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Author: Sabrina Ching Yuen Luk
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1315516284
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Book Description
China’s current social medical insurance system has nominally covered more than 95 per cent of 1.4 billion population in China and is moving towards the ambitious goal of universal health insurance coverage. Challenges posed by a rapidly ageing population, an inherently discriminatory design of the health insurance system, the disorder of drug distribution system and an immature legal system constrain the Chinese government from realizing its goal of universal health insurance coverage in the long run. This book uses a refined version of historical institutionalism to critically examine China's pathway to universal health insurance coverage since the mid-1980s. It pays crucial attention to the processes of transforming China's healthcare financing system into the basic social medical insurance system alongside rapid socio-economic changes. Financing Healthcare in China will interest researchers and government and think-tank officials interested in the state of healthcare reforms in China. Healthcare specialists outside of East Asia may also be interested in its general study of healthcare in developing countries. Scholars and students interested in the healthcare field will also find this useful.
Author: Sabrina Ching Yuen Luk
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1315516284
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Book Description
China’s current social medical insurance system has nominally covered more than 95 per cent of 1.4 billion population in China and is moving towards the ambitious goal of universal health insurance coverage. Challenges posed by a rapidly ageing population, an inherently discriminatory design of the health insurance system, the disorder of drug distribution system and an immature legal system constrain the Chinese government from realizing its goal of universal health insurance coverage in the long run. This book uses a refined version of historical institutionalism to critically examine China's pathway to universal health insurance coverage since the mid-1980s. It pays crucial attention to the processes of transforming China's healthcare financing system into the basic social medical insurance system alongside rapid socio-economic changes. Financing Healthcare in China will interest researchers and government and think-tank officials interested in the state of healthcare reforms in China. Healthcare specialists outside of East Asia may also be interested in its general study of healthcare in developing countries. Scholars and students interested in the healthcare field will also find this useful.
Author: Lawton Robert Burns
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1316738396
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 744
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Book Description
This volume provides a comprehensive review of China's healthcare system and policy reforms in the context of the global economy. Following a value-chain framework, the 16 chapters cover the payers, the providers, and the producers (manufacturers) in China's system. It also provides a detailed analysis of the historical development of China's healthcare system, the current state of its broad reforms, and the uneasy balance between China's market-driven approach and governmental regulation. Most importantly, it devotes considerable attention to the major problems confronting China, including chronic illness, public health, and long-term care and economic security for the elderly. Burns and Liu have assembled the latest research from leading health economists and political scientists, as well as senior public health officials and corporate executives, making this book an essential read for industry professionals, policymakers, researchers, and students studying comparative health systems across the world.
Author: David S. Weis
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 3732239586
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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Book Description
This study investigates the situation of Universal Health Care (UHC) in China from a health economic perspective. The first chapter introduces the historical background, analyzes the relevance of UHC and sheds light on the current health insurance status. In this chapter a new holistic health insurance theory is proposed that allows the inclusion of preventive medicine. The second chapter introduces the "Definition and concept" consisting of three dimensions: Firstly, the height dimension with the leading question "What proportion of the costs is covered?". Secondly, the depth dimension that is concerned with the question "Which benefits are covered?". This chapter puts a special focus on the important economic role of non-communicable diseases. Thirdly, the breadth dimension which investigates the question "Who is insured?". The third chapter, looking at the first dimension, found a high but shrinking amount of out-of-pocket payments and catastrophic health payments. Comparing the payment and benefit distributions, it found the ability to pay principle and insufficient separation of health service payments from its consumption. The second dimension discovered problems concerning the roles of ministries, financing and the benefit package. Reforming these areas will be necessary to provide people with appropriate health care. The third dimension showed that migrant workers are exposed to more health risks, have less access to health care and a lower health status. The de facto coverage rate for the Chinese population (including migrant workers) was calculated to be 81.19% in 2011 and 82.16% in 2020. The goals of the Chinese Communist Party (90% in 2011 and nearly 100% in 2020) are hence not reached. The study closes with a "Summary and conclusion, a "Boundaries and discussion" and an "Outlook" section.
