan Nisanyan, Historian, Linguist, and Political Refugee, Greece Situated right at the border between East and West, Turkey and its volatile political development continues to attract attention from people interested in the prospect for democracy. This book offers an impressive and thorough account of the recent democratic backsliding and reveals that not only the hope for a consolidation of liberal democracy but also large sections of the population are victims of rising authoritarianism. Jacob Torfing, PhD., Professor in Politics and Institutions, Roskilde University, Denmark A fascinating book detailing the rapid deterioration of human rights in Turkey, involving false imprisonment, job dismissals, media restrictions, and due process violations. A careful examination of the swift decline of democracy, transforming a prospering country into one where economic, educational, and social stability, and the operation of the justice system were impacted by a government declaration of a State of Emergency. A comprehensive analysis of the ways in which a society changes when human rights are not enforced in accord with the principles of due process and the rule of law. Jay Albanese, PhD., Virginia Commonwealth University, Wilder School of Government & Public Affairs As a human rights activist and a victim of severe human rights violations in Turkey, I recognize the value of the chapters, as they provide a thorough examination and analysis of subjects regarding Human rights violations in Turkey. The book comprehensively chronicles the events pertaining to the steady rise of political authoritarianism. The relevancy of the issues addressed in each chapter make the book important in regard to the emerging civil society movement in Turkey. Furthermore, the descriptions of the severe decline of human rights and the democratic backsliding towards authoritarianism and facism during the last decade in Turkey, highlights the significance of the book. Haluk Savas, PhD., Professor of Psychiatry, Psychotherapist And Editor in Chief of KHK TV (Voice of Rights), Turkey Human rights violations are a world-wide phenomenon, occurring in various capacities and to varying degrees in each country. However, unique to Turkey, is the rapid increase in violations that are not the result of deeply rooted social practices, but rather are contingent upon political decisions. Therefore, the cases of these violations are worthy of study. Hercules Millas, PhD., Political Scientist, Greece We are living in a “Geography of Genocide.”Historically, Unionists (committtee of union and progress) who committed the 1915 Armenian Genocide, established the Republic of Turkey. As a result, a distorted history and official ideology for the state was established. Furthermore, “redlines” in the country, such as the Kurdish Question, the Armenian Genocide, and the Cyprus Issue, were fabricated. Until today, the Turkish Republic remains in denial of the problems that have caused major human rights violations. This book chronicles a very important reality that evaluates the “core state structure” in Turkey, which remains intact even though rulers have changed, through human rights violations. Eren Keskin, Lawyer and Human Right Activist, The Vice-president of the Human Rights Association, Turkey
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030574768
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 492
Book Description
The book provides the historical setting of Turkey related to the development of democracy, human rights issues, the treatment of cultural and ethnic minorities, and the short- and long-term consequences of the crackdown including impacts on individuals, institutions like education and the media, the criminal justice system, the economy, and Turkey’s standing in the international community. Since the foundation of the Republic of Turkey, the military and the media have been the main traditional powers of oppressive, secularist, and nationalist regimes in the country. After a period of initial reforms, rather than eliminating the structures of the authoritarian state, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan seized the levers of power and used them aggressively against his political enemies. He turned Turkey into a one-man regime after the failed coup attempt on July 15, 2016, and his actions included the widespread violation of human rights. This book tells the tale of the consequences of the measures taken after the failed coup attempt that have adversely impacted the development of democracy and human rights in Turkey, altering the nation’s course of history. Beginning with a State of Emergency that was declared in July of 2016, Turkey has moved to a more authoritarian state. Among the consequences of the actions taken have been imprisonment of hundreds of thousands, the shuttering of media, the dismissal of public employees, the dismissal of academics, jailed elected Kurdish politicians, and the misuse of the criminal justice to victimize the population. Adverse effects have included widespread violations of human rights, torture, and mistreatment of prisoners, false imprisonment, and the absence of the right to a fair trial. This book examines some of the thorniest questions of Turkish democratization and human rights, including the underlying reasons for the decay of democracy and what has happened as a result of this decay. Among these is a deterioration of the educational system, a reduction in economic stability, the absence of the rule of law and due process, a radical transformation of the country, and violations of universal human rights. Endorsements: As one who knows people who have been victimized by the authoritarian regime in Turkey, “Human Rights in Turkey” provides unique insights and perspectives on the changes that have befallen his wonderful country. It is truly insightful. David L. Carter, Ph.D., Michigan State University Human Rights in Turkey: Assaults on Human Dignity fills a major gap in contemporary political scholarship. Its elucidation of Turkey’s democratic backsliding into a one-man authoritarian regime is insightful and unique. Absolutely required reading for anyone who