Author: Jenny Hocking
Publisher: Melbourne Univ. Publishing
ISBN: 0522862152
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 568
Book Description
Gough Whitlam, Australia’s twenty-first prime minister, swept to power in December 1972, ending twenty-three years of conservative rule. It was an ascendancy bitterly resented by some, never accepted by others, and ended with dismissal by the Governor-General barely three years later—an outcome that polarised debate and left many believing the full story had not been told.In this much anticipated second volume of her biography of Gough Whitlam, Hocking has used previously unearthed archival material and extensive interviews with Gough Whitlam, his family, colleagues and foes, to bring the key players in these dramatic events to life.Who was ‘the third man’ who counselled the Governor-General, Sir John Kerr, in his decision to sack the twice-elected Whitlam government and appoint Malcolm Fraser as prime minister? How much did the Palace know about what was happening? And what drove the Kerr to take the unprecedented action of removing an elected government from office?This definitive biography takes us behind the political intrigue to reveal a devastated Whitlam and his personal struggle in the aftermath of the dismissal, during the unfulfilled years that followed and his eventual political renewal as Australia’s ambassador to UNESCO. And of course, through the highs and the lows of his decades of public life Whitlam depended absolutely on the steadfast support of the love of his life, Margaret. For this is also the story of a remarkable marriage and an enduring partnership.The truth of this tumultuous period in Australia’s history is finally revealed in this engaging narrative—Gough Whitlam: His Time.
Gough Whitlam: His Time
Author: Jenny Hocking
Publisher: Melbourne Univ. Publishing
ISBN: 0522862152
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 568
Book Description
Gough Whitlam, Australia’s twenty-first prime minister, swept to power in December 1972, ending twenty-three years of conservative rule. It was an ascendancy bitterly resented by some, never accepted by others, and ended with dismissal by the Governor-General barely three years later—an outcome that polarised debate and left many believing the full story had not been told.In this much anticipated second volume of her biography of Gough Whitlam, Hocking has used previously unearthed archival material and extensive interviews with Gough Whitlam, his family, colleagues and foes, to bring the key players in these dramatic events to life.Who was ‘the third man’ who counselled the Governor-General, Sir John Kerr, in his decision to sack the twice-elected Whitlam government and appoint Malcolm Fraser as prime minister? How much did the Palace know about what was happening? And what drove the Kerr to take the unprecedented action of removing an elected government from office?This definitive biography takes us behind the political intrigue to reveal a devastated Whitlam and his personal struggle in the aftermath of the dismissal, during the unfulfilled years that followed and his eventual political renewal as Australia’s ambassador to UNESCO. And of course, through the highs and the lows of his decades of public life Whitlam depended absolutely on the steadfast support of the love of his life, Margaret. For this is also the story of a remarkable marriage and an enduring partnership.The truth of this tumultuous period in Australia’s history is finally revealed in this engaging narrative—Gough Whitlam: His Time.
Publisher: Melbourne Univ. Publishing
ISBN: 0522862152
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 568
Book Description
Gough Whitlam, Australia’s twenty-first prime minister, swept to power in December 1972, ending twenty-three years of conservative rule. It was an ascendancy bitterly resented by some, never accepted by others, and ended with dismissal by the Governor-General barely three years later—an outcome that polarised debate and left many believing the full story had not been told.In this much anticipated second volume of her biography of Gough Whitlam, Hocking has used previously unearthed archival material and extensive interviews with Gough Whitlam, his family, colleagues and foes, to bring the key players in these dramatic events to life.Who was ‘the third man’ who counselled the Governor-General, Sir John Kerr, in his decision to sack the twice-elected Whitlam government and appoint Malcolm Fraser as prime minister? How much did the Palace know about what was happening? And what drove the Kerr to take the unprecedented action of removing an elected government from office?This definitive biography takes us behind the political intrigue to reveal a devastated Whitlam and his personal struggle in the aftermath of the dismissal, during the unfulfilled years that followed and his eventual political renewal as Australia’s ambassador to UNESCO. And of course, through the highs and the lows of his decades of public life Whitlam depended absolutely on the steadfast support of the love of his life, Margaret. For this is also the story of a remarkable marriage and an enduring partnership.The truth of this tumultuous period in Australia’s history is finally revealed in this engaging narrative—Gough Whitlam: His Time.