Author: Amanda Glassman
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
ISBN: 1944691057
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 449
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Book Description
Vaccinate children against deadly pneumococcal disease, or pay for cardiac patients to undergo lifesaving surgery? Cover the costs of dialysis for kidney patients, or channel the money toward preventing the conditions that lead to renal failure in the first place? Policymakers dealing with the realities of limited health care budgets face tough decisions like these regularly. And for many individuals, their personal health care choices are equally stark: paying for medical treatment could push them into poverty. Many low- and middle-income countries now aspire to universal health coverage, where governments ensure that all people have access to the quality health services they need without risk of impoverishment. But for universal health coverage to become reality, the health services offered must be consistent with the funds available—and this implies tough everyday choices for policymakers that could be the difference between life and death for those affected by any given condition or disease. The situation is particularly acute in low- and middle income countries where public spending on health is on the rise but still extremely low, and where demand for expanded services is growing rapidly. What’s In, What’s Out: Designing Benefits for Universal Health Coverage argues that the creation of an explicit health benefits plan—a defined list of services that are and are not available—is an essential element in creating a sustainable system of universal health coverage. With contributions from leading health economists and policy experts, the book considers the many dimensions of governance, institutions, methods, political economy, and ethics that are needed to decide what’s in and what’s out in a way that is fair, evidence-based, and sustainable over time.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309254094
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 486
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Book Description
The population of Asia is growing both larger and older. Demographically the most important continent on the world, Asia's population, currently estimated to be 4.2 billion, is expected to increase to about 5.9 billion by 2050. Rapid declines in fertility, together with rising life expectancy, are altering the age structure of the population so that in 2050, for the first time in history, there will be roughly as many people in Asia over the age of 65 as under the age of 15. It is against this backdrop that the Division of Behavioral and Social Research at the U.S. National Institute on Aging (NIA) asked the National Research Council (NRC), through the Committee on Population, to undertake a project on advancing behavioral and social research on aging in Asia. Aging in Asia: Findings from New and Emerging Data Initiatives is a peer-reviewed collection of papers from China, India, Indonesia, Japan, and Thailand that were presented at two conferences organized in conjunction with the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Indian National Science Academy, Indonesian Academy of Sciences, and Science Council of Japan; the first conference was hosted by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Beijing, and the second conference was hosted by the Indian National Science Academy in New Delhi. The papers in the volume highlight the contributions from new and emerging data initiatives in the region and cover subject areas such as economic growth, labor markets, and consumption; family roles and responsibilities; and labor markets and consumption.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309477891
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 399
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Book Description
In 2015, building on the advances of the Millennium Development Goals, the United Nations adopted Sustainable Development Goals that include an explicit commitment to achieve universal health coverage by 2030. However, enormous gaps remain between what is achievable in human health and where global health stands today, and progress has been both incomplete and unevenly distributed. In order to meet this goal, a deliberate and comprehensive effort is needed to improve the quality of health care services globally. Crossing the Global Quality Chasm: Improving Health Care Worldwide focuses on one particular shortfall in health care affecting global populations: defects in the quality of care. This study reviews the available evidence on the quality of care worldwide and makes recommendations to improve health care quality globally while expanding access to preventive and therapeutic services, with a focus in low-resource areas. Crossing the Global Quality Chasm emphasizes the organization and delivery of safe and effective care at the patient/provider interface. This study explores issues of access to services and commodities, effectiveness, safety, efficiency, and equity. Focusing on front line service delivery that can directly impact health outcomes for individuals and populations, this book will be an essential guide for key stakeholders, governments, donors, health systems, and others involved in health care.
Author: William Hsiao
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
In less than a decade, China transformed its inadequate, unjust health care system in order to provide basic universal health coverage (UHC) for its people. What forces made it possible for China to achieve this? What kind of transformation took place? What are the impacts of these policy changes? What can we learn from China? Moreover, while China has achieved UHC in basic health services, this does not mean that everyone has equal access to the same quality of affordable health care. This paper, which uses a theory of political economy to analyse Chinaś policy changes and accomplishments, consists of four main sections. Section I reviews the historical development of the Chinese health care system from the 1950s through the 1990s, tracing the serious consequences of the policy shift in the 1980s when the health care system and health care delivery became privately financed and commercialized. Section II analyses the political economy factors that drove and shaped the reform of the Chinese health system, focusing on the politics, institutions and actors that synergistically led to the establishment of UHC in 2009. In this section, we modified slightly John Kingdonś theory and used it to examine four main streams of forces to explain how Chinaś reform came about. (1) The problem stream shows how Chinese political leaders recognized a serious, widespread public discontent regarding health and then diagnosed the root causes of these health problems. (2) The policy stream examines how major stakeholders in the health sector proposed, and heatedly debated, different policy options based on their vested interests and ideologies. (3) The financial stream highlights how Chinaś health policy was driven by fiscal constraints. (4) The politics stream analyses the political factors that influenced the agenda setting and policy formulation of UHC in authoritarian China, albeit with limited political transparency. The paper tracks these streams with historical evidence to conclude that the policy changes for UHC in China were established by the convergence of these four streams. Section III presents the policy outcomes - the current financing structure of the UHC (i.e., the three different insurance schemes, their benefit packages, and key companion programmes to assure the supply of basic services). Based on quantitative evidence, we summarize the impacts of Chinaś UHC in terms of equitable access to health care, quality and affordability of health care, health outcomes, and financial risk protection from high and/or catastrophic medical expenses. Although Chinaś UHC was a great achievement, stark disparities remain between urban and rural residents in China, along with high health expenditure inflation rates arising from inefficiency and waste in the health care system. In section IV, we discuss the remaining challenges for Chinaś health care system and comment on the potential lessons of the Chinese experience for other nations.
Author:
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Child development
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
Abstract: In 2003, after over 20 years of minimal health insurance coverage in rural areas, China launched a heavily subsidized voluntary health insurance program for rural residents. The authors use program and household survey data, as well as health facility census data, to analyze factors affecting enrollment into the program and to estimate its impact on households and health facilities. They obtain estimates by combining differences-in-differences with matching methods. The authors find some evidence of lower enrollment rates among poor households, holding other factors constant, and higher enrollment rates among households with chronically sick members. The household and facility data point to the scheme significantly increasing both outpatient and inpatient utilization (by 20-30 percent), but they find no impact on utilization in the poorest decile. For the sample as a whole, the authors find no statistically significant effects on average out-of-pocket spending, but they do find some-albeit weak-evidence of increased catastrophic health spending. For the poorest decile, by contrast, they find that the scheme increased average out-of-pocket spending but reduced the incidence of catastrophic health spending. They find evidence that the program has increased ownership of expensive equipment among central township health centers but had no impact on cost per case.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264300309
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 100
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Book Description
This report describes the current situation with regard to universal health coverage and global quality of care, and outlines the steps governments, health services and their workers, together with citizens and patients need to urgently take.
Author:
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821379836
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
Since 1978 when it embarked on sweeping agricultural and industrial reforms, China's economic growth has been remarkable. Its success in transforming itself within just three decades from a very poor low-income country to a successful middle-income country is unparalleled. During this period, however, and in contrast to the first 30 years of the People's Republic, progress in the health sector has been disappointing. For example, during the period 1980-2007, China increased its income per head as a percentage of the OECD average from 3 percent to 15 per cent, but infant mortality fell no faste.
