Understanding the Gender Earnings Gap in the Post-apartheid South African Labour Market PDF Download
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Author: Sumayya Goga
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 51
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Book Description
Author: Sumayya Goga
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 51
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Book Description
Author: Haroon Bhorat
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781920055899
Category : Sex discrimination against women
Languages : en
Pages : 25
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Book Description
Author: Jacqueline Mosomi
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789292566517
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This paper investigates the evolution of the gender wage gap in South Africa, using the 1993-2015 Post-Apartheid Labour Market Series data set. The changes in the gap are heterogeneous across the wage distribution. There has been a substantial narrowing of the gap at the bottom of the distribution, attributable to the implementation of the minimum wage in low-paying industries However, the median gender wage gap is substantial at 23-35 per cent. This is unexplained by differences in human capital characteristics, and is not declining over time. This implies that wage-employed women in South Africa have better human capital characteristics than men. Contrary to previous literature, the wage gap at the mean narrowed from 40 per cent in 1993 to 16 per cent in 2014. The gap at the 90th percentile declined during 1993-2005, but has expanded in recent years. This is due to a continually expanding unexplained component of the wage gap, which is usually associated with discrimination.
Author: Shirley Johnson-Lans
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319515659
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 87
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Book Description
This Palgrave Pivot features original research studies of wage inequality in African countries including South Africa, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Uganda. The contributors examine gender and racial wage differentials, as well as the effects of urbanization and globalization on inequality in wages and earnings. They also examine the extent to which human capital factors such as education and experience contribute to the significant wage differentials that exist in African countries.
Author: Jorge Saba Arbache
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821380702
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 454
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Book Description
Women's earnings are a fraction of male's earnings in several African countries. It is tempting to conclude that this wage gap is a sign of discrimination against women in the labor market. Yet this book uses new datasets to show that the gap is not simply the result of discrimination in the labor markets, but rather the result of multiple factors, including access to education and credit, cultural values and household duties, and, above all, labor market conditions. It shows that gender disparities grow when economies are not functioning well and labor markets are tiny. More than the effect of discrimination, it seems that job rationing causes those with better human capital and those with more power in the household usually the men to take the few jobs that are available. It is hardly surprising, then, that in a region where only a fraction of the labor force finds jobs in the formal sector, gender disparities in earnings are so high. The book further documents that firm-level and sector characteristics are additional powerful factors in explaining the gender disparities in the labor market. As the causes are not simple, neither are the solutions; multifaceted strategies are needed. By providing environments that support economic growth and, more importantly, job creation, as well as by promoting equal access for women to education and rethinking the attitudes that limit what women may achieve, governments in the region will substantially improve the well-being of all their peoples. 'Gender Disparities in Africa's Labor Market' helps to fill the knowledge gap and identify the links between gender disparities and poverty reduction. The work was implemented in collaboration with a range of poverty and labor market studies to maximize its usefulness for policy dialogue in specific countries. This book will be of interest to policy makers, students, academics, gender experts, and all those interested in gender issues and development.
Author: Mr.Bankim Chadha
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451853033
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Book Description
The IMF Working Papers series is designed to make IMF staff research available to a wide audience. Almost 300 Working Papers are released each year, covering a wide range of theoretical and analytical topics, including balance of payments, monetary and fiscal issues, global liquidity, and national and international economic developments.
Author: Mattie Susan Landman
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789292568092
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The Employment Equity Act No. 55 of 1998 was introduced by the South African government to address the legacy of apartheid and ensure equitable representation of black people and women in the South African labour market. Although the impacts of the Act are highly controversial, its widespread adoption among firms opens up questions on its impact on the structure of the South African labour market. This study primarily focuses on determining the impact of the Act on female inter-industry labour mobility and the gender wage gap. Using a regression discontinuity design, we show that as a firm becomes compliant with the Act, this increases the diversity of sectors from which the firm hires new female workers (the female inflow diversity), and increases the firm's average female wage. We also find that the more male-dominant an industry is, the higher its female inflow diversity and the smaller its gender wage gap. This relationship is significantly stronger among the group of firms that comply with the Act compared to those that are exempt. These results suggest that firms that comply with the Act, and particularly those in male-dominant industries, have adopted the following two recruitment strategies in order to feminize their workforce: they have diversified recruitment to a larger number of sectors, and they have increased the average female wage.
Author: Sayed Obonye Timuno
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Labor market
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
The transition of South Africa's political system from an apartheid administration to a democratic rule in 1994 resulted in the end of years of international sanctions imposed on the country. This move placed the country back on the global trading market. In addition, improvements in living conditions, education attainment, and labour market outcomes of societal groups who were previously disadvantaged by the apartheid administration were expected. Looking at the labour market in greater detail, government devised policies aimed at addressing, amongst others, the racial and gender inequalities in job access and remuneration as well as improving the employment conditions. Despite these attempts, women have been known to be subjected to different kinds of discrimination. As a result, they have been segregated, and in most case were over-represented in low income, less secure employment as well as over-represented in the unemployed pool of the labour force. Numerous South African studies in the past only derived the "trends" labour market activities by gender since the transition by comparing the 1995 October Household Survey (OHS) with the latest available Labour Force Survey (LFS), without taking into consideration the comparability issues of the datasets. Hence, this thesis uses all the South African labour survey data in 1995-2009 to investigate the trends in the performance of each gender in the labour market since the transition, specifically looking at the following: labour force participation likelihood, employment likelihood, remuneration and working conditions of the employed, characteristics of the unemployed, as well as whether gender discrimination in the labour market (with specific focus on employment probability gap and wage gap) still exists since the advent of democracy.
Author: Haroon Bhorat
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781920055936
Category : Education, Higher
Languages : en
Pages : 22
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Book Description
"This paper attempts to understand some of the key drivers of employment and earnings trends within the South African labour market in the 15 years following the demise of apartheid. A number of factors are discussed which feature in the understanding of South Africa's labour market dynamics in general, and its high unemployment levels in particular. The role of demographic characteristics in determining labour market outcomes is investigated, along with employment trends by sector. The paper also examines the skills mismatch between labour demand and supply. The role played by the institutional regulatory framework in the labour market is examined and estimates of the wage premia associated with union and bargaining council membership are presented. The paper also discusses the role played by the quality of higher education in determining labour market success." -- Abstract.
Author: Olajumoke Yacob-Haliso
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
ISBN: 9783030280987
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This definitive handbook is the first reference of its kind bringing together knowledge, scholarship, and debates on themes and issues concerning African women everywhere. It unearths, critiques, reviews, analyses, theorizes, synthesizes and evaluates African women’s historical, social, political, economic, local and global lives and experiences with a view to decolonizing the corpus. This Handbook questions the gendered roles and positions of African women and the structures, institutions, and processes of policy, politics, and knowledge production that continually construct, deconstruct, and reconstruct African women and the study of them. Contributors offer a consistent emphasis on debunking erroneous and misleading myths about African women's roles and positions, bringing their previously marginalized stories to relief, and ultimately re-writing their histories. Thus, this Handbook enlarges the scope of the field, challenges its orthodoxies, and engenders new subjects, theories, and approaches. This reference work includes, to the greatest extent possible, the voices of African women themselves as writers of their own stories. The detailed, rigorous and up-to-date analyses in the work represent a variety of theoretical, methodological, and transdisciplinary approaches. This reference work will prove vital in charting new directions for the study of African women, and will reverberate in future studies, generating new debates and engendering further interest.