The Truth of the Matter
Author: Gough Whitlam
Publisher: Melbourne Univ. Publishing
ISBN: 9780522852127
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 340
Book Description
On Remembrance Day, 1975, the Governor-General of Australia, Sir John Kerr, sacked the Prime Minister, Gough Whitlam. The Dismissal was the culmination of almost three years of political conflict, as Whitlam's reforming Labor government rammed home overdue legislative reforms in the face of implacable, and increasingly bitter, conservative opposition. The focus of the Opposition's scheming was the Senate, where its leaders blocked supply in order to force a political crisis. Whitlam, famous for his 'crash through or crash' style, refused to compromise with his political enemies. After consulting secretly with the Opposition Leader, Malcolm Fraser, and the Chief Justice, Sir Garfield Barwick, Kerr abruptly informed the PM that he had withdrawn his commission. Half an hour later, Kerr swore Fraser in as 'caretaker Prime Minister'. At an election a month later, the conservatives were returned to office. Controversy and recrimination followed. Many Australians, including Whitlam himself, believed he had been the victim of a coup. In 1979, he published his own account of the events of 1975, The Truth of the Matter, an instant best seller. Out of print for many years, it is republished by MUP on the thirtieth anniversary of the Dismissal, with a new introduction by the author and other new reference material. Passionate, pithy, learned, witty, and vigorously combative, The Truth of the Matter tells the extraordinary political story of the only Prime Minister of Australia ever deposed from office.
Publisher: Melbourne Univ. Publishing
ISBN: 9780522852127
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 340
Book Description
On Remembrance Day, 1975, the Governor-General of Australia, Sir John Kerr, sacked the Prime Minister, Gough Whitlam. The Dismissal was the culmination of almost three years of political conflict, as Whitlam's reforming Labor government rammed home overdue legislative reforms in the face of implacable, and increasingly bitter, conservative opposition. The focus of the Opposition's scheming was the Senate, where its leaders blocked supply in order to force a political crisis. Whitlam, famous for his 'crash through or crash' style, refused to compromise with his political enemies. After consulting secretly with the Opposition Leader, Malcolm Fraser, and the Chief Justice, Sir Garfield Barwick, Kerr abruptly informed the PM that he had withdrawn his commission. Half an hour later, Kerr swore Fraser in as 'caretaker Prime Minister'. At an election a month later, the conservatives were returned to office. Controversy and recrimination followed. Many Australians, including Whitlam himself, believed he had been the victim of a coup. In 1979, he published his own account of the events of 1975, The Truth of the Matter, an instant best seller. Out of print for many years, it is republished by MUP on the thirtieth anniversary of the Dismissal, with a new introduction by the author and other new reference material. Passionate, pithy, learned, witty, and vigorously combative, The Truth of the Matter tells the extraordinary political story of the only Prime Minister of Australia ever deposed from office.
Gough Whitlam
Author: Jenny Hocking
Publisher: The Miegunyah Press
ISBN: 0522855113
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 494
Book Description
This moment was not his alone, nor could it ever have come about without himaGough Whitlam turned to Graham Freudenberg, touched him lightly on the shoulder, saying, 'It's been a long road, Comrade, but we're there', and walked out to meet the spotlight... Acclaimed biographer Jenny Hocking's Gough Whitlam: A Moment in History is the first contemporary and definitive biographical study of the former Labor Prime Minister. From his childhood in the fledging city of Canberra to his first appearance as Prime Minister (playing Neville Chamberlain), to his extensive war service in the Pacific and marriage to Margaret, the champion swimmer and daughter of Justice Wilfred Dovey, the biography draws on previously unseen archival material, extensive interviews with family and colleagues, and exclusive interviews with Gough Whitlam himself. Hocking's narrative skill and scrupulous research reveals an extraordinary and complex man, whose life is, in every way, formed by the remarkable events of previous generations of his family, and who would, in turn, change Australian political and cultural developments in the twentieth century. Gough Whitlam: A Moment in History is a magnificent biography that illuminates the path that took one man to power.
