SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Convergent Evolution

SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Convergent Evolution PDF Author: Daniele Focosi
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030873242
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 140

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Book Description
This book reviews the current knowledge of the globally circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants, highlights their distinct genetic characteristics and associated conformational changes in the viral spike protein, and profoundly discusses the mechanisms of convergent evolution that led to the rise of these mutated strains at different geographic regions during the Covid-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the book explores how these variants do and may impact the efficacy of established neutralizing antibody-based (nAb) vaccines and therapeutics by analysing latest in vivo and in vitro clinical data. Finally, the author discusses ways on how nAb Covid-19 treatment derived immune escape of SARS-CoV-2 could be minimized in the future.

SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Convergent Evolution

SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Convergent Evolution PDF Author: Daniele Focosi
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030873242
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 140

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Book Description
This book reviews the current knowledge of the globally circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants, highlights their distinct genetic characteristics and associated conformational changes in the viral spike protein, and profoundly discusses the mechanisms of convergent evolution that led to the rise of these mutated strains at different geographic regions during the Covid-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the book explores how these variants do and may impact the efficacy of established neutralizing antibody-based (nAb) vaccines and therapeutics by analysing latest in vivo and in vitro clinical data. Finally, the author discusses ways on how nAb Covid-19 treatment derived immune escape of SARS-CoV-2 could be minimized in the future.

Evolution of SARS-CoV-2: impact of variants on hosts, COVID-19 vaccines and countermeasures

Evolution of SARS-CoV-2: impact of variants on hosts, COVID-19 vaccines and countermeasures PDF Author: Seshadri Vasan
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832537944
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 116

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Book Description
The ‘novel coronavirus disease’ (COVID-19) has caused significant global morbidity, mortality and economic damage on a scale similar to the influenza pandemic of 1918. The causative ‘severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2’ (SARS-CoV-2) is a RNA virus which is evolving rapidly, accumulating mutations, and existing as a cloud of variants with quasispecies diversity. We have tens of thousands of variants, of which currently two are ‘variants of interest’ (Lambda, Mu) and another four ‘variants of concern’ (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron) to the World Health Organization (WHO). Variants of interest often emerge as variants under investigation in one or more countries, as seen with the Omicron (initially denoted as Nu in South Africa). They become variants of concern when there is evidence of increased transmissibility, greater case severity, loss of neutralization by antibodies, and reduced effectiveness of countermeasures. Some SARS-CoV-2 variants can infect new hosts (for instance, the Alpha, Beta and Gamma variants of concern can infect wild type mice which is a species that cannot be vaccinated or controlled easily), and/or reduce the effectiveness of vaccines and therapies (especially Beta and Delta); diagnostic tests have also been reported to be affected. Currently, we do not yet have any ‘variant of high consequence’ with confirmed attributes such as widespread diagnostic test failures, significant reduction in the effectiveness of vaccines and/or therapies, with greater disease severity and deaths. It remains to be seen if Omicron would be the first to be declared by the WHO as a variant of high consequence; more variants of concern are also likely to be declared by the WHO over the next couple of years. Therefore, our ability to control and conquer this pandemic over the long run is dependent on predicting and keeping up with the evolution of this virus, its new hosts, as well as understanding and mitigating its impact on diagnostics, vaccines and therapies.

COVID-19 ON TRIAL

COVID-19 ON TRIAL PDF Author: Rui Alexandre Gabirro
Publisher: Hospitallers Order of the Good News
ISBN:
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 211

