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Author: Aneta Ciupek
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788449074400
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 228
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Book Description
Polonia y Alemania se abastecen de fuentes de carbón similares, sin embargo, estos dos países desarrollan políticas completamente diferentes en el ámbito del marco energético y climático de la Unión Europea. Alemania, hasta el año 2080, se centra en una proporción energética del 80% en energías renovables. Esta política medioambiental parte de substituir el combustible fósil por un modelo más sostenible energéticamente y de baja emisión de carbono basado en un sistema descentralizado del suministro con mayor participación ciudadana. En otras palabras, la estrategia energética y climática de Alemania está en la línea con la política de la UE en este campo. Por lo contrario, Polonia está en el polo opuesto. Incluso con una perspectiva a largo plazo, hasta el año 2050, el carbón se prevé ser el combustible de energía primaria en el país. El modelo energético con bajas emisiones de carbono que promueve la UE se prevé por ahora costoso económicamente para lograr la aplicación de una nueva tecnología de captura y almacenamiento de carbono (CCS). Además, el modelo actual centralizado de generación de energía (con participación de las empresas energéticas estatales) está ganando peso respecto al modelo de producción de energía descentralizada que podría construirse utilizando el potencial y la voluntad de los consumidores y ciudadanos polacos. ¿Por qué Polonia desarrolla políticas diferentes a las de Alemania en el ámbito del marco energético y climático de la UE? Para entregar la respuesta más holística a la pregunta anterior se ha aplicado la llamada teoría del "constructivismo psicológico" de Richard N. Lebow (2008). El autor afirma que detrás de la decisión política de cada Estado hay diferentes motivos: espíritu, apetito y razón. También distingue el miedo como emoción. Sin embargo muchas investigaciones se han hecho en el campo de la seguridad energética con la política rusa siendo habitualmente la primera causa de la raíz de este miedo. Aunque el aspecto ruso también se discute, el siguiente trabajo analiza cómo la perspectiva que se adopta para desarrollar la estrategia energética del país puede verse influenciada por la aparición de los distintos motivos de Lebow a nivel estatal, tanto en Polonia como en Alemania. Estos dos países desarrollan diferentes políticas en el campo del clima y la energía principalmente a causa de los motivos distintivos que impulsan a ambos países. Por otra parte, se ha detectado que muy a menudo estos motivos (espíritu, apetito y razón) tienen una connotación de forma distinta para Alemania y Polonia, afectando así a sus políticas medioambientales y de sostenibilidad energéticas. Finalmente, el presente trabajo incluye también tres aspectos principales del marco climático y energético (reducción de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, eficiencia y energías renovables) y presta atención al desarrollo de fuentes alternativas de energía. Por esta razón, se ha analizado la legislación polaca y alemana en el campo de las energías renovables hasta el estado actual con indicaciones de antecedentes.
Author: Aneta Ciupek
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788449074400
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 228
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Book Description
Polonia y Alemania se abastecen de fuentes de carbón similares, sin embargo, estos dos países desarrollan políticas completamente diferentes en el ámbito del marco energético y climático de la Unión Europea. Alemania, hasta el año 2080, se centra en una proporción energética del 80% en energías renovables. Esta política medioambiental parte de substituir el combustible fósil por un modelo más sostenible energéticamente y de baja emisión de carbono basado en un sistema descentralizado del suministro con mayor participación ciudadana. En otras palabras, la estrategia energética y climática de Alemania está en la línea con la política de la UE en este campo. Por lo contrario, Polonia está en el polo opuesto. Incluso con una perspectiva a largo plazo, hasta el año 2050, el carbón se prevé ser el combustible de energía primaria en el país. El modelo energético con bajas emisiones de carbono que promueve la UE se prevé por ahora costoso económicamente para lograr la aplicación de una nueva tecnología de captura y almacenamiento de carbono (CCS). Además, el modelo actual centralizado de generación de energía (con participación de las empresas energéticas estatales) está ganando peso respecto al modelo de producción de energía descentralizada que podría construirse utilizando el potencial y la voluntad de los consumidores y ciudadanos polacos. ¿Por qué Polonia desarrolla políticas diferentes a las de Alemania en el ámbito del marco energético y climático de la UE? Para entregar la respuesta más holística a la pregunta anterior se ha aplicado la llamada teoría del "constructivismo psicológico" de Richard N. Lebow (2008). El autor afirma que detrás de la decisión política de cada Estado hay diferentes motivos: espíritu, apetito y razón. También distingue el miedo como emoción. Sin embargo muchas investigaciones se han hecho en el campo de la seguridad energética con la política rusa siendo habitualmente