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Author: H Leyrit
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9789056992781
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 314
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Book Description
This volume is an excellently written and beautifully illustrated textbook compiled by a multidisciplinary group of experts examining the production, transport and deposition of volcaniclasts (tephra and epiclasts) as well as their economic geology.
Author: H Leyrit
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9789056992781
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 314
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Book Description
This volume is an excellently written and beautifully illustrated textbook compiled by a multidisciplinary group of experts examining the production, transport and deposition of volcaniclasts (tephra and epiclasts) as well as their economic geology.
Author: Richard Virgil Fisher
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 512
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Book Description
Author: Eric A. K. Middlemost
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317892631
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 494
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Book Description
The variety of volcanic activity in the Solar System is widely recognised, yet the majestic sequences of magmatic processes that operate within an active planet are much less well known. Providing an exposition of igneous rocks, magmas and volcanic erupsions, this book brings together magnetic and volcanic data from different tectonic settings, and planets, with explanations of how they fit together. It systematically examines composition, origin and evolution of common igneous rocks, yet also examines a variety of rare magnetic rocks that play a crucial role in the global magma/igneous rock system.
Author: R. Cas
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400931670
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 532
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Book Description
One of our aims in the book is to provide geologists with a sound basis for making their own well founded interpretations. For that reason we cover not only concepts about processes, and the nature of the products, but also methods and approaches that may be useful in analysing both modern and ancient successions. Most importantly, we treat the diversity of products in volcanic terrains as facies, and we use the method of facies analysis and interpretation as a means of constructing facies models for different volcanic settings. These models will, we hope, be useful as norms for comparison for workers in ancient terrains. The idea for this book came into being between 1981 and 1982 when J. V. W. came to Monash University to take up a Monash Postdoctoral Fellowship. During this period a short course on facies analysis in modern and ancient successions was put together, integrating J.V.W.'s extensive volcanological experience in numerous modern volcanic terrains with R.A.F.C.'s extensive sedimentological and volcanological experience in older volcanic and associated sedimentary successions in the Palaeozoic and Precambrian of Australia. The enthusiastic response from the participants to the first short course, taught in May 1982, and to subsequent annual re-runs, encouraged us to develop the short course notes into this book. The idea for both the short course and the book arose because we felt that there was no single source available that comprehensively attempted to address the problems of analysing, interpreting and understanding the complexity of processes, products and stratigraphy in volcanic terrains.
Author: H. Huneke
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444530002
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 865
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Book Description
'Deep-Sea Sediments' focuses on the sedimentary processes operating within the various modern and ancient deep-sea environments. The chapters track the way of sedimentary particles from continental erosion or production in the marine realm, to transport into the deep sea, to final deposition on the sea floor.
Author: Johannes Hendrikus Schellekens
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Analytical geochemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 578
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Book Description
Puerto Rico, in the Greater Antilles, is a complex arc terrane with a basement of Late Jurassic to Early Tertiary volcanic, volcaniclastic, and sedimentary rocks, intruded by felsic plutonic rocks, that is overlain by Oligocene and younger sedimentary rocks and sediments. This investigation deals with the geochemical evolution of the volcanic rocks. Flow rocks of all formations distinguished were sampled and analyzed for major, trace, and rare earth elements. Volcano-Stratigraphic Associations (VSA's) were defined as packets of volcanic and associated sedimentary rocks in which the age of the volcanic rocks was determined based on the fossil ages of the associated rocks. The basement rocks are divided into the Southwestern, Central, and Northeast Igneous Provinces (SIP, CIP, NIP). Late Jurassic cherts and associated amphibolites of the Bermeja Complex (SIP) are considered to represent Pacific ocean floor fragments, whereas Early Cretaceous greenstones and metagabbros of the Bermeja Complex represent early island-arc products. The latter, with the Pre-Robles VSA (CIP) and the Daguao-Figuera VSA (NIP), formed part of an island-arc above the northward subducting Pacific Ocean floor. The SIP represents the frontal part of the arc, characterized by melange and fore-arc basin, the CIP the summit basin, and the NIP the trailing part. Magmas have a tholeiitic composition interpreted as generated through partial melting of the mantle wedge enriched by dehydration fluids. Late Cretaceous magmas show evidence for the involvement of pelagic oozes and continental material in concordance with the subduction of older oceanic crust and the approach of South America. With the attempted subduction of the buoyant oceanic platform at the end of the Cretaceous, subduction flipped. The chemistry of the volcanic rocks in the SIP confirms that the fore-arc basin changed into a back-arc basin during the Maastrichtian. Magmas show no evidence for the involvement of continentally derived material, but chemical characteristics suggest involvement of pelagic oozes in concordance with the scenario of subduction of old (proto-Caribbean) ocean floor. Early Tertiary magmas show evidence for both incorporation of pelagic oozes and continentally derived material resulting from subduction of ocean floor close to the North American continent and the Bahamas.
