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Author: Hiva Hedayati
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Frequency synthesizers
Languages : en
Pages : 166
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Book Description
Author: Hiva Hedayati
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Frequency synthesizers
Languages : en
Pages : 166
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Book Description
Author: Golsa Ghiaasi-Hafezi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Abstract: In this thesis the design of low phase noise frequency synthesizers for emerging wireless applications is investigated. The future wireless applications employ Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) in order to combat the harsh mobile environment effects on the signal, such as Doppler effect or Multi-path fading. However, OFDM imposes the stringent integrated phase noise requirement to maintain the orthogonality of the subcarriers. The emerging applications also require broadband functionality to cover the multiple bands specified by different application using a single frequency synthesizer. Particularly, this thesis focuses on the design of SD fractional-N frequency synthesizers for OFDM based applications. SD fractional-N PLLs have proven to be a very good candidate for the emerging OFDM-based radios which require employment of fast switching low phase noise frequency synthesizers. The issue of spectral Purity in SD PLLs is discussed, and the issue of phase noise and fractional spurs is investigated. Considering the loop dynamics, the optimal design for low phase noise is described. The problem of noise folding and its impact on spur cancellation is studied. A type-I second order PLL is designed which inherently eliminates the sources of nonlinearity in the signal path. The LO generation scheme is proposed to cover the three bands of WiMAX application centered at 2.5, 3.5 and 5.5 GHz by utilizing a broadband PLL. The design employs a uniformly sampled two state PFD and a discrete on-chip filter. A cancellation DAC in embedded in the PFD which is used to cancel out the phase induced by quantization error. The design enhances the noise folding and spur performance and satisfies the stringent integrated phase noise requirement of the application. As a critical part of the top-down design, a system study for a dual-band DVB-H tuner is presented. The tuner's various requirements in terms of linearity, gain and noise are derived. The required of phase noise of the PLL is calculated on the basis of the blocker profile of the tuner. The direct conversion architecture is adopted for the design and the specification of various blocks in the radio is derived in order to satisfy the required performance. The LO generation scheme for dual band local oscillator is proposed. Finally, the design of key circuits in the PLL loop is presented. The wideband VCO for triple WiMAX application is utilizing an amplitude regulation scheme to minimize supply pushing and improve the spectral purity. The high-speed multi-modulus divider design is presented. The design of high-speed broadband divide-by-32/33 dual modulus prescaler is described.
Author: Andrea Leonardo Lacaita
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139466097
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 9
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Book Description
The increasingly demanding performance requirements of communications systems, as well as problems posed by the continued scaling of silicon technology, present numerous challenges for the design of frequency synthesizers in modern transceivers. This book contains everything you need to know for the efficient design of frequency synthesizers for today's communications applications. If you need to optimize performance and minimize design time, you will find this book invaluable. Using an intuitive yet rigorous approach, the authors describe simple analytical methods for the design of phase locked loop (PLL) frequency synthesizers using scaled silicon CMOS and bipolar technologies. The entire design process, from system-level specification to layout, is covered comprehensively. Practical design examples are included, and implementation issues are addressed. A key problem-solving resource for practitioners in IC design, the book will also be of interest to researchers and graduate students in electrical engineering.
Author: Chinmaya Mishra
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The allocation of frequency spectrum by the FCC for Ultra Wideband (UWB) communications in the 3.1-10.6 GHz has paved the path for very high data rate Gb/s wireless communications. Frequency synthesis in these communication systems involves great challenges such as high frequency and wideband operation in addition to stringent requirements on frequency hopping time and coexistence with other wireless standards. This research proposes frequency generation schemes for such radio systems and their integrated implementations in silicon based technologies. Special emphasis is placed on efficient frequency planning and other system level considerations for building compact and practical systems for carrier frequency generation in an integrated UWB radio. This work proposes a frequency band plan for multiband OFDM based UWB radios in the 3.1-10.6 GHz range. Based on this frequency plan, two 11-band frequency synthesizers are designed, implemented and tested making them one of the first frequency synthesizers for UWB covering 78% of the licensed spectrum. The circuits are implemented in 0.25[mu]m SiGe BiCMOS and the architectures are based on a single VCO at a fixed frequency followed by an array of dividers, multiplexers and single sideband (SSB) mixers to generate the 11 required bands in quadrature with fast hopping in much less than 9.5 ns. One of the synthesizers is integrated and tested as part of a 3-10 GHz packaged receiver. It draws 80 mA current from a 2.5 V supply and occupies an area of 2.25 mm2. Finally, an architecture for a UWB synthesizer is proposed that is based on a single multiband quadrature VCO, a programmable integer divider with 50% duty cycle and a single sideband mixer. A frequency band plan is proposed that greatly relaxes the tuning range requirement of the multiband VCO and leads to a very digitally intensive architecture for wideband frequency synthesis suitable for implementation in deep submicron CMOS processes. A design in 130nm CMOS occupies less than 1 mm2 while consuming 90 mW. This architecture provides an efficient solution in terms of area and power consumption with very low complexity.