cares about this beautiful country, its wonderful people, and its uncertain future. Kati Piri, Member of the European Parliament and Delegation to the EU-Turkey Joint Parliamentary Committee Aydin’s and Langley’s book addresses critical issues in a critical case. Turkey had been regarded as a rising democracy in a troubled region, but in recent years the country has experienced troubling signs of democratic erosion. Central to that decline is the precarious status of basic human rights of expression, association, religion, and due process. This book explores what has happened and how it affects individuals and the Turkish polity more broadly. John M. Carey, Ph.D.. Wentworth Professor in the Social Sciences, Dartmouth College, NH, USA Turkey was once a poster-boy of the league of modernizing countries – a staunch ally of the West, an almost-democracy that would become better soon enough. It might even be the first Muslim country to join the European Union. That image now lies shattered under the erratic one-man-show of Tayyip Erdoğan. The police state reigns supreme, opposition is cowed, the courts are in shambles, and more journalists are jailed for their opinions than in any other country. How did it all come to this pass? This collection of essays examines the visible and obscure causes of the catclysmic events that have transformed Turkey. They question the long-established state of semi-freedom under secular rule, as well as the “Islamic” challenges that have arisen since Erdoğan’s rise to power. Sevan Nisanyan, Historian, Linguist, and Political Refugee, Greece Situated right at the border between East and West, Turkey and its volatile political development continues to attract attention from people interested in the prospect for democracy. This book offers an impressive and thorough account of the recent democratic backsliding and reveals that not only the hope for a consolidation of liberal democracy but also large sections of the population are victims of rising authoritarianism. Jacob Torfing, PhD., Professor in Politics and Institutions, Roskilde University, Denmark A fascinating book detailing the rapid deterioration of human rights in Turkey, involving false imprisonment, job dismissals, media restrictions, and due process violations. A careful examination of the swift decline of democracy, transforming a prospering country into one where economic, educational, and social stability, and the operation of the justice system were impacted by a government declaration of a State of Emergency. A comprehensive analysis of the ways in which a society changes when human rights are not enforced in accord with the principles of due process and the rule of law. Jay Albanese, PhD., Virginia Commonwealth University, Wilder School of Government & Public Affairs As a human rights activist and a victim of severe human rights violations in Turkey, I recognize the value of the chapters, as they provide a thorough examination and analysis of subjects regarding Human rights violations in Turkey. The book comprehensively chronicles the events pertaining to the steady rise of political authoritarianism. The relevancy of the issues addressed in each chapter make the book important in regard to the emerging civil society movement in Turkey. Furthermore, the descriptions of the severe decline of human rights and the democratic backsliding towards authoritarianism and facism during the last decade in Turkey, highlights the significance of the book. Haluk Savas, PhD., Professor of Psychiatry, Psychotherapist And Editor in Chief of KHK TV (Voice of Rights), Turkey Human rights violations are a world-wide phenomenon, occurring in various capacities and to varying degrees in each country. However, unique to Turkey, is the rapid increase in violations that are not the result of deeply rooted social practices, but rather are contingent upon political decisions. Therefore, the cases of these violations are worthy of study. Hercules Millas, PhD., Political Scientist, Greece We are living in a “Geography of Genocide.”Historically, Unionists (committtee of union and progress) who committed the 1915 Armenian Genocide, established the Republic of Turkey. As a result, a distorted history and official ideology for the state was established. Furthermore, “redlines” in the country, such as the Kurdish Question, the Armenian Genocide, and the Cyprus Issue, were fabricated. Until today, the Turkish Republic remains in denial of the problems that have caused major human rights violations. This book chronicles a very important reality that evaluates the “core state structure” in Turkey, which remains intact even though rulers have changed, through human rights violations. Eren Keskin, Lawyer and Human Right Activist, The Vice-president of the Human Rights Association, Turkey
World Report 2020
Author: Human Rights Watch
Publisher: Seven Stories Press
ISBN: 1644210061
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 813
Book Description
The best country-by-country assessment of human rights. The human rights records of more than ninety countries and territories are put into perspective in Human Rights Watch's signature yearly report. Reflecting extensive investigative work undertaken by Human Rights Watch staff, in close partnership with domestic human rights activists, the annual World Report is an invaluable resource for journalists, diplomats, and citizens, and is a must-read for anyone interested in the fight to protect human rights in every corner of the globe.
Publisher: Seven Stories Press
ISBN: 1644210061
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 813
Book Description
The best country-by-country assessment of human rights. The human rights records of more than ninety countries and territories are put into perspective in Human Rights Watch's signature yearly report. Reflecting extensive investigative work undertaken by Human Rights Watch staff, in close partnership with domestic human rights activists, the annual World Report is an invaluable resource for journalists, diplomats, and citizens, and is a must-read for anyone interested in the fight to protect human rights in every corner of the globe.