Publisher: The Miegunyah Press
ISBN: 0522855113
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 494
Book Description
This moment was not his alone, nor could it ever have come about without himaGough Whitlam turned to Graham Freudenberg, touched him lightly on the shoulder, saying, 'It's been a long road, Comrade, but we're there', and walked out to meet the spotlight... Acclaimed biographer Jenny Hocking's Gough Whitlam: A Moment in History is the first contemporary and definitive biographical study of the former Labor Prime Minister. From his childhood in the fledging city of Canberra to his first appearance as Prime Minister (playing Neville Chamberlain), to his extensive war service in the Pacific and marriage to Margaret, the champion swimmer and daughter of Justice Wilfred Dovey, the biography draws on previously unseen archival material, extensive interviews with family and colleagues, and exclusive interviews with Gough Whitlam himself. Hocking's narrative skill and scrupulous research reveals an extraordinary and complex man, whose life is, in every way, formed by the remarkable events of previous generations of his family, and who would, in turn, change Australian political and cultural developments in the twentieth century. Gough Whitlam: A Moment in History is a magnificent biography that illuminates the path that took one man to power.
Gough Whitlam
Author: Jenny Hocking
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780522868050
Category : Australia
Languages : en
Pages : 512
Book Description
The definitive biography of Australia's twenty-first prime minister, Gough Whitlam, who swept to power in 1972, ending twenty-three years of conservative rule. His reform agenda modernised Australia and was ended with dismissal by the Governor-General three years later. Here for the first time in a two-volume box set, acclaimed author Professor Jenny Hocking reveals the full story of the man who transformed the nation and the powers that brought him down.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780522868050
Category : Australia
Languages : en
Pages : 512
Book Description
The definitive biography of Australia's twenty-first prime minister, Gough Whitlam, who swept to power in 1972, ending twenty-three years of conservative rule. His reform agenda modernised Australia and was ended with dismissal by the Governor-General three years later. Here for the first time in a two-volume box set, acclaimed author Professor Jenny Hocking reveals the full story of the man who transformed the nation and the powers that brought him down.
The Whitlam Mob
Author: Mungo MacCallum
Publisher: Black Inc.
ISBN: 1922231754
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 225
Book Description
“We were a motley mob, we sans-culottes of Canberra …” In this vastly entertaining book, Mungo MacCallum captures the spirit of a nation-changing time. He portrays the Whitlam government’s key figures – from Gough and Margaret to Lionel Murphy, Bill Hayden and Jim Cairns – as well as “the other mob” in opposition – Billy McMahon, John Gorton, Malcolm Fraser and many more. The Whitlam Mob addresses some crucial questions: What was the night of the long prawns? Who was the playboy of the parliament? And who was “the toe-cutter”? This is Mungo at his best: vivid and barbed, nostalgic but always clear-eyed.
Publisher: Black Inc.
ISBN: 1922231754
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 225
Book Description
“We were a motley mob, we sans-culottes of Canberra …” In this vastly entertaining book, Mungo MacCallum captures the spirit of a nation-changing time. He portrays the Whitlam government’s key figures – from Gough and Margaret to Lionel Murphy, Bill Hayden and Jim Cairns – as well as “the other mob” in opposition – Billy McMahon, John Gorton, Malcolm Fraser and many more. The Whitlam Mob addresses some crucial questions: What was the night of the long prawns? Who was the playboy of the parliament? And who was “the toe-cutter”? This is Mungo at his best: vivid and barbed, nostalgic but always clear-eyed.