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Book Description
COVID-19 ON TRIAL Critical Analyses of a “Pandemic” Introduction 1 Chapter 1 The Nuremberg Code..................................................................3 Nuremberg 2.0.............................................................................4 WMA Declaration of Helsinki....................................................6 Informed Consent........................................................................6 The Vaccine Programme Has Been Rolled out in Breach of the Legal Requirements for Clinicians to obtain the Free and Informed Consent of Those Being Vaccinated................................................7 Three Major Questions................................................................8 UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights.............................................................................................10 BILD Asks all Children for their Forgiveness!.........................11 Wire Fraud.................................................................................13 CDC Study Finds 78% of People Hospitalized for Covid were Overweight or Obese.....................................................................13 Yellow Card Scheme Shows.....................................................14 Chapter 2 Single Source of Truth...............................................................16 Everything Is Prohibited............................................................16 COVILAND..............................................................................17 The First Social Media Virus.....................................................17 COVID-19 Has Caused 6.9 Million Deaths Globally, More Than Double what Official Reports Show..........................19 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington....................................................................................22 France & Germany Falsified ICU Bed Occupancy Figures to Justify Sanitary Restrictions..........................................................26 World Average Annual Number of Deaths................................27 The PCR Test Farce...................................................................28 I Discovered That There Was No Evidence That There Was A Virus...............................................................................................29 Eric Clapton after COVID Vaccination: “I Should Never Have Gone Near the Needle”..................................................................34 India Mucormycosis..................................................................35 The Epidemiology of Mucormycosis in India...........................37 Malnutrition and Pollution India's Biggest Health Hazard.......38 Trained Dogs can Detect Odour of COVID-19.........................39 Virus or Fecal Samples..............................................................39 The Virus Transmission Farce...................................................42 Medical Trade Propaganda........................................................42 Christian Drosten - The Real Face of the Coronavirus Farce...43 Corona-Explainer-In-Chief.......................................................43 German Government Advisory Board on Global Health..........45 The Virus Farce.........................................................................47 Clear Line on Nails A Symptoms of Covid-19.........................48 Sneezing is A “Classic” Symptoms of Covid-19......................48 Professor Timothy Spector........................................................49 The Emerging Field of Epigenetics...........................................50 Future of Jobs............................................................................51 We Tried to Infect Covid-19 into Bats, it Doesn't Grow Well in Bats................................................................................................52 The Variants of Concern and Emerging Mutations Farce.........52 Joint Biosecurity Centre............................................................53 Triple Mutant Variant................................................................54 Lying to Everybody...................................................................55 The Covid-19 Vaccine Farce.....................................................55 Spike Protein is a Toxin.............................................................56 Ingredients (as reported in the prescribing information) included in mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines.......................................60 SM-102 in Cloroform................................................................60 Safety Data Sheet......................................................................61 Vaccine Deaths..........................................................................63 Covid19 Vaccine Reports in USA.............................................64 Covid-19 Vaccine is a “Gene Therapy”....................................65 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency..........................67 DARPA Awards Moderna Therapeutics a Grant for up to $25 Million to Develop Messenger RNA Therapeutics.................68 Australia Drugs Regulator Never Seen the Study Data............69 UK Drugs Regulator We Didn't Read the Clinical Trial...........69 They Don't Understand What They Are Doing.........................70 We Have Essentially Been Taken Over by the Medical Trade Taliban............................................................................................71 Chapter 3 Follow the Money......................................................................73 The UK Government Business Plan..........................................74 Government Wants to Sell Your Medical Records....................74 Britain’s Status as a Scientific Superpower...............................75 The Plan is Predicated...............................................................76 The Bill Gates Business Plan....................................................77 CEPI - A New Organization Will Help Accelerate the Development of Vaccines..............................................................81 A Global Treaty on Pandemic Preparedness / Zoonotic Research Hubs................................................................82 UK Government Funds 8 Vaccine Passport Schemes...............83 Covid-19 Vaccine Passport........................................................83 Accelerate Genomic Medicine..................................................84 Chris Whitty..............................................................................84 Genomics...................................................................................85 Health Data................................................................................85 Applying Behavioural Science and Social Sciences in Health.............................................................................................85 Bill Gates and George Soros Buy Covid Test Company...........87 The Global South Market: Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Oceania..........................................................................................87 Mologic.....................................................................................87 A Very Terrorised Country.........................................................89 We Have Been Fed a Diet of Fear and Scaremongering...........91 How Does Lack of Oxygen Affect the Brain?..........................91 “Long Covid” a Disability Eligible for Accommodation under Civil Rights