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Author: David L. Ransel
Publisher: Indiana University Press
ISBN: 9780253338259
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 340
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Author: David L. Ransel
Publisher: Indiana University Press
ISBN: 9780253338259
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 340
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Book Description
Author: Scott MacWilliam
Publisher: ANU E Press
ISBN: 1922144851
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 318
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Book Description
SECURING VILLAGE LIFE: DEVELOPMENT IN LATE COLONIAL PAPUA NEW GUINEA examines the significance for post-World War II Australian colonial policy of the modern idea of development. Australian officials emphasised the importance of bringing development for both the colony of Papua and the United Nations Trust Territory of New Guinea. The principal form that development took involved securing smallholders against the tendencies of other forms of capitalist development that might have separated households from land. In order to make household occupation of their holdings more secure and at higher standards of living, the colonial administration coordinated and supervised increases in production of crops and other agricultural produce. Contrary to suggestions that colonial policy and practice ignored indigenous agriculture and concentrated on plantation crops grown by international firms and expatriate owner-occupiers, the study shows how the main focus was instead upon increasing smallholder output for immediate consumption as well as for local and international markets. Simultaneously development stimulated increases in consumption, including of goods produced through manufacturing processes and imported into the colony. Only as Independence approached was the pre-eminence of the earlier focus upon smallholders weakened. In part the change occurred due to the political advance of the indigenous capitalist class and their allies seeking to extend their base in largeholding agriculture and related commercial activities. This advance and the uncertainty over which form of development would prevail once indigenes held state power in post-colonial Papua New Guinea stood in marked contrast to the definite direction pursued under the colonial administration of the 1950s and early 1960s.
Author: Soviet Union. Posolʹstvo (U.S.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : World War, 1939-1945
Languages : en
Pages : 696
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Author: Mary Baughman Anderson
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000310175
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 266
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This book explores the significant role of grassroots organizations in complementing that of governments and intergovernmental organizations in situations of disaster relief and shows how creative local initiatives can result in the mutual reinforcement of emergency relief and development programs.
Author: New Jersey. State Board of Agriculture
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 348
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 720
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Forests and forestry
Languages : en
Pages : 102
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Author: Bengal (India) Department of Agriculture
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 332
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Author: Ben R. Finney
Publisher: University of Hawaii Press
ISBN: 0824880102
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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High in the New Guinea mountains a sociological drama of unique design has been unfolding since the early 1930s. At that time the first of the Europeans who would take part in the area's development trekked into the remote highlands. These early gold prospectors, patrol officers, and missionaries made the first outside contacts with the Stone Age Gorokan people. These encounters ultimately catapulted the Gorokans, subsistence gardeners cultivating sweet potatoes and raising pigs, squarely into the twentieth century. The magnitude of the economic and social changes that followed in the next forty years clearly distinguish the Gorokan case as one of the most remarkable examples of human adaptability to be witnessed in modern times. Although popular thinking has it that traditional societies are change-resistant and that social reforms therefore must precede economic and other types of development, the Gorokans, remarkably, reversed the process and passed from the Stone Age to the twentieth-century marketplace in one generation. Today they are heavily involved in growing coffee, they have developed their own trucking industry for transporting coffee and other cash crops to market, and they are venturing into the raising of beef cattle and the operation of trade stores and various businesses. Big-Men and Business is the record of this extraordinary case of economic change, based on field study conducted in 1967 and 1968. Dr. Finney interviewed many of the Gorokan leaders of this commercial revolution, and draws comparisons between the Gorokan experience and that of other New Guinean peoples. One of the results of his research indicates that the Gorokans may have been predisposed to entrepreneurship. Traditionally, a Gorokan "big-man" was the man who acquired the valuables of his society—cowrie shells, mother-of-pearl shells, pigs, and bird-of-paradise plumes. These leaders were honored for their skills in the flourishing local exchange system. This fact, coupled with a supportive colonial relationship and a favorable natural environment, enhanced the Gorokans' adaptation, and thus the leap from the world of traditional exchange to one where business is conducted on a cash basis was, in reality, a short step. Foreword by Douglas L. Oliver
Author: Bengal (India). Dept. of Agriculture
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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