The Palace Letters
Author: Professor Jenny Hocking
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781922310248
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 288
Book Description
What role did the queen play in the governor-general Sir John Kerr's plans to dismiss prime minister Gough Whitlam in 1975, which unleashed one of the most divisive episodes in Australia's political history? And why weren't we told? Under the cover of being designated as private correspondence, the letters between the queen and the governor-general about the dismissal have been locked away for decades in the National Archives of Australia, and embargoed by the queen potentially forever. This ruse has furthered the fiction that the queen and the Palace had no warning of or role in Kerr's actions. In the face of this, Professor Jenny Hocking embarked on a four-year legal battle to force the Archives to release the letters. In 2015, she mounted a crowd-funded campaign, securing a stellar pro bono team that took her case all the way to the High Court of Australia. Now, drawing on never-before-published material from Kerr's archives and her submissions to the court, Hocking traces the collusion and deception behind the dismissal, and charts the private role of High Court judges, the queen's private secretary, and the leader of the opposition, Malcolm Fraser, in Kerr's actions, and the prior knowledge of the queen and Prince Charles. Hocking also reveals the obstruction, intrigue, and duplicity she faced, raising disturbing questions about the role of the National Archives in preventing access to its own historical material and in enforcing royal secrecy over its documents.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781922310248
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 288
Book Description
What role did the queen play in the governor-general Sir John Kerr's plans to dismiss prime minister Gough Whitlam in 1975, which unleashed one of the most divisive episodes in Australia's political history? And why weren't we told? Under the cover of being designated as private correspondence, the letters between the queen and the governor-general about the dismissal have been locked away for decades in the National Archives of Australia, and embargoed by the queen potentially forever. This ruse has furthered the fiction that the queen and the Palace had no warning of or role in Kerr's actions. In the face of this, Professor Jenny Hocking embarked on a four-year legal battle to force the Archives to release the letters. In 2015, she mounted a crowd-funded campaign, securing a stellar pro bono team that took her case all the way to the High Court of Australia. Now, drawing on never-before-published material from Kerr's archives and her submissions to the court, Hocking traces the collusion and deception behind the dismissal, and charts the private role of High Court judges, the queen's private secretary, and the leader of the opposition, Malcolm Fraser, in Kerr's actions, and the prior knowledge of the queen and Prince Charles. Hocking also reveals the obstruction, intrigue, and duplicity she faced, raising disturbing questions about the role of the National Archives in preventing access to its own historical material and in enforcing royal secrecy over its documents.
Abiding Interests
Author: Gough Whitlam
Publisher: University of Queensland Press(Australia)
ISBN:
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 372
Book Description
When he became Prime Minister in December 1972 Gough Whitlam was the first Labor Prime Minister for 23 years. Within days he had abolished conscription, withdrawn the remaining Australian troops from Viet Nam, negotiated diplomatic relations with China and initiated Federal aid to State and church schools and land rights for Aborigines. In this new book, completed after his 80th birthday, Whitlam reviews his career, examines the repercussions of the US withdrawal from Viet Nam and the Portuguese withdrawal from Timor in 1975 and the break-up of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. He discusses the decline of the Hawke Government, the rise and fall of Paul Keating and the resuscitation of John Howard. And he speculates about the future of our nation, and propounds the case for a Federal Republic.
Publisher: University of Queensland Press(Australia)
ISBN:
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 372
Book Description
When he became Prime Minister in December 1972 Gough Whitlam was the first Labor Prime Minister for 23 years. Within days he had abolished conscription, withdrawn the remaining Australian troops from Viet Nam, negotiated diplomatic relations with China and initiated Federal aid to State and church schools and land rights for Aborigines. In this new book, completed after his 80th birthday, Whitlam reviews his career, examines the repercussions of the US withdrawal from Viet Nam and the Portuguese withdrawal from Timor in 1975 and the break-up of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. He discusses the decline of the Hawke Government, the rise and fall of Paul Keating and the resuscitation of John Howard. And he speculates about the future of our nation, and propounds the case for a Federal Republic.