Law............................................................................92 Deployment of Covert Psychologic Interventions....................93 The Modelling Farce.................................................................94 NHS (UK) Sells Patients Medical Records to Companies........95 We Expect this Positive Momentum to Continue.....................96 Pfizer Wants Military Bases & Bank Reserves as Collateral....97 Who owns Pfizer?.....................................................................99 The Vanguard Group.................................................................99 BlackRock...............................................................................100 Behind those Vaccines are Companies, Shareholders, Bankers........................................................................................101 Chapter 4 Algorithmic Medicine.............................................................103 Clinical Trial Service Unit.......................................................105 Chapter 5 COVID-19 Versus Law or The Medical Trade Against the People...........................................................................................109 You Must Not Do Your Own Research When It Comes To Science.........................................................................................109 Infection Fatality Rate Less than 0.20%.................................110 Get Covid And Live Longer....................................................110 Lock-down Farce Alcohol Related Deaths Rise by 20% in England During “Pandemic”........................................................111 That Fear that Didn't Happen, The Models Failed in late March, and They Failed in April, They Failed Basically.........................112 Lockdowns just Have One Consequence, that is Making Poor People a lot Poorer.......................................................................117 From Science Fiction to Science Farce...................................118 Weaponized Viruses................................................................118 Developing Medical Counter Measures for Coronaviruses 2016..............................................................................................119 Secret Pandemic Plan to Deny Care to Elderly 2016..............119 A Scenario to Facilitate Medical Countermeasure Communication 2017...................................................................120 If You Have To: Be Persuaded, Reminded, Pressured, Lied to, Incentivized, Coerced, Bullied, Socially Shamed, Guilt-tripped, Threatened, Punished and Criminalized.....................................121 Chapter 6 The First “Confirmed” Case of Covid-19 “Virus”..................123 The Isolation of the So-Called “Virus” Farce.........................124 Chapter 7 COVID-19 The Rule By Fear..................................................127 The CDC is Certainly Misleading...........................................128 Sweden No Lockdowns Led To Better Mental Health, Healthier Economy And Happier People.....................................................128 The Vaccine Farce...................................................................129 Those With 2 Vaccine Doses “May Still Die”.........................129 Vaccines Save Lives................................................................129 Anyone Who Is Claiming that any of this is Totally Safe is Either Confused or Lying.............................................................130 Last Summer With No Vaccines Magic..................................133 There is no FDA approved Vaccine to Prevent Covid-19.......134 NEJM Editor had Close Ties with the FDA authorisation process when publishing Covid-19 Vaccine Trials......................137 Social Distancing and Face Masks Forever.............................138 Covid-19 is not a Health Pandemic, it is an Ideological Pandemic......................................................................................138 Neil Ferguson..........................................................................138 Covid-19 as a Dangerous and Deadly Disease Needs to Change.........................................................................................139 The Goal of Developing and Delivering a Universal Influenza Vaccine.........................................................................................140 Chapter 8 Universal Basic Income Program............................................141 Wales to Launch Universal Basic Income Scheme.................141 Global Over-Population Is The Real Issue..............................142 But Baby Number 7 on the Way..............................................142 Global Health Emergency.......................................................142 Lockdown Every Two Years...................................................143 Bill Bowtell.............................................................................144 Matt Hancock, Secretary of State for Health..........................145 Chapter 9 States Ban Vaccine Passports..................................................149 World Health Organization (WHO)........................................150 The Vaccine Is Trust First Trust In science.............................151 The Patients Who Die, After and Possibly From a Vaccination...................................................................................151 The Data Support The Failure of the Vaccine.........................152 I Refuse to be Vaccinated........................................................154 Manipulation Without Shame or Dignity................................155 Number of People Died Within 21 Days of Having COVID-19 Vaccine in England Between January and June 2021..................156 Pharmacovigilance Investigation Concerning Janssen Covid-19 Vaccine.........................................................................156 If It Works Perfectly is Going to Take a Decade.....................157 Chapter 10 Every Year People Catch The Flu...........................................160 Is Just Like the Common Flu..................................................161 Flu Season Didn’t Happen Last Year in Canada.....................163 Australia Is Currently Reporting “Historically Low Levels” of Influenza..................................................................................163 Two-in-One Vaccine Booster Shot that Protects Against Both Covid-19 and the Seasonal Flu....................................................164 Australia Deaths Due to Influenza 2017.................................165 Australia Deaths Due to “Covid-19” 2020-2021....................166 Covid Will Eventually Become Like the Common cold.........167 Least We Forget The Medical Trade HIV (AIDS) Virus Pandemic......................................................................................168 Influenza Vaccine A Failed Vaccine........................................171 How to Treat Yourself Coronavirus (COVID-19) at Home, Just Like the Flu...........................................................................172 Chapter 11 The Muddy Foundations, or a Sand Castle Called “Genetic Medicine”.....................................................................................173 Medical Trade so-called “Gene Therapies” + “Viruses” Farce.............................................................................................174 National Institutes of Health (NIH).........................................175 The Final Words......................................................................176 Annex 1. Letter to Sir Simon Stevens, CEO of the NHS England 2. SAGE COVID-19 Register of Participants' Interests - GOV.UK Index 179

