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Author: Jarosław Działek
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030045943
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 135
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Book Description
The book looks at the factors influencing the level of preparedness of communities exposed to flooding. It is based on original research carried out in twelve areas in southern Poland that suffered serious flood damage in the past thirty years. The underlying research was intended, on the one hand, to verify modern concepts explaining the behaviour of people who were exposed to natural hazards and, on the other, to explore the influence of the local natural, social, historical and economic contexts that could modify that behaviour. The book has three main threads: the social memory of floods and their image as it evolves in time; the influence of social and economic conditions (social vulnerability) on the preparedness to take on flood mitigation measures; and the role of risk communication in strengthening flood resilience. The main body of the work is based on 1) surveys carried out among the flood-affected population and members of local crisis services, 2) interviews with the flood-affected population and with members of administration and services (Police, Fire Dept.) with a history of rescue missions, and 3) an analysis of social media content and of local administration and government agency websites and land-use planning documents. The primary data collected by the authors was supplemented by statistics on the impact of floods occurring in the study areas. The data is presented in tables, graphs and maps for easier comprehension. The book is aimed at researchers and students, as well as at practitioners interested in risk perception, flood memories, social vulnerability & resilience studies, social capacity building, risk communication & education.
Author: Jarosław Działek
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030045943
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 135
Get Book Here
Book Description
The book looks at the factors influencing the level of preparedness of communities exposed to flooding. It is based on original research carried out in twelve areas in southern Poland that suffered serious flood damage in the past thirty years. The underlying research was intended, on the one hand, to verify modern concepts explaining the behaviour of people who were exposed to natural hazards and, on the other, to explore the influence of the local natural, social, historical and economic contexts that could modify that behaviour. The book has three main threads: the social memory of floods and their image as it evolves in time; the influence of social and economic conditions (social vulnerability) on the preparedness to take on flood mitigation measures; and the role of risk communication in strengthening flood resilience. The main body of the work is based on 1) surveys carried out among the flood-affected population and members of local crisis services, 2) interviews with the flood-affected population and with members of administration and services (Police, Fire Dept.) with a history of rescue missions, and 3) an analysis of social media content and of local administration and government agency websites and land-use planning documents. The primary data collected by the authors was supplemented by statistics on the impact of floods occurring in the study areas. The data is presented in tables, graphs and maps for easier comprehension. The book is aimed at researchers and students, as well as at practitioners interested in risk perception, flood memories, social vulnerability & resilience studies, social capacity building, risk communication & education.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Buildings
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
When in doubt, throw it out. Don't risk injury or infection. 2: Ask for help. Many people can do a lot of the cleanup and repairs discussed in this book. But if you have technical questions or do not feel comfortable doing something, get professional help. If there is a federal disaster declaration, a telephone "hotline" will often be publicized to provide information about public, private, and voluntary agency programs to help you recover from the flood. Government disaster programs are there to help you, the taxpayer. You're paying for them; check them out. 3: Floodproof. It is very likely that your home will be flooded again someday. Floodproofing means using materials and practices that will prevent or minimize flood damage in the future. Many floodproofing techniques are inexpensive or can be easily incorporated into your rebuilding program. You can save a lot of money by floodproofing as you repair and rebuild (see Step 8).
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Disaster relief
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Book Description
Accompanying CD-ROM contains additional supporting materials, sample electronic slide presentations, and other resources.