Tiberius with a Telephone
Author: Patrick Mullins
Publisher: Scribe Publications
ISBN: 1925693325
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 547
Book Description
Winner of the 2020 Australian National Biography Award and the 2020 NSW Premier’s Non-Fiction Award. The oddly compelling story of a man regarded as Australia’s worst prime minister. William McMahon was a significant, if widely derided and disliked, figure in Australian politics in the second half of the twentieth century. This biography tells the story of his life, his career, and his doomed attempts to recast views of his much-maligned time as Australia’s prime minister. After a long ministerial career under Menzies, McMahon became treasurer under Harold Holt, and fought a fierce, bitter war over protectionism with John McEwen. Following Holt’s death in 1967, McEwen had his revenge by vetoing McMahon’s candidature for the Liberal Party’s leadership, and thus paved the way for John Gorton to become prime minister. But almost three years later, amid acrimony and division, McMahon would topple Gorton and fulfill his life’s ambition to become Australia’s prime minister. In office, McMahon worked furiously to enact an agenda that grappled with the profound changes reshaping Australia. He withdrew combat forces from Vietnam, legislated for Commonwealth government involvement in childcare, established the National Urban and Regional Development Authority and the first Department of the Environment, began phasing out the means test on pensions, sought to control foreign investments, and accelerated the timetable for the independence of Papua New Guinea. But his failures would overshadow his successes, and by the time of the 1972 election McMahon would lead a divided, tired, and rancorous party to defeat. A man whose life was coloured by tragedy, comedy, persistence, courage, farce, and failure, McMahon’s story has never been told at length. Tiberius with a Telephone fills that gap, using deep archival research and extensive interviews with McMahon’s contemporaries and colleagues. It is a tour de force — an authoritative and colourful account of a unique politician and a vital period in Australia’s history.
Publisher: Scribe Publications
ISBN: 1925693325
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 547
Book Description
Winner of the 2020 Australian National Biography Award and the 2020 NSW Premier’s Non-Fiction Award. The oddly compelling story of a man regarded as Australia’s worst prime minister. William McMahon was a significant, if widely derided and disliked, figure in Australian politics in the second half of the twentieth century. This biography tells the story of his life, his career, and his doomed attempts to recast views of his much-maligned time as Australia’s prime minister. After a long ministerial career under Menzies, McMahon became treasurer under Harold Holt, and fought a fierce, bitter war over protectionism with John McEwen. Following Holt’s death in 1967, McEwen had his revenge by vetoing McMahon’s candidature for the Liberal Party’s leadership, and thus paved the way for John Gorton to become prime minister. But almost three years later, amid acrimony and division, McMahon would topple Gorton and fulfill his life’s ambition to become Australia’s prime minister. In office, McMahon worked furiously to enact an agenda that grappled with the profound changes reshaping Australia. He withdrew combat forces from Vietnam, legislated for Commonwealth government involvement in childcare, established the National Urban and Regional Development Authority and the first Department of the Environment, began phasing out the means test on pensions, sought to control foreign investments, and accelerated the timetable for the independence of Papua New Guinea. But his failures would overshadow his successes, and by the time of the 1972 election McMahon would lead a divided, tired, and rancorous party to defeat. A man whose life was coloured by tragedy, comedy, persistence, courage, farce, and failure, McMahon’s story has never been told at length. Tiberius with a Telephone fills that gap, using deep archival research and extensive interviews with McMahon’s contemporaries and colleagues. It is a tour de force — an authoritative and colourful account of a unique politician and a vital period in Australia’s history.
Whitlam PM, a Biography
Author: Laurie Oakes
Publisher: Sydney : Angus & Robertson
ISBN:
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 272
Book Description
Publisher: Sydney : Angus & Robertson
ISBN:
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 272
Book Description
The Whitlam Legacy
Author: Troy Bramston
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781862879034
Category : Australia
Languages : en
Pages : 518
Book Description
