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Author: David Burnham
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Airplanes
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Wake vortex separation standards are used to prevent hazardous wake vortex encounters. A 'safe' separation model can be used to assess the safety of proposed changes in the standards. A safe separation model can be derived from an encounter hazard model and a vortex decay model. This report presents subsequent developments and applications of such a model which was first developed in the early 1980s. A static encounter hazard model is coupled with a decay model based on sodar measurements of vortex decay. The separation standards and procedures used from 1976 to 1994 are assumed to be safe based on the absence of IFR accidents. Various versions of the model are used to assess how aircraft should be classified and to evaluate the safety of a possible four-class aircraft separation system. Recommendations are made for ways of improving the safe separation models.
Author: David Burnham
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Airplanes
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Wake vortex separation standards are used to prevent hazardous wake vortex encounters. A 'safe' separation model can be used to assess the safety of proposed changes in the standards. A safe separation model can be derived from an encounter hazard model and a vortex decay model. This report presents subsequent developments and applications of such a model which was first developed in the early 1980s. A static encounter hazard model is coupled with a decay model based on sodar measurements of vortex decay. The separation standards and procedures used from 1976 to 1994 are assumed to be safe based on the absence of IFR accidents. Various versions of the model are used to assess how aircraft should be classified and to evaluate the safety of a possible four-class aircraft separation system. Recommendations are made for ways of improving the safe separation models.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air pilots
Languages : en
Pages : 452
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Book Description
Author: Tamas Kolos-Lakatos
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 178
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Book Description
The air transportation industry continues to grow worldwide, but demand is often limited by available airspace and airport capacity. This thesis focuses on evaluating new air traffic procedures: specifically, new and emerging wake turbulence separation rules that could potentially increase runway capacity based on today's knowledge of wake vortex turbulence and technological capabilities. While legacy wake separation rules establish aircraft-classes based on weight of aircraft, these new separation rules can define separation standards by considering other aircraft parameters and dynamic wind conditions. A fast-time runway system model is developed for studying these wake separation rules, using Monte-Carlo simulations, to provide accurate and realistic runway capacity estimates based on the randomness of arrival and departure operations. A total of nine new proposed wake separation rules are analyzed in detail, which include both distance-based and time-based methods, as well as static and dynamic concepts. Seven of the busiest and most delayed U.S. airports are selected as case studies for the illustration of runway capacity benefits enabled by these new wake separation rules: Boston (BOS), New York J.F. Kennedy (JFK), New York LaGuardia (LGA), Newark (EWR), San Francisco (SFO), Los Angeles (LAX), and Chicago O'Hare (ORD). For a detailed capacity analysis, the new wake separation rules are tested under the most constraining runway configurations at each of these airports. The results indicate that increasing the number of aircraft wake categories can increase runway capacity, but the added benefits become smaller with each new category added. A five-or six-category wake separation system can capture most of the runway capacity that can be achieved with a static pair-wise system. Additionally, shifting wake category boundaries between airports as a function of local fleet mix can provide additional runway capacity benefits, meaning that airport specific wake separation rules can increase capacity over a universal separation rule system. Among the new wake separation rules, the results indicate that reducing wake separations further from current minimum separations (separation values of 2NM or less) can shift the operational bottleneck from the approach path to the runway, as runway occupancy time becomes the limiting factor for inter-arrival separations. The findings from the time-based separation rule demonstrate that switching from distance-based separations to time-based separations in strong headwind conditions can recover significant lost capacity. Time-based separation rules can be of great value to increase operational reliability and capacity predictability at airports in all weather conditions. Moreover, the results also indicate that a reduction in minimum separations enabled by dynamic wind and aircraft information can offer marginal runway capacity benefits over the capacity enabled by static pair-wise wake separations, as more and more aircraft pairs become limited by runway occupancy time. Therefore, a joint effort is needed for reducing both wake separations and runway occupancy in order to accommodate future air traffic demand.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309113792
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 102
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Book Description
Without major changes, the current air transportation system will be unable to accommodate the expected increase in demand by 2025. One proposal to address this problem is to use the Global Positioning System to enable aircraft to fly more closely spaced. This approach, however, might be limited by the wake turbulence problem, which can be a safety hazard when smaller aircraft follow relatively larger aircraft too closely. To examine how this potential hazard might be reduced, Congress in 2005 directed NASA to request a study from the NRC to assess the federal wake turbulence R&D program. This book provides a description of the problem, an assessment of the organizational challenges to addressing wake turbulence, an analysis of the technical challenges in wake turbulence, and a proposal for a wake turbulence program plan. A series of recommendations for addressing the wake turbulence challenge are also given.
Author: United States. Federal Aviation Administration
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: David C. Burnham
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: T. E. Sullivan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wakes (Aerodynamics)
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1428995315
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 27
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Meteorology in aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 550
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Book Description
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Subcommittee on Technology, Environment, and Aviation
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche.