Author: Ulrich L. Rohde
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780471520191
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 664
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Book Description
Over the past decade, great strides have been made in the technology of microwave oscillators and synthesizers, with digital frequency synthesizers in particular attracting much attention. These synthesizers are now being used in virtually all modern signal generators and radio communication equipment. Until now, however, detailed information about their design has been hard to come by-much of it scattered through journal articles-and most books on the subject have taken a primarily theoretical approach. Enter Microwave and Wireless Synthesizers-the first book to emphasize both practical circuit information from RF to millimeter-wave frequencies and up-to-date theory. Based on course material taught by author Ulrich L. Rohde at George Washington University and recent work done by the author at Compact Software, Inc. and Synergy Microwave Corporation, this volume is a complete revision and update of Rohde's landmark text, Digital PLL Frequency Synthesizers: Theory and Design. While it provides all the necessary theory and formulas, it also offers an in-depth look at the practical side of the phase-lock loop (PLL) in synthesizers-including special loops, loop components, and practical circuits-material that is not available in any other book. Rohde explains loop fundamentals, demonstrates the linear approach to oscillator phase noise, discusses the digital direct synthesizer technique, addresses low noise oscillator design, and provides insight into the role and design of crystal oscillators, mixers, phase/frequency discriminators, wideband high-gain amplifiers, programmable dividers, and loop filters. He goes on to cover conventional multiloop synthesizers and survey existing state-of-the-art microwave synthesizer applications. Extensive appendices review the mathematics of useful functions and various applications, including even the complex nonlinear theory of noise in large signal systems such as mixers and oscillators. Microwave and Wireless Synthesizers allows anyone with a PC running either Windows 3.11 or Windows NT to explore real-world design. It uses programs for the solution of digital phase-lock loop systems, tabulates the results, and shows how Bode diagrams are determined by the computer's graphic capabilities. It also includes examples using commercially available linear and nonlinear CAD programs to provide accurate evaluation and optimization of oscillators and other useful circuits and many practical charts. For companies involved in test and communication equipment, this book reduces design and research costs by providing a large number of proven circuits and expediting the design process. It is also an outstanding senior/graduate level textbook for electrical engineering students and an invaluable resource for practicing engineers, senior engineers, and managers who would like to be able to evaluate new trends and techniques in the field.
Author: Pandelani Reuben Munyai
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Frequency synthesizers
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Book Description
Wireless communication systems are based on frequency synthesizers that generate carrier signals, which are used to transmit information. Frequency synthesizers use voltage controlled oscillators (VCO) to produce the required frequencies within a specified period of time. In the process of generating frequency, the VCO and other electronic components such as amplifiers produce some unwanted short-term frequency variations, which cause frequency instability within the frequency of interest known as phase noise (PN). PN has a negative impact on the performance of the overall wireless communication system. A literature study conducted on this research reveals that the existing PN cancellation techniques have some limitations and drawbacks that require further attention. A new PN correction technique based on the combination of least mean square (LMS) adaptive filtering and single-loop single-bit Sigma Delta (SD) modulator is proposed. The new design is also based on the Cascaded Resonator Feedback (CRFB) architecture. The noise transfer function (NTF) of the architecture was formulated in way that made it possible to stabilize the frequency fluctuations within the in-band (frequency of interest) by locating its poles and zeros within the unit circle. The new design was simulated and tested on a commercially available software tool called Agilent Advanced Design System (ADS). Simulation results show that the new technique achieves better results when compared with existing techniques as it achieves a 104 dB signal-to-noise (SNR), which is an improvement of 9 dB when compared with the existing technique accessed from the latest publications. The new design also achieves a clean signal with minimal spurious tones within the inband with a phase noise level of -141 dBc/Hz (lower phase noise level by 28 dBc/Hz) when compared with the existing techniques.