la primera causa de la raíz de este miedo. Aunque el aspecto ruso también se discute, el siguiente trabajo analiza cómo la perspectiva que se adopta para desarrollar la estrategia energética del país puede verse influenciada por la aparición de los distintos motivos de Lebow a nivel estatal, tanto en Polonia como en Alemania. Estos dos países desarrollan diferentes políticas en el campo del clima y la energía principalmente a causa de los motivos distintivos que impulsan a ambos países. Por otra parte, se ha detectado que muy a menudo estos motivos (espíritu, apetito y razón) tienen una connotación de forma distinta para Alemania y Polonia, afectando así a sus políticas medioambientales y de sostenibilidad energéticas. Finalmente, el presente trabajo incluye también tres aspectos principales del marco climático y energético (reducción de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, eficiencia y energías renovables) y presta atención al desarrollo de fuentes alternativas de energía. Por esta razón, se ha analizado la legislación polaca y alemana en el campo de las energías renovables hasta el estado actual con indicaciones de antecedentes.
Author: Aleksandra Lis
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0429515111
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
Climate and Energy Politics in Poland: Debating Carbon Dioxide and Shale Gas presents a new, object-oriented perspective on the challenge faced by Poland, the largest post-socialist EU member state from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), to produce knowledge about its energy system in the context of climate change. Drawing on data from five different research projects and two hundred interviews, Lis reflects on how EU accession forced Poland to mobilize their resources and produce expertise on carbon dioxide and shale gas, in order to actively participate in the debates around EU climate change ambitions and goals. A significant lack of capacity and expert institutions made it difficult for Poland to quickly assess the impacts of EU legislation or to propose new solutions for itself, and it is precisely this struggle for knowledge production that will be examined during the course of the book. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of energy and resource politics, climate change, EU environmental policy and CEE studies more broadly.
Author: Jon Birger Skjærseth
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1785361287
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 279
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Book Description
Based on an innovative theoretical framework combining theories of EU policy making, negotiation and implementation, this comprehensive book examines EU climate and energy policies from the early 1990s until the adoption of new policies for 2030. The authors investigate how the linking of climate and energy concerns in policy packages has facilitated agreement among EU leaders with very different policy ambitions. Employing in-depth studies from a diverse range of energy-economic countries, the book also explores the impact of the implementation of policies on the climate and energy policy framework and the Energy Union initiative. Social scientists and researchers in EU climate and energy policies will find the new empirical data and theoretical approach useful to their work. Students of the social sciences and politics will also benefit from the accessible overview of EU climate and energy policy development. This book will also be of interest to private and public decision-makers looking for explanations for the causes and consequences of EU climate and energy policy development.
Author: Andreas Lorek
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 363858349X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 126
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Book Description
Master's Thesis from the year 2006 in the subject Politics - Region: Eastern Europe, grade: 1,5 , European University Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder), language: English, abstract: Im Zuge des Beitrittsprozesses zur EU entwickelte Polen sein Konzept der ‚Eastern Dimension’. Der ehemalige polnische Außenminister Bronisław Geremek erklärte bei der Eröffnung der Beitrittsverhandlungen im Jahre 1998 zum ersten Mal den Wunsch einer gemeinsamen europäischen Ostpolitik. Bisher wurde dieser Vorschlag Polens nicht (bzw. nur in Bruchstücken) umgesetzt, alle polnischen Regierungen bis heute benennen die Implementierung einer ‚Eastern Dimension’ als Ziel der eigenen Außenpolitik. Auch die EU erkannte die Notwendigkeit, eine gemeinsame Politik für die neuen Nachbarn zu entwickeln. Der Rat der Europäischen Union beratschlagte im April 2002 zum ersten Mal über ‚Wider Europe’ und die Beziehungen der erweiterten EU zu den östlichen Nachbarn. In den folgenden Ratssitzungen wurde das Thema vertieft, allerdings wurde spätestens beim Europäischen Rat in Kopenhagen im Dezember 2002 klar, dass eine gemeinsame Europäische Nachbarschaftspolitk (ENP) für alle Nachbarländer der EU entwickelt werden sollte, die neue Politik sollte neben den osteuropäischen Staaten also auch die Länder des Mittelmeerraumes und zusätzlich die Kaukasus-Staaten umfassen. In meiner Master-Arbeit mit dem Titel „Poland’s role in the development of an ‚Eastern Dimension’ of the European Union“ bin ich der Frage nachgegangen, wieso der polnische Vorschlag nicht umgesetzt wurde. Welche Interessensunterschiede oder Umstände führten dazu, dass keine neue Regionalpolitik für die östlichen Anrainerstaaten definiert wurde? Durch einen Vergleich der zentralen Dokumente der ‚Eastern Dimension’ und der ENP konnte ich die wesentlichen Unterschiede dieser beiden Politiken analysieren. Wichtig war natürlich auch der derzeitige Stand der Beziehungen zwischen der EU und den östlichen Nachbarn. Die Teilnahme der Ukraine und Belarus in der ENP ist vorgesehen, bisher ist allerdings erst die Ukraine in die Gemeinschaftspolitik integriert. Die Teilnahme von Belarus in der ENP kann erst erfolgen, wenn demokratische Reformen durchgeführt werden. Die bilateralen Beziehungen zwischen Russland und der EU stellen sich als schwierig dar, Russland lehnt es ab im Rahmen der ENP mit der EU zu kooperieren.