Covid-19 Vaccine Development: A Fierce Race to End the Pandemic & Learning from History

Covid-19 Vaccine Development: A Fierce Race to End the Pandemic & Learning from History PDF Author: Dr Ziad Al Najjar
Publisher: Trends Research & advisory
ISBN: 9948874196
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 139

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Book Description
This book offers a detailed review of Covid-19 pandemic, its impact on the world and the global efforts to develop effective vaccines against the virus. There has been a competitive race between countries and pharmaceutical companies to create a vaccine to end this pandemic. This raises a debate about the true intentions behind this race: Is it for profit, political influence or for recognition? The book presents the most important pandemics and vaccines used against themthroughout history from 165 AD until today for the purpose of learning from past experiences.

The First Shots

The First Shots PDF Author: Brendan Borrell
Publisher: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
ISBN: 0358569842
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 325

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Book Description
An award-winning journalist, drawing on high-level access, presents the full inside story of the high-stakes, global race of the lifesaving vaccine to end the pandemic.

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Variants

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Variants PDF Author: Dr Freeman Morris
Publisher: Independently Published
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 32

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Book Description
It was reported in December 2020 by the news media that a new variant of the COVID-19 virus has been discovered. Subsequently, other variants have also been found and investigated. Concerns have been raised about the new variants, such as whether they will make people sicker. Will the COVID-19 vaccines be effective in the future? Is there anything you should do uniquely or differently now to ensure your safety? This book discusses what is known about these new variants, as well as any concerns or questions you may have about them. You will find out more about: What COVID-19 variants are all about The causes of new variants Omicron variant Other coronavirus mutations Earlier coronavirus variants Resources to combat COVID-19 So, what are you holding out for? Get your copy right away.

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreaks, Vaccination, Politics and Society

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreaks, Vaccination, Politics and Society PDF Author: Rais Akhtar
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031094328
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 436

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Book Description
This books comprises of 24 chapters by experts from developed and developing countries. The book cover Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, Fiji, France, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Papua New Guinea, South Africa, Taiwan, Thailand, the UK and England, USA, West Africa, and Zambia. FOREWORD by David J. Hunter, Emeritus Professor, Newcastle University, the UK.