Author: Mohammad Farazian
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461404894
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 158
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Book Description
Overcoming the agility limitations of conventional frequency synthesizers in multi-band OFDM ultra wideband is a key research goal in digital technology. This volume outlines a frequency plan that can generate all the required frequencies from a single fixed frequency, able to implement center frequencies with no more than two levels of SSB mixing. It recognizes the need for future synthesizers to bypass on-chip inductors and operate at low voltages to enable the increased integration and efficiency of networked appliances. The author examines in depth the architecture of the dividers that generate the necessary frequencies from a single base frequency and are capable of establishing a fractional division ratio. Presenting the first CMOS inductorless single PLL 14-band frequency synthesizer for MB-OFDMUWB makes this volume a key addition to the literature, and with the synthesizer capable of arbitrary band-hopping in less than two nanoseconds, it operates well within the desired range on a 1.2-volt power supply. The author’s close analysis of the operation, stability, and phase noise of injection-locked regenerative frequency dividers will provide researchers and technicians with much food for developmental thought.
Author: Aleksandar Tasic
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402099177
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Book Description
The idea for this book originated from a Special Session on Circuits and Systems for Future Generations of Wireless Communications that was presented at the 2005 InternationalSymposiumon Circuits and Systems, which was then followed by two Special Issues bearing the same title that appeared in the March and April 2008 issues of the IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems – Part II: Express Briefs. Out of a large number of great contributions, we have selected those tting best the book format based on their quality. We would like to thank all the authors, the reviewers of the Transactions on Circuits and Systems – Part II, and the reviewers of the nal book material for their efforts in creating this manuscript. We also thank the Springer Editorial Staff for their support in putting together all the good work. We hope that this book will provide you, the reader, with new insights into Circuits and Systems for Future Generations of Wireless Communications.
Author: W. Pam Siriwongpairat
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470179759
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
The only book that provides full coverage of UWB multiband OFDM technology Ultra-wideband (UWB) has emerged as a technology that offers great promise to satisfy the growing demand for low-cost, high-speed digital networks. The enormous bandwidth available, the potential for high data rates, and the promise for small size and low processing power with reduced implementation cost all present a unique opportunity for UWB to become a widely adopted radio solution for future wireless home networking technology. Ultra-Wideband Communications Systems is the first book to provide comprehensive coverage of the fundamental and advanced issues related to UWB technology, with a particular focus on multiband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (multiband OFDM). The multiband OFDM approach was a leading method in the IEEE 802.15.3astandard and has recently been standardized by ECMA International. The book also explores several major advanced state-of-the-art technologies to enhance the performance of the standardized multiband OFDM approach. Additional coverage includes: * Characteristics of UWB channels * An overview of UWB single-band and multiband OFDM approaches * MIMO multiband OFDM * Performance characterization * Performance under practical considerations * Differential multiband OFDM * Power-controlled channel allocation * Cooperative UWB multiband OFDM Complete with pointers for future research opportunities to enhance the performance of UWB multiband OFDM technology over current and future wireless networks, this is an indispensable resource for graduate students, engineers, and academic and industrial researchers involved with UWB.
Author: Ulrich L. Rohde
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119666090
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 816
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Book Description
The new edition of the leading resource on designing digital frequency synthesizers from microwave and wireless applications, fully updated to reflect the most modern integrated circuits and semiconductors Microwave and Wireless Synthesizers: Theory and Design, Second Edition, remains the standard text on the subject by providing complete and up-to-date coverage of both practical and theoretical aspects of modern frequency synthesizers and their components. Featuring contributions from leading experts in the field, this classic volume describes loop fundamentals, noise and spurious responses, special loops, loop components, multiloop synthesizers, and more. Practical synthesizer examples illustrate the design of a high-performance hybrid synthesizer and performance measurement techniques—offering readers clear instruction on the various design steps and design rules. The second edition includes extensively revised content throughout, including a modern approach to dealing with the noise and spurious response of loops and updated material on digital signal processing and architectures. Reflecting today’s technology, new practical and validated examples cover a combination of analog and digital synthesizers and hybrid systems. Enhanced and expanded chapters discuss implementations of direct digital synthesis (DDS) architectures, the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), crystal and other high-Q based oscillators, arbitrary waveform generation, vector signal generation, and other current tools and techniques. Now requiring no additional literature to be useful, this comprehensive, one-stop resource: Provides a fully reviewed, updated, and enhanced presentation of microwave and wireless synthesizers Presents a clear mathematical method for designing oscillators for best noise performance at both RF and microwave frequencies Contains new illustrations, figures, diagrams, and examples Includes extensive appendices to aid in calculating phase noise in free-running oscillators, designing VHF and UHF oscillators with CAD software, using state-of-the-art synthesizer chips, and generating millimeter wave frequencies using the delay line principle Containing numerous designs of proven circuits and more than 500 relevant citations from scientific journal and papers, Microwave and Wireless Synthesizers: Theory and Design, Second Edition, is a must-have reference for engineers working in the field of radio communication, and the perfect textbook for advanced electri