Cover image: Gough Whitlam addresses a crowd outside Parliament House on the day after his government was dismissed, on 12 November 1975. Source: News Limited © Ross Duncan.The election of the Whitlam government in 1972 marked a turning point in 20th century Australia. Shaking off the vestiges of two decades of conservative rule, Gough Whitlam brought new ideas, new policies and new people to the task of governing.Bursting with energy and expectation, the Labor government led a reform revolution in many areas, from education and health to the environment and foreign policy. But alongside the great achievements were great failures and, ultimately, great tragedy when the government was dismissed.For the first time, Gough Whitlam, ministers, advisers, public servants, party and union insiders provide a unique account of this turbulent period in Australian politics. They reveal what worked and what didn't, and shed light on the personalities driving the engines of change.The candid views of insiders are balanced with analysis from journalists and academics. The book also includes new research and previously unpublished photos and archival documents. The Whitlam Legacy provides the definitive account of the government that changed Australia forever."This book really is a great work of scholarship. It is a primer for anyone interested in politics or interested in carving out a career in politics. To get these people to write about the Whitlam government is a real tribute to Troy Bramston. From now on, nobody will be able to write about the Whitlam government without consulting The Whitlam Legacy." Bob CarrThe Whitlam Legacy in the Paper...Kerr's word play masked his reasons behind Whitlam's dismissal Read full article...Parting words for the party Gough loves Read full article...Gough Whitlam duumvirate's whirlwind of change Read full article...Gough changed us and saved ALP Read full article...Labor must heed Whitlam and not waste this chance to reform Read full article...Whitlam's legacy resonates today-Shorten Read full article...Gough Whitlam 'a stroke of luck' for the lucky country Read full article...Abandon doubt Read full article...Gough in stereo Read full article...The Whitlam Legacy Launch on TV...Channel 7 News Watch report...Channel 9 News Watch report...The Whitlam Legacy (Troy Bramston/Contributors) on Radio...Troy Bramston on Radio National with Fran Kelly Listen to full interview...Troy Bramston on Radio National with Fran Kelly Watch interview...Troy Bramston on 2UE with Paul Murray Listen to full interview...Bob Carr on 4BC with Ian Skippen and Donna Lynch Listen to full interview...The Whitlam Legacy Alerts...Abbey's Bookshop: The Whitlam Legacy tops bestseller, Non-Fiction list of the week Click to view... Frank Bongiorno's chapter online, Inside Story: Whitlam, the 1960s and The Program Click to read...
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781862879034
Category : Australia
Languages : en
Pages : 518
Book Description
Cover image: Gough Whitlam addresses a crowd outside Parliament House on the day after his government was dismissed, on 12 November 1975. Source: News Limited © Ross Duncan.The election of the Whitlam government in 1972 marked a turning point in 20th century Australia. Shaking off the vestiges of two decades of conservative rule, Gough Whitlam brought new ideas, new policies and new people to the task of governing.Bursting with energy and expectation, the Labor government led a reform revolution in many areas, from education and health to the environment and foreign policy. But alongside the great achievements were great failures and, ultimately, great tragedy when the government was dismissed.For the first time, Gough Whitlam, ministers, advisers, public servants, party and union insiders provide a unique account of this turbulent period in Australian politics. They reveal what worked and what didn't, and shed light on the personalities driving the engines of change.The candid views of insiders are balanced with analysis from journalists and academics. The book also includes new research and previously unpublished photos and archival documents. The Whitlam Legacy provides the definitive account of the government that changed Australia forever."This book really is a great work of scholarship. It is a primer for anyone interested in politics or interested in carving out a career in politics. To get these people to write about the Whitlam government is a real tribute to Troy Bramston. From now on, nobody will be able to write about the Whitlam government without consulting The Whitlam Legacy." Bob CarrThe Whitlam Legacy in the Paper...Kerr's word play masked his reasons behind Whitlam's dismissal Read full article...Parting words for the party Gough loves Read full article...Gough Whitlam duumvirate's whirlwind of change Read full article...Gough changed us and saved ALP Read full article...Labor must heed Whitlam and not waste this chance to reform Read full article...Whitlam's legacy resonates today-Shorten Read full article...Gough Whitlam 'a stroke of luck' for the lucky country Read full article...Abandon doubt Read full article...Gough in stereo Read full article...The Whitlam Legacy Launch on TV...Channel 7 News Watch report...Channel 9 News Watch report...The Whitlam Legacy (Troy Bramston/Contributors) on Radio...Troy Bramston on Radio National with Fran Kelly Listen to full interview...Troy Bramston on Radio National with Fran Kelly Watch interview...Troy Bramston on 2UE with Paul Murray Listen to full interview...Bob Carr on 4BC with Ian Skippen and Donna Lynch Listen to full interview...The Whitlam Legacy Alerts...Abbey's Bookshop: The Whitlam Legacy tops bestseller, Non-Fiction list of the week Click to view... Frank Bongiorno's chapter online, Inside Story: Whitlam, the 1960s and The Program Click to read...