Author: Paul G. Harris
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1847204260
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 432
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Book Description
This book is likely to become the definitive study on European global climate change politics. Its focus on the formulation, ratification, and implementation of the Kyoto Protocol within Europe make it essential reading for all who wish to understand how domestic foreign policy influenced the European Union s decision to ratify the Kyoto Protocol despite the United States decision to abandon the agreement. The book provides important historical background, case studies of the most influential European countries to shape the Kyoto Protocol, and an assessment of what enlargement means for the implementation of the agreement. It also examines how Europe s policies have shaped and been shaped by participation in the Kyoto negotiation and implementation processes. It will be an important item for the libraries of any institution or scholar with an interest in the role of Europe in addressing climate change. Miranda Schreurs, University of Maryland, US The core objective of this book is to better understand the role of foreign policy the crossovers and interactions between domestic and international politics and policies in efforts to preserve the environment and natural resources. Underlying this objective is the belief that it is not enough to analyze domestic or international political actors, institutions and processes by themselves. We need to understand the interactions among them, something that explicit thought about foreign policy can help us do. The eclectic group of contributors explore European and EU responses to global climate change, and provide insights into issues on environmental protection, sustainable development, international affairs and foreign policy.
Author: Tobias Dorn
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 334662093X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 91
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Book Description
Master's Thesis from the year 2021 in the subject Politics - Environmental Policy, grade: 1,3, Ruhr-University of Bochum (Fakultät für Sozialwissenschaft), language: English, abstract: For this Master’s thesis and the corresponding research question specifically, the nexus between the EU’s ambitions regarding climate change and the subsequent negotiations between its member states, serves as a starting point for the inquiry and analysis at hand. Germany’s and Poland’s coal dominated energy sectors seem to have played a major role in the outcome of the negotiations for the EU’s climate neutrality plan by 2050. That's why the analysis will focus on the debate about the coal-phase out in both Germany and Poland. The first chapter will provide an overview of the literature and the state of research regarding the coal phase-out in Germany and Poland. In the second chapter, the analytical framework will be presented in greater detail. This presentation of the analytical framework includes the introduction and description of the societal approach’s core assumptions and variables. Moreover, a brief outline of other domestic politics theories and the literature the societal approach is based on will be incorporated. The second chapter will further include the development of hypotheses that will be tested empirically in the subsequent case study. Following this, the third chapter will outline the research method and the operationalisation of the variables to be investigated. Further, this chapter will provide an explanation of the time frame of the study and the rationale for the selection of source material. The fourth chapter will consist of the actual comparative case study. This study will be divided into the German and the Polish case respectively. Each case’s examination will follow the same structure and will be comprised of three major sections. In the first section, an introduction to each case will provide general information about the state of affairs regarding coal energy on the domestic level and the government’s position on the matter. The following sections of each case study will be comprised of subchapters dedicated to the analysis of the societal approach’s three independent variables. The fifth and final chapter of this Master's thesis will take up and discuss the findings from the two case studies. The fifth and final chapter of this Master's thesis consists of a discussion of the research results. In this chapter, the findings from the empirical study are linked to the previously theorised assumptions.