Author: Jingyuan Li
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Environmental economics
Languages : en
Pages : 146
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Book Description
Flooding events, including coastal, estuarine, and riverine floods, cause considerable losses to individuals and businesses in the United States. In recent decades, over 80 percent of disaster losses nationwide have been attributed to flooding. Many flood hazard mitigation measures, including programs designed to inform people about potential hazards, plans that promote disaster preparedness, and regulations designed to limit vulnerability though building standards, have elements of local public goods in that they provide benefits for an entire community and agents in the community are not excluded once the goods have been made available. As such, local governments play a critical role in flood hazard mitigation. Policy makers need information to allow them to better understand community hazard mitigation behavior and evaluate the effectiveness of local flood mitigation projects so they can develop impactful management strategies. The analyses in this dissertation provide such information. This dissertation focuses on the Community Rating System (CRS) of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), which credits local floodplain management activities and provides flood insurance premium discounts for households and businesses in a community. In order to motivate flood insurance purchase and promote increased flood hazard mitigation, the CRS credits 18 community floodplain management activities in four broad categories: (1) public information; (2) flood mapping and regulation; (3) flood damage reduction; and (4) flood preparedness. FEMA classifies the portfolio of community flood management practices on a ten point scale, reflecting the overall level of mitigation. The CRS classification determines premium discounts for insurance purchases under the NFIP. Discounts range from five to 45 percent. Programs like CRS seek to incent cooperation amongst federal, state, and local governments rather than impose top-down mandates that require particular mitigation approaches. By offering individual financial inducements for community-level flood hazard mitigation, CRS is an incentive-based, bottom-up cooperative approach to risk management that could address some of the shortcomings of other cooperative approaches to environmental management. Through an improved understanding of CRS, state governments and FEMA can better encourage participation in the CRS and similar programs in order to provide for better protection from natural hazards. It also allows for a better targeting of resources to improve hazard vulnerability. This dissertation has three major chapters. Chapter 3, which is entitled "Participation in the Community Rating System of NFIP: An Empirical Analysis of North Carolina Counties", tests a number of hypotheses offered by previous researchers regarding factors that motivate local hazard management initiatives through an examination of patterns in CRS participation across all 100 North Carolina counties from 1991 to 2002. Specifically, we examine the influence of flood experience, hydrological risk, local capacity, and socioeconomic factors on county hazard mitigation decisions. Results indicate that flood history and physical risk factors increase likelihood of local hazard mitigation adoption. We find evidence that the probability of CRS participation is lower in counties with a greater proportion of senior citizens and greater level of education, and that flood hazard mitigation activities at the county level are more likely when a greater number of nested of municipalities participate in CRS. Chapter 4, which is entitled "Evaluation of the Community Rating System of National Flood Insurance Program - An Application of Propensity Score Matching", develops innovative ways to assess the performance of the CRS. The true performance of CRS can be determined if one compares a meaningful outcome - like the average property damage during flooding events - for each CRS participant with their untreated selves during the same event. However, it is impossible to observe what would have happened to CRS participants in absence of their participating in the CRS (lack of counterfactual). The primary objective of chapter 4 is to use propensity score matching (PSM) methods to correct sample selection bias due to observable differences between the CRS participants and comparison groups. Although there is substantial variation in the results, the findings show that all of the effects are in the same direction, indicating CRS effectively reduces the average property damage due to flood hazard. Chapter 5, which is entitled "Estimation of a Dynamic Model: Policy Learning in Hazard Mitigation", addresses the dynamic nature in flood hazard mitigation policy learning by examining the patterns in Community Rating System (CRS) scores across all 100 counties in North Carolina from 1995 to 2010, with controls of flood experience, hydrological risk factors, local capacity, and socioeconomic factors. It is important for local governments to maintain stability and transparency in planning and policy-making processes, so that agents and institutions can form reasonable expectations upon which to make development and investment decisions. As a result, the establishment of a new framework of hazard mitigation presents a considerable challenge, involving a change of momentum which requires commissioner meetings, public hearings, and ordinance revisions, all of which are costly. Therefore, we postulate that hazard mitigation policy evolution in response natural disasters can be described in terms of a dynamic mechanism. The dynamic panel model is characterized by the presence of a lagged dependent variable among the regressors, incorporating both dynamics and individual-specific effects. The result show that once local governments regulate their floodplains in ways that go beyond the minimum required by the NFIP, they tend to improve flood hazard mitigation incrementally despite changes in staff and shifts in local political regimes.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Earthquakes
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Flood control
Languages : en
Pages : 492
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Book Description
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 030948961X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 101
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Book Description
Flooding is the natural hazard with the greatest economic and social impact in the United States, and these impacts are