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Author: Céline Musielak-Mersak
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages :
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Book Description
L'objectif de ce travail est d'étudier l'effet du vieillissement sur les processus cognitifs impliqués dans l'abstraction et l'adaptation aux relations complexes de l'environnement. Un total de 208 personnes (âgées de 18-25, 40-50, 65-75 et 76-90 ans) ont participé à cette étude. Dans l'expérience 1, l'apprentissage de fonctions curvilinéaires (en forme de U et de U-inversé) est comparé à celui de fonctions linéaires (directe et inverse). Un test d'extrapolation permet d'évaluer la qualité de l'abstraction selon la fonction apprise. Les résultats montrent que les personnes âgées conservent leurs capacités d'extrapolation, tout particulièrement lorsque la fonction est directe. Les différences liées à l'âge ne sont que quantitatives. Ces performances peuvent s'interpréter dans le cadre théorique des fonctions exécutives. L'expérience 2 permet d'observer l'impact de l'âge sur le passage d'une stratégie d'apprentissage fonctionnelle à une stratégie associative. Les résultats témoignent des difficultés éprouvées par les personnes âgées lorsque aucune fonction ne peut être exploitée pour relier les variables. La flexibilité et la capacité de mémoire de travail des personnes âgées seraient insuffisantes pour leur permettre un passage réussi entre les deux stratégies. Un projet est présenté. Il permettrait d'étudier l'effet de l'âge sur l'apprentissage de relations probabilistes en présence d'indices non pertinents
Author: Céline Musielak-Mersak
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages :
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Book Description
L'objectif de ce travail est d'étudier l'effet du vieillissement sur les processus cognitifs impliqués dans l'abstraction et l'adaptation aux relations complexes de l'environnement. Un total de 208 personnes (âgées de 18-25, 40-50, 65-75 et 76-90 ans) ont participé à cette étude. Dans l'expérience 1, l'apprentissage de fonctions curvilinéaires (en forme de U et de U-inversé) est comparé à celui de fonctions linéaires (directe et inverse). Un test d'extrapolation permet d'évaluer la qualité de l'abstraction selon la fonction apprise. Les résultats montrent que les personnes âgées conservent leurs capacités d'extrapolation, tout particulièrement lorsque la fonction est directe. Les différences liées à l'âge ne sont que quantitatives. Ces performances peuvent s'interpréter dans le cadre théorique des fonctions exécutives. L'expérience 2 permet d'observer l'impact de l'âge sur le passage d'une stratégie d'apprentissage fonctionnelle à une stratégie associative. Les résultats témoignent des difficultés éprouvées par les personnes âgées lorsque aucune fonction ne peut être exploitée pour relier les variables. La flexibilité et la capacité de mémoire de travail des personnes âgées seraient insuffisantes pour leur permettre un passage réussi entre les deux stratégies. Un projet est présenté. Il permettrait d'étudier l'effet de l'âge sur l'apprentissage de relations probabilistes en présence d'indices non pertinents
Author: Nicholas Ayache
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783642334535
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 645
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Book Description
The three-volume set LNCS 7510, 7511, and 7512 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2012, held in Nice, France, in October 2012. Based on rigorous peer reviews, the program committee carefully selected 252 revised papers from 781 submissions for presentation in three volumes. The third volume includes 79 papers organized in topical sections on diffusion imaging: from acquisition to tractography; image acquisition, segmentation and recognition; image registration; neuroimage analysis; analysis of microscopic and optical images; image segmentation; diffusion weighted imaging; computer-aided diagnosis and planning; and microscopic image analysis.
Author: Ralph Carmel
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521653190
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 558
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Book Description
This is an unusually comprehensive 2001 account of the broad range of medical implications of homocysteine.
