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Author: Markus Berli
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soils
Languages : en
Pages : 42
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Book Description
"The goal of this study was to provide an overview of how wildfires affect watershed hydrology; review current approaches to quantify wildfire effects on watershed hydrology geared towards solving watershed hydraulic engineering problems like flooding, erosion, sediment and debris yield as well as landslides; analyze available data on the persistence of wildfire effects on soil hydrologic properties as a basis to derive a wildfire effect recovery function; and identify current gaps of knowledge and outline how to fill them within upcoming research efforts"--P. iii.
Author: Markus Berli
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soils
Languages : en
Pages : 42
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Book Description
"The goal of this study was to provide an overview of how wildfires affect watershed hydrology; review current approaches to quantify wildfire effects on watershed hydrology geared towards solving watershed hydraulic engineering problems like flooding, erosion, sediment and debris yield as well as landslides; analyze available data on the persistence of wildfire effects on soil hydrologic properties as a basis to derive a wildfire effect recovery function; and identify current gaps of knowledge and outline how to fill them within upcoming research efforts"--P. iii.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309121086
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 181
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Book Description
Of all the outputs of forests, water may be the most important. Streamflow from forests provides two-thirds of the nation's clean water supply. Removing forest cover accelerates the rate that precipitation becomes streamflow; therefore, in some areas, cutting trees causes a temporary increase in the volume of water flowing downstream. This effect has spurred political pressure to cut trees to increase water supply, especially in western states where population is rising. However, cutting trees for water gains is not sustainable: increases in flow rate and volume are typically short-lived, and the practice can ultimately degrade water quality and increase vulnerability to flooding. Forest hydrology, the study of how water flows through forests, can help illuminate the connections between forests and water, but it must advance if it is to deal with today's complexities, including climate change, wildfires, and changing patterns of development and ownership. This book identifies actions that scientists, forest and water managers, and citizens can take to help sustain water resources from forests.
Author: Mike Stone (Hydrologist)
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781907161322
Category : Fire
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
There is increasing global concern over the impacts of landscape disturbance by wildfire on a range of aquatic ecosystem services and drinking water supply. Profound and often irreversible changes in river ecosystem function, geomorphology, water quality and water supply occur due to the severity and magnitude of wildfire-related landscape disturbance. Such impacts have important management implications for source water supply and protection at the catchment scale.
Author: S. LAWRENCE DINGMAN.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781788828208
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Sangki Lee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Water-supply
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Book Description
Available studies on the effects of wildfire on water yield were conducted in small size watersheds (10km2) and little is known on the scalability of those findings to large watersheds. However, the frequency and occurrence of wildfires that burn large watersheds (100km2) have been increasing in the last decades, resulting on the need to predict their impacts on watershed hydrology. The impact of wildfire on watershed annual water yield is constrained by a complex interaction among several processes, which include hydrologic, geologic, ecologic, climatic alterations. This study investigates short- and long-term responses of annual water yield changes due to wildfire in large watersheds within a paired watershed framework. We, also, propose a new theoretical approach based on the Budyko framework to predict the change in annual water yield due to wildfires, which was originally proposed to explore alterations of water and energy balance within burned watersheds. Long-term responses of annual water yield were predicted by analyzing residuals between annual water yields measured in the field and estimated with paired watershed regression models. Paired watershed analyses were applied to 34 pairs between 11 burned watersheds and 8 unburned watersheds in the Salmon River and Payette River basin (Central Idaho USA), Yellowstone National Park (Wyoming, USA), and Klamath River basin (California, USA). The Budyko framework was conducted in 8 burned watersheds for 10 wildfires, were statistically significant from paired watershed analyses. The Budyko framework was applied both at the yearly time scale (one point for each year) and as originally developed as time averaged (one point for pre and one for post-fire period). This study employed (1) a simple linear model with evaporative index (AET/P) and (2) Fu [1981]'s equation with relative evaporative index (1-Q/P). Results show that annual water yield generally increases after wildfires that burned more than 10% of drainage area with negligible and undetectable changes for smaller burned areas. Exceptions to this trend are for watersheds whose hydrological system is dominated by baseflows (with large ground water storage) and those whose wildfire mainly burned short vegetation. Annual water yield tends to return toward pre-fire condition following the Kuczera's curve, which is related with changes in water demand following regrowth or resuccession of burned trees/vegetation. Post-fire annual water yield increased with burned area, and this correlation was more evident in Mediterranean than in arid climate regions. Post-fire change in annual water yield increases proportionally with drainage area in small watersheds, but this relationship is limited in large watersheds. Results of the Budyko framework show decrease in evapotranspiration rate in most burned watersheds. Reduction in evapotranspiration results in an increase of annual water yield. On the other hand, increase in evaporative index was detected in burned watershed where trees grew quickly during the post-fire period. Climatic conditions can affect the hydrological response during post-fire. Weather condition is an important factor for estimating the annual water yield responses against wildfire. Budyko framework shows that wildfire impact is mitigated under wet weather condition or enhanced under dry weather condition. Results of paired watershed analysis and Budyko framework show a good agreement that post-fire annual water yield responses are strongly correlated with changes in evapotranspiration rate associated with tree mortality or regrowth rate.
Author: Luke M. Telfer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Forest hydrology
Languages : en
Pages : 79
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Book Description
"Severe wildfire disturbances are becoming increasingly common in high-elevation forests of the western United States. These fires alter watershed hydrologic processes, threatening critical downstream water resources and aquatic ecosystems. However, watershed-scale postfire hydrologic responses and water balance changes are highly uncertain. While postfire effects on individual processes such as runoff, infiltration, evapotranspiration, and snow dynamics are relatively well known, the role of wildfire spatial patterns in governing hydrologic connectivity and interactions between water balance components is poorly understood due to challenges associated with measuring and comparing fires at large scales. This thesis aims to examine pattern-related postfire interactions between various hydrologic processes using computational modeling. Our goals are to identify the primary underlying relationships and to provide a methodological approach upon which a more comprehensive understanding of postfire watershed hydrology can be built."--Boise State University ScholarWorks.
Author: Henry W. Anderson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Floods
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
Author: C.J. Ritsema
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080523218
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 359
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Book Description
It has become clear that soil water repellency is much more wide-spread than formerly thought. Water repellency has been reported in most continents of the world for varying land uses and climatic conditions. Soil water repellency often leads to severe runoff and erosion, rapid leaching of surface-applied agrichemicals, and losses of water and nutrient availability for crops. At present, no optimum management strategies exist for water repellent soils, focusing on minimizing environmental risks while maintaining crop production. The book starts with a historical overview of water repellency research, followed by seven thematic sections covering 26 research chapters. The first section discusses the origin, the second the assessment, and the third the occurrence and hydrological implications of soil water repellency. The fourth section is devoted to the effect of fire on water repellency, section five deals with the physics and modeling of flow and transport in water repellent soils, section six presents amelioration techniques and farming strategies to combat soil water repellency, and section seven concludes the book with an extensive bibliography on soil water repellency.
Author: Devendra Amatya
Publisher: CABI
ISBN: 1780646607
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 309
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Book Description
Forests cover approximately 26% of the world's land surface area and represent a distinct biotic community. They interact with water and soil in a variety of ways, providing canopy surfaces which trap precipitation and allow evaporation back into the atmosphere, thus regulating how much water reaches the forest floor as through fall, as well as pull water from the soil for transpiration. The discipline "forest hydrology" has been developed throughout the 20th century. During that time human intervention in natural landscapes has increased, and land use and management practices have intensified. The book will be useful for graduate students, professionals, land managers, practitioners, and researchers with a good understanding of the basic principles of hydrology and hydrologic processes.
Author: Ryan Logan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrologic models
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