Author: Alessandro Bonforte
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889765792
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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Book Description
Author: Volker Jörg Dietrich
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319554603
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 346
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Book Description
This book presents the first compilation of scientific research on the island of Nisyros, involving various geoscientific disciplines. Presenting a wealth of illustrations and maps, including a geological map of the volcano, it also provides valuable insights into the geothermal potential of Greece. The island of Nisyros is a Quaternary volcano located at the easternmost end of the South Aegean Volcanic Arc. The island is nearly circular, with an average diameter of 8 km, and covers an area of approximately 42 km2. It lies above a base of Mesozoic limestone and a thin crust, with the mantle-crust transition located at a depth of approximately 27 km. The volcanic edifice of Nisyros comprises a succession of calc-alkaline lavas and pyroclastic rocks, as well as a summit caldera with an average diameter of 4 km. Nisyros marks the most recent volcano in the large prehistoric volcanic field between Kos-Yali-Strongyli-Pyrgousa-Pachia-Nisyros, where the largest eruption (“Kos Plateau Tuff”) in the history of the eastern Mediterranean devastated the Dodecanese islands 161,000 years ago. Although the last volcanic activity on Nisyros dates back at least 20,000 to 25,000 years, it encompasses an active hydrothermal system underneath the volcano with temperatures of roughly 100°C at the Lakki plain, the present-day caldera floor and 350°C at a depth of 1,550 m. A high level of seismic unrest, thermal waters and fumarolic gases bear testament to its continuous activity, which is due to a large volume of hot rocks and magma batches at greater depths, between 3,000 and 8,000 m. Violent hydrothermal eruptions accompanied by major earthquakes occurred in 1873 and 1888 and left behind large, “world-wide unique” explosion craters in the old caldera. Through diffuse soil degassing, the discharge of all hydrothermal craters in the Lakki plain releases 68 tons of hydrothermal-volcanic derived CO2 and 42 MW of thermal energy per day. This unique volcanic and hydrothermal environment is visited daily by hundreds of tourists.
Author: J.L. Smellie
Publisher: Geological Society of London
ISBN: 178620536X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 802
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Book Description
This memoir is the first to review all of Antarctica’s volcanism between 200 million years ago and the Present. The region is still volcanically active. The volume is an amalgamation of in-depth syntheses, which are presented within distinctly different tectonic settings. Each is described in terms of (1) the volcanology and eruptive palaeoenvironments; (2) petrology and origin of magma; and (3) active volcanism, including tephrochronology. Important volcanic episodes include: astonishingly voluminous mafic and felsic volcanic deposits associated with the Jurassic break-up of Gondwana; the construction and progressive demise of a major Jurassic to Present continental arc, including back-arc alkaline basalts and volcanism in a young ensialic marginal basin; Miocene to Pleistocene mafic volcanism associated with post-subduction slab-window formation; numerous Neogene alkaline volcanoes, including the massive Erebus volcano and its persistent phonolitic lava lake, that are widely distributed within and adjacent to one of the world’s major zones of lithospheric extension (the West Antarctic Rift System); and very young ultrapotassic volcanism erupted subglacially and forming a world-wide type example (Gaussberg).
Author: Gary Nichols
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118687779
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 433
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Book Description
This fully revised and updated edition introduces the reader to sedimentology and stratigraphic principles, and provides tools for the interpretation of sediments and sedimentary rocks. The processes of formation, transport and deposition of sediment are considered and then applied to develop conceptual models for the full range of sedimentary environments, from deserts to deep seas and reefs to rivers. Different approaches to using stratigraphic principles to date and correlate strata are also considered, in order to provide a comprehensive introduction to all aspects of sedimentology and stratigraphy. The text and figures are designed to be accessible to anyone completely new to the subject, and all of the illustrative material is provided in an accompanying CD-ROM. High-resolution versions of these images can also be downloaded from the companion website for this book at: www.wiley.com/go/nicholssedimentology.