Author: Nicholas Ayache
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Janine M. Benyus
Publisher: Harper Collins
ISBN: 0061958921
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 324
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Book Description
Repackaged with a new afterword, this "valuable and entertaining" (New York Times Book Review) book explores how scientists are adapting nature's best ideas to solve tough 21st century problems. Biomimicry is rapidly transforming life on earth. Biomimics study nature's most successful ideas over the past 3.5 million years, and adapt them for human use. The results are revolutionizing how materials are invented and how we compute, heal ourselves, repair the environment, and feed the world. Janine Benyus takes readers into the lab and in the field with maverick thinkers as they: discover miracle drugs by watching what chimps eat when they're sick; learn how to create by watching spiders weave fibers; harness energy by examining how a leaf converts sunlight into fuel in trillionths of a second; and many more examples. Composed of stories of vision and invention, personalities and pipe dreams, Biomimicry is must reading for anyone interested in the shape of our future.
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher: International Atomic Energy Agency
ISBN: 9789201063205
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
This publication results from a technical meeting on phenomenology and technologies relevant to in-vessel melt retention (IVMR) and ex-vessel corium cooling (EVCC). The purpose of the publication is to capture the state of knowledge, at the time of that meeting, related to phenomenology and technologies as well as the challenges and pending issues relevant to IVMR and EVCC for water cooled reactors by summarizing the information provided by the meeting participants in a form useful to practitioners in Member States.
Author: Roger C. Schank
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521633987
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 318
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Book Description
Roger Schank's influential book, Dynamic Memory, described how computers could learn based upon what was known about how people learn. Since that book's publication in 1982, Dr Schank has turned his focus from artificial intelligence to human intelligence. Dynamic Memory Revisited contains the theory of learning presented in the original book, extending it to provide principles for teaching and learning. It includes Dr Schank's important theory of case-based reasoning and assesses the role of stories in human memory. In addition, it covers his ideas on non-conscious learning, indexing, and the cognitive structures that underlie learning by doing. Dynamic Memory Revisited is crucial reading for all who are concerned with education and school reform. It draws attention to how effective learning takes place and provides instruction for developing software that truly helps students learn.
Author: Matthew Traxler
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080466419
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 1197
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Book Description
With Psycholinguistics in its fifth decade of existence, the second edition of the Handbook of Psycholinguistics represents a comprehensive survey of psycholinguistic theory, research and methodology, with special emphasis on the very best empirical research conducted in the past decade. Thirty leading experts have been brought together to present the reader with both broad and detailed current issues in Language Production, Comprehension and Development. The handbook is an indispensible single-source guide for professional researchers, graduate students, advanced undergraduates, university and college teachers, and other professionals in the fields of psycholinguistics, language comprehension, reading, neuropsychology of language, linguistics, language development, and computational modeling of language. It will also be a general reference for those in neighboring fields such as cognitive and developmental psychology and education. - Provides a complete account of psycholinguistic theory, research, and methodology - 30 of the field's foremost experts have contributed to this edition - An invaluable single-source reference
Author: Michel Godet
Publisher:
ISBN: 9782717852448
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Nelson Cowan
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1317232380
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Book Description
The idea of one's memory "filling up" is a humorous misconception of how memory in general is thought to work; it actually has no capacity limit. However, the idea of a "full brain" makes more sense with reference to working memory, which is the limited amount of information a person can hold temporarily in an especially accessible form for use in the completion of almost any challenging cognitive task. This groundbreaking book explains the evidence supporting Cowan's theoretical proposal about working memory capacity, and compares it to competing perspectives. Cognitive psychologists profoundly disagree on how working memory is limited: whether by the number of units that can be retained (and, if so, what kind of units and how many), the types of interfering material, the time that has elapsed, some combination of these mechanisms, or none of them. The book assesses these hypotheses and examines explanations of why capacity limits occur, including vivid biological, cognitive, and evolutionary accounts. The book concludes with a discussion of the practical importance of capacity limits in daily life. This 10th anniversary Classic Edition will continue to be accessible to a wide range of readers and serve as an invaluable reference for all memory researchers.