Author: Neil Carter
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000288862
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 170
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Book Description
The characteristics of small states generate multiple and contradictory expectations concerning their climate policies and politics. Do small states perceive themselves as market- and rule-takers, which are largely irrelevant to a global problem, and which must prioritise international competitiveness above climate policy goals? Or do their institutions and their small size foster consensus, coordination, and nimble responses to a changing international scene, allowing them to attain competitive advantages and become climate leaders? Climate Politics in Small European States examines how the characteristics of small states structure climate politics and both enable and constrain ambitious climate policies. This volume contributes to our knowledge of how institutions, including electoral institutions and institutions of interest intermediation, actors such as parties, interest groups, individuals, governments, and ideas shape climate policy and politics. The volume also contributes to redressing a deficit in the attention given to smaller states in the study of comparative climate politics. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Environmental Politics.
Author: International Energy Agency
Publisher: Organization for Economic Co-Operation & Developme
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
The International Energy Agency's comprehensive 2011 review Poland's energy policies and programmes. The review finds that Poland has made commendable efforts to develop a solid energy policy framework over the last years. As energy security is a high policy priority, The country is enhancing gas supply security by building an LNG terminal, expanding underground storage capacity and increasing domestic gas production. Polish plans for developing electricity and gas cross-border links will also contribute to regional security of supply. In addition, The government has announced an ambitious nuclear programme by 2030, envisaging the first unit to enter operation by 2022. Other achievements include energy intensity improvements, An increased share of renewables and a stronger focus on energy research and development (R&D).Despite these positive developments, there is room for improving Poland's energy strategy. First, a more integrated energy and climate policy is needed to put Poland firmly on a low-carbon path while enhancing energy security. Second, energy policy could put more emphasis on promoting competition to make the energy markets more efficient. Decarbonising Poland's power sector will be a particularly significant challenge requiring huge investments. Coal accounts for 55% of Polish primary energy supply and 92% of electricity generation, raising significant climate change and environmental challenges. To this end, Poland's efforts to improve energy efficiency and to diversify the country's energy mix are praiseworthy and should be pursued. The government's attention to R&D on clean coal technologies, including carbon capture and storage (CCS) is also encouraging. The government could put more focus on the positive role that gas can play in decarbonising the electricity mix, especially if Poland's potential resources of unconventional gas are confirmed. To tap these resources, it will be vital to put the necessary legal and regulatory framework in place.
Author: Elżbieta Opiłowska
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000373177
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 277
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Book Description
This book explores the political and social dynamics of the bilateral relations between Germany and Poland at the national and subnational levels, taking into account the supranational dynamics, across such different policy areas as trade, foreign and security policy, energy, fiscal issues, health and social policy, migration and local governance. By studying the impact of the three explanatory categories – the historical legacy, interdependence and asymmetry – on the bilateral relationship, the book explores the patterns of cooperation and identifies the driving forces and hindering factors of the bilateral relationship. Covering the Polish–German relationship since 2004, it demonstrates, in a systematic way, that it does not qualify as embedded bilateralism. The relationship remains historically burdened and asymmetric, and thus it is not resilient to crises. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of European and EU Politics, German politics, East/Central European Politics, borderlands studies, and more broadly, for international relations, history and sociology.
Author: Jørgen Wettestad
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1137566744
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 130
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Book Description
This book draws upon a meticulous study of background documents and a string of fresh interviews to tell the fascinating story of how the EU’s climate flagship was significantly improved. The EU’s emissions trading system (ETS) covers almost half of its greenhouse gas emissions and has been hailed as the cornerstone and flagship of EU climate policy. But in spring 2013 the ETS was in severe crisis, with a huge surplus of allowances and a sagging carbon price. Even a formally simple measure to change the timing of auctioning was initially rejected by the European Parliament. Two years later a much more important ‘market thermostat’ was adopted (i.e. the Market Stability Reserve) and proposals for a complete ETS overhaul were put on the table. This book examines and explains how it was possible to turn the flagship around so quickly. Crucial changes at EU and national levels are identified, chief among them in Germany and the European Parliament.