Understanding The Origin And Global Spread Of Covid-19

Understanding The Origin And Global Spread Of Covid-19 PDF Author: Nalin Chandra Wickramasinghe
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9811259097
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 302

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Book Description
This curated collection of scientific papers on the origin and global spread of COVID-19 is a unique project that offers explanations at odds with mainstream views as the theme mainly focuses on Panspermia (viruses, microorganisms and their spores, and cometary arrival of even more complex cellular organisms).No other scientific group has paid attention to the temporal unfolding scientific order at the many required levels of understanding — astrobiological and astrophysical, geographical and the temporal order of global proportions, yet regional epidemics, the immunologic dimensions to the infection and epidemic data, the genetics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus as it adapted, varied and appeared in different human populations in the crucial first few months of the pandemic. This in-depth analysis, over a two-year period, allows a better understanding of what engulfed the world during the COVID-19 pandemic, how it happened and the most plausible way.There are many lessons for future generations that can be distilled from the contributions found in this book.

Pandora's Box

Pandora's Box PDF Author: Geoffrey Newton
Publisher: FriesenPress
ISBN: 1039133789
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 149

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Book Description
This book is about the coronavirus and the pandemic it spawned, and what this outbreak means for future pandemics. It analyses the official response and sees where improvements can be made, for example, the World Health Organization waited till March to designate the coronavirus a pandemic and a full year before confirming its airborne transmission. The book looks at the specific nature of the virus, its origins and how it was transmitted, why it was so deadly to predisposed individuals, how it compares to previous pandemics, what measures were taken mitigate the disease and how to protect ourselves against it in future. The book also looks into the wider implications of the pandemic and its causes, for example, how climate change and biodiversity are coming into direct conflict with ever expanding needs of population growth and urban sprawl has conspired to bring us into ever closer contact with these viruses, for example, Nipah virus outbreak from the deforestation of the Indonesian Rain Forest, and Ebola from settlement expansion in the Congo. Lastly the book looks at the wider nature of viruses and their historical significance to the tree-of-life of the planet, and their relationship to our evolution. This book is a timely search into the nature of viruses and how they will affect us going forward, and what measures we can take to protect ourselves and mitigate the dangers from future outbreaks by integrating our industrial society into an ecological friendly setting, thereby accommodating these viruses.

Virus

Virus PDF Author: Nina Burleigh
Publisher: Seven Stories Press
ISBN: 1644211815
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 224

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Book Description
New York Times bestselling author Nina Burleigh weaves together the key narrative strands to create an uncompromising and highly informed expose about our shared global pandemic experience and what it means for our future Virus: Vaccinations, the CDC, and the Hijacking of America’s Response to the Pandemic takes readers on an extraordinary journey from the medical science of viruses and vaccines, to conspiracy theories, through the history of knowledge, to the precipice—where we are now—of uncertainty about the future. This is not a book for those who think they already know how the story ends, but one that asks the tough questions in terse, hard-hitting paragraphs and chapters. Virus walks a tightrope wire, in the same way that nearly all Americans are already doing, and does not presume our lives will be saved by any one approach or answer, or that any side has ownership of the truth, but puts us on a path towards a better understanding of what just happened to us and where we’re likely to be headed when, not if, the next virus appears. Here is: • The true story behind the triumph of science in an era of unprecedented science denialism; • The other true story of government malfeasance that brought the U.S. to its knees and saw more Americans die from the pandemic than in any other nation; • An eye-opening series of interviews with researchers and creators of the mRNA vaccine, its test subjects, and other key figures; • The history behind one of the great medical milestones: the astonishingly fast development and clinical deployment of the first mRNA vaccine, and how it will change the way medicine is practiced in the future; • The alternate reality of bizarre conspiracy theories that undergird pandemic denialism and vaccine hesitancy; • The return of eugenics and how shock doctrine capitalism, crony corruption and extreme free ideology killed people of color, the poor, and the frail; • An assessment of the lessons learned and opportunities lost and what this will mean for the future of our democracy and our people. Virus includes original research and interviews with many key figures and experts including MIT engineer (“The Edison of Medicine”) and Moderna founder Robert Langer, Stanford microbiologist David Relman, first mRNA clinical trial (Seattle) participant Missy Pena, medical anthropologist Martha Louise Lincoln, among many others, and a deep reading of publicly available documents and reporting.