Author: Caroline S. Wagner
Publisher: Rand Corporation
ISBN: 9780833031457
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 81
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Book Description
The U.S. government spent, on average, $300 million a year during the 1990s to support science and technology (S&T) cooperation with Russia. This document details U.S. government spending on cooperative S&T activities with Russian partners. RAND collected and analyzed data at the project level and surveyed agency officials about specific projects and programs. These data were aggregated by spending into categories created by RAND. The report thus provides an analytic, cross-agency overview, presenting a broad picture of the U.S.-Russia S&T relationship between 1994 and 2000. The U.S. government_s projects with Russia have a slightly different pattern than can be observed with other scientifically advanced countries: They are more binational in character, less collaborative, more technology-based, less of a shared effort, and dominated more by spending in aerospace applications. Reports from scientists working with Russian counterparts indicate that the United States is gaining significant scientific benefit from this joint collaboration. Although funding for the U.S.-Russia S&T relationship seems to have dropped in 2001, there has been a revived interest within the U.S. scientific community in working with Russia and an increase in the number of projects being considered.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The United States government spent, on average, $350 million a year in the 1990s to support science and technology (S & T) cooperation with Russia. The amount rose in the early 1990s, peaked in 1996, and then began dropping in the late 1990s. When aggregated by dollars spent, the areas most likely to be the subject of cooperation are aerospace and aeronautical projects, engineering research, energy, and earth sciences. When counted by the number of projects (rather than funds committed), earth sciences-including geology, ocean studies, and atmospheric sciences-account for the largest number. Earlier RAND studies suggested that, during the mid-1990s, cooperation with Russia claimed more government research and development (R & D) dollars than any other country. In order to examine the relationship in more detail, RAND collected and analyzed data at the project level and surveyed agency officials about specific projects and programs. These data were aggregated into categories created by RAND. This report provides an analytic, cross-agency overview, presenting a broad picture of the U.S.-Russia S & T relationship between 1994 and 1999.
Author: Glenn E. Schweitzer
Publisher: Twentieth Century Foundation
ISBN:
Category : International cooperation
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
In Experiments in Cooperation, the third book in the Twentieth Century Fund's Russia in Transition series, Glenn E. Schweitzer examines the recent history of U.S.-Russian scientific and technological collaboration.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309060427
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 46
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Book Description
Author: National Research Council and Russian Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309173361
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 148
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Book Description
This collection of papersâ€"by American and Russian specialistsâ€"addresses a variety of legal, regulatory, institutional, and financial issues that can promote or hinder technology commercialization. The book is the result of a series of workshops organized by the National Research Council with the Russian Academy of Sciences on commercialization of technologies, particularly those developed at research and educational institutions. Technology Commercialization concludes with a list of actions, programs, and policies which warrant further consideration as Russia tries to improve the success of technology commercialization. This book will be of interest to those concerned with small-business development in post-communist states, university technology management, and comparative technology commercialization.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309162688
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 127
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Book Description
An increase in global access to goods and knowledge is transforming world-class science and technology (S&T) by bringing it within the capability of an unprecedented number of global parties who must compete for resources, markets, and talent. In particular, globalization has facilitated the success of formal S&T plans in many developing countries, where traditional limitations can now be overcome through the accumulation and global trade of a wide variety of goods, skills, and knowledge. As a result, centers for technological research and development (R&D) are now globally dispersed, setting the stage for greater uncertainty in the political, economic, and security arenas. These changes will have a potentially enormous impact for the U.S. national security policy, which for the past half century was premised on U.S. economic and technological dominance. As the U.S. monopoly on talent and innovation wanes, arms export regulations and restrictions on visas for foreign S&T workers are becoming less useful as security strategies. The acute level of S&T competition among leading countries in the world today suggests that countries that fail to exploit new technologies or that lose the capability for proprietary use of their own new technologies will find their existing industries uncompetitive or obsolete. The increased access to information has transformed the 1950s' paradigm of "control and isolation" of information for innovation control into the current one of "engagement and partnerships" between innovators for innovation creation. Current and future strategies for S&T development need to be considered in light of these new realities. This book analyzes the S&T strategies of Japan, Brazil, Russia, India, China, and Singapore (JBRICS), six countries that have either undergone or are undergoing remarkable growth in their S&T capabilities for the purpose of identifying unique national features and how they are utilized in the evolving global S&T environment.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309090938
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 167
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Book Description
This report is intended to provide a brief historical perspective of the evolution of the interacademy program during the past half-century, recognizing that many legacies of the Soviet era continue to influence government approaches in Moscow and Washington and to shape the attitudes of researchers toward bilateral cooperation in both countries (of special interest is the changing character of the program during the age of perestroika (restructuring) in the late 1980s in the Soviet Union); to describe in some detail the significant interacademy activities from late 1991, when the Soviet Union fragmented, to mid-2003; and to set forth lessons learned about the benefits and limitations of interacademy cooperation and to highlight approaches that have been successful in overcoming difficulties of implementation.
Author: Loren R. Graham
Publisher: Indiana University Press
ISBN: 0253219884
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 434
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Book Description
This analysis of Russian science shows how the Russian science establishment was one of the largest in the world boasting a world-leading space programme and Nobel prizes. However, when the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991 the financial supports for the community were eliminated resulting in a 'brain drain'.
Author: Russian Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309181348
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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Book Description
In July 2005, the National Academies released the report Biological Science and Biotechnology in Russia: Controlling Diseases and Enhancing Security. The report offered a number of recommendations that could help restore Russia's ability to join with the United States and the broader international community in leading an expanded global effort to control infectious diseases. A proposed bilateral intergovernmental commission could play a pivotal role toward that end as cooperation moves from assistance to partnership. The report proposed the establishment of two model State Sanitary Epidemiological Surveillance Centers in Russia, more focused support of competitively selected Russian research groups as centers of excellence, the promotion of investments in biotechnology niches that are well suited for Russian companies, and expanded opportunities for young scientists to achieve scientific leadership positions in Russia. Also, the report highlighted the importance of U.S. programs that support the integration of former Soviet defense scientists with civilian researchers who had not been involved in military-related activities.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309373166
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 179
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Book Description
Diplomacy for the 21st Century recommends steps that the Department of State should embrace to take full advantage of the leading science and technology (S&T) capabilities of the United States. These capabilities provide the department with many opportunities to promote a variety of the interests of the United States and its allies in a rapidly changing world wherein S&T are important drivers of economic development at home and abroad and help ensure international security. This report assesses and makes recommendations concerning the changing environment for the conduct of diplomacy in the years ahead, with a focus on the role of S&T in the development and implementation of U.S. policies and programs. According to this report, prompt steps by the department's leadership are essential to ensure adequate comprehension of the importance of S&T-related developments throughout the world and to incorporate this understanding within the nation's foreign policy for the 21st century. This report also urges the adoption by the department of a broader whole-of-society approach in carrying out its responsibilities at home and abroad - extending beyond traditional interagency coordination and the narrow band of current external partners to include foundations, universities, research centers, and other groups who are extending their international reach.
