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Author: Anna Marie Dulaney
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 89
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Book Description
A finite element model was developed for a range of human head-sUAS impacts to provide multiple case scenarios of impact severity at two response regions of interest: global and local. The hypothesis was that for certain impact scenarios, local response injuries of the brain (frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal lobes, and cerebellum) have a higher severity level compared to global response injury, the response at the Center of Gravity (CG) of the head. This study is the first one to predict and quantify the influence of impact parameters such as impact velocity, location, offset, and angle of impact to severity of injury. The findings show that an sUAS has the potential of causing minimal harm under certain impact scenarios, while other scenarios cause fatal injuries. Additionally, results indicate that the human head’s global response as a less viable response region of interest when measuring injury severity for clinical diagnosis. It is hoped that the results from this research can be useful to assist decision making for treatments and may offer different perspectives in sUAS designs or operation environments.
Author: Anna Marie Dulaney
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 89
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Book Description
A finite element model was developed for a range of human head-sUAS impacts to provide multiple case scenarios of impact severity at two response regions of interest: global and local. The hypothesis was that for certain impact scenarios, local response injuries of the brain (frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal lobes, and cerebellum) have a higher severity level compared to global response injury, the response at the Center of Gravity (CG) of the head. This study is the first one to predict and quantify the influence of impact parameters such as impact velocity, location, offset, and angle of impact to severity of injury. The findings show that an sUAS has the potential of causing minimal harm under certain impact scenarios, while other scenarios cause fatal injuries. Additionally, results indicate that the human head’s global response as a less viable response region of interest when measuring injury severity for clinical diagnosis. It is hoped that the results from this research can be useful to assist decision making for treatments and may offer different perspectives in sUAS designs or operation environments.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Runzhou Zhou
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biomedical engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 216
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Book Description
The white matter tissues with highly aligned axonal fibers were modeled with transversely isotropic materials to simulate impact direction-dependent injury in the brain. The rat head/body model was validated against in vivo rodent dynamic cortical deformation, brain-skull displacement, and head impact acceleration experimental data. A series of FE parametric studies were conducted to identify various biomechanical factors contributing to the variability of injury severity observed among experiments and across different labs. The FE rat model simulated in vivo TAI in rat brains from closed-head impact acceleration experiments. The correlation of the local biomechanical parameter map with the severity and extent of axonal injury map at tissue levels was established. This improved our understanding of tissue-level injury mechanism for white matter injury. The tissue level thresholds for white matter injury was established by logistic regression analysis. The localized severe TAI in cerebral white matter (corpus callosum region) was best predicted by intracranial pressure (81 kPa) and maximum principal strain (0.26), while the white matter tracts in the brainstem (pyramidal tracts) were best predicted by localized maximum principal strain (0.18) response. The tissue level thresholds developed from this study can be directly translated to the FE human head model. This information will enhance the capability of the human head model in predicting brain injury.
Author: Fábio A. O. Fernandes
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319899260
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 107
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Book Description
In this work the development of a new geometrically detailed finite element head model is presented. Special attention is given to sulci and gyri modelling, making this model more geometrically accurate than others currently available. The model was validated against experimental data from impact tests on cadavers, specifically intracranial pressure and brain motion. Its potential is shown in an accident reconstruction case with injury evaluation by effectively combining multibody kinematics and finite element methodology.
Author: T. A. Shugar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Head
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
Author: Society of Automotive Engineers
Publisher: SAE International
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 158
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Book Description
Thirteen papers from the biomechanics technical sessions of the 2002 SAE congress use laboratory experiments, computer models, and field data to evaluate the human body's kinematics, kinetics, and injury potential in response to impact loads caused by automobile accidents. Topics include finite elem
Author: Mark F. Horstemeyer
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128181443
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
Multiscale Biomechanical Modeling of the Brain discusses the constitutive modeling of the brain at various length scales (nanoscale, microscale, mesoscale, macroscale and structural scale). In each scale, the book describes the state-of-the- experimental and computational tools used to quantify critical deformational information at each length scale. Then, at the structural scale, several user-based constitutive material models are presented, along with real-world boundary value problems. Lastly, design and optimization concepts are presented for use in occupant-centric design frameworks. This book is useful for both academia and industry applications that cover basic science aspects or applied research in head and brain protection. The multiscale approach to this topic is unique, and not found in other books. It includes meticulously selected materials that aim to connect the mechanistic analysis of the brain tissue at size scales ranging from subcellular to organ levels. Presents concepts in a theoretical and thermodynamic framework for each length scale Teaches readers not only how to use an existing multiscale model for each brain but also how to develop a new multiscale model Takes an integrated experimental-computational approach and gives structured multiscale coverage of the problems
Author: Hesam Moghaddam
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs as result of a sudden trauma to the brain due to impacts or the rapid movement of the head caused by falls, accidents, sports contacts, and physical assaults. TBI can lead to long-term cognitive, physical, and neurological impairments and hence should be prevented. While head kinematics can be experimentally estimated - to a good extent - using dummy heads, assessment of tissue responses of the brain in terms of the intracranial pressure, shear stresses, and strains is technically and morally challenging. Accordingly, due to complications of experimental tests, computational methods such as finite element analysis (FEA) have extensively been used in the last decade to study the injury mechanisms associated with TBI. However, the fidelity of these models is still a concern when conclusions are to be drawn based on numerical results. One major aspect of each computational work is the implementation of accurate material models which can mimic the real behavior of biological tissues. Skull protects the brain against injury by attenuating the transferred load to the intracranial space upon an impact to the head. Several material properties have been used for skull in the literature in the context of impact induced TBI. These studies have used a wide range of densities and Youngu2019s moduli for the skull; however, they have used different head models and loading conditions. Our study aims to investigate the sensitivity of a FE head model to skull material properties. To this end, North Dakota State University Finite Element Head Model (NDSUFEHM) was exposed to an identical impact using three different sets of material properties in terms of density and Youngu2019s modulustaken from the well-substantiated impact TBI studies. A frontal impact scenario was developed by impacting the head moving at 2.5 m/s against a rigid wall 45 degrees about its horizontal plane. Time histories of ICP and shear stress at the location of maximum value were recorded and compared for all three material properties sets. Our primary results predicted noticeable differences among pressure and shear responses both in terms of the peak values and their pattern. Our results suggested the need for a unique set of skull properties in order to improve the biofidelity of FE models.
Author: David Ira Shreiber
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Book Description
Author: Derek Wallin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 63
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Book Description
Football helmets worn today are primarily designed to prevent skull fracture and irreversible brain injury. In that limited respect, today’s helmets are a success with the frequency of reported football-related skull fracture a rare occurrence. In recent decades, however, concussion, mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) are being reported with increasing incidence. Helmet manufacturing companies are limited in their performance analysis of helmets, with no standard helmet testing procedures incorporating anatomical data or physiological weaknesses of the brain. Finite Element Modeling of the brain has allowed for analysis of the mechanics of brain injury and can provide injury metrics based on simulated brain injury. In this study the background on current helmet testing procedures is provided as well as a finite element study of brain injury to determine helmet performance. In addition, this modeling will be used to identify what types of impacts are most dangerous.