Morality Tales
Author: Leslie Peirce
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN: 0520228928
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 491
Book Description
Leslie Peirce uses the experience of a village in 16th century Anatolia as a lens to reinterpret major themes in the history of the Ottoman Empire: the conflict between the expanding Ottoman and declining Persian empires, the place of women in Ottoman society, and the clash between Sunni and Shi'a Islam.
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN: 0520228928
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 491
Book Description
Leslie Peirce uses the experience of a village in 16th century Anatolia as a lens to reinterpret major themes in the history of the Ottoman Empire: the conflict between the expanding Ottoman and declining Persian empires, the place of women in Ottoman society, and the clash between Sunni and Shi'a Islam.
Law and Legality in the Ottoman Empire and Republic of Turkey
Author: Kent F. Schull
Publisher: Indiana University Press
ISBN: 0253021006
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 216
Book Description
The editors of this volume have gathered leading scholars on the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey to chronologically examine the sweep and variety of sociolegal projects being carried in the region. These efforts intersect issues of property, gender, legal literacy, the demarcation of village boundaries, the codification of Islamic law, economic liberalism, crime and punishment, and refugee rights across the empire and the Aegean region of the Turkish Republic.
Publisher: Indiana University Press
ISBN: 0253021006
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 216
Book Description
The editors of this volume have gathered leading scholars on the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey to chronologically examine the sweep and variety of sociolegal projects being carried in the region. These efforts intersect issues of property, gender, legal literacy, the demarcation of village boundaries, the codification of Islamic law, economic liberalism, crime and punishment, and refugee rights across the empire and the Aegean region of the Turkish Republic.
Turkey
Author: Christopher Panico
Publisher: Human Rights Watch
ISBN: 9781564322265
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 148
Book Description
Recommendations--Background--International Legal Obligations--Freedom of Expression in Turkey Today--Violence Against Journalists--Imprisoned Journalists--Restrictions on Free expression--Restrictions on the Use of the Kurdish Language.
Publisher: Human Rights Watch
ISBN: 9781564322265
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 148
Book Description
Recommendations--Background--International Legal Obligations--Freedom of Expression in Turkey Today--Violence Against Journalists--Imprisoned Journalists--Restrictions on Free expression--Restrictions on the Use of the Kurdish Language.
"He Loves You, He Beats You"
Author: Gauri van Gulik
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781564327659
Category : Abused wives
Languages : en
Pages : 58
Book Description
In Turkey, approximately 42 percent of all women, and 47 percent of women in rural areas, have experienced physical or sexual violence by a husband or partner at some stage in their lives. This report documents the experiences of women in Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Van, Trabzon, and Diyarbakır who endured violence and sought help from the state. Women we interviewed described brutal and long-lasting violence by husbands, in-laws, and other family members. Human Rights Watch documented women and girls as young as fourteen being raped, stabbed, kicked in the abdomen when pregnant, beaten with hammers, sticks, branches, and hoses to the point of broken bones and fractured skulls, locked up with dogs or other animals, starved, shot with a stun gun, injected with poison, pushed off a rooftop, and subjected to severe psychological violence. Despite some impressive law reforms to address violence against women in Turkey, including the availability of civil protection orders, there are gaps in law and even greater failings in implementation, making the protection system unpredictable at best. Domestic violence shelters in Turkey, far too few to meet the demand, exclude certain categories of women, and in some cases have poor conditions and inadequate security. The Turkish government should amend the family protection law to fill the gaps and should systematically and proactively improve its implementation. Failing to do so constitutes not just a violation of Turkish law, but also violations of international and regional human rights law.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781564327659
Category : Abused wives
Languages : en
Pages : 58
Book Description
In Turkey, approximately 42 percent of all women, and 47 percent of women in rural areas, have experienced physical or sexual violence by a husband or partner at some stage in their lives. This report documents the experiences of women in Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Van, Trabzon, and Diyarbakır who endured violence and sought help from the state. Women we interviewed described brutal and long-lasting violence by husbands, in-laws, and other family members. Human Rights Watch documented women and girls as young as fourteen being raped, stabbed, kicked in the abdomen when pregnant, beaten with hammers, sticks, branches, and hoses to the point of broken bones and fractured skulls, locked up with dogs or other animals, starved, shot with a stun gun, injected with poison, pushed off a rooftop, and subjected to severe psychological violence. Despite some impressive law reforms to address violence against women in Turkey, including the availability of civil protection orders, there are gaps in law and even greater failings in implementation, making the protection system unpredictable at best. Domestic violence shelters in Turkey, far too few to meet the demand, exclude certain categories of women, and in some cases have poor conditions and inadequate security. The Turkish government should amend the family protection law to fill the gaps and should systematically and proactively improve its implementation. Failing to do so constitutes not just a violation of Turkish law, but also violations of international and regional human rights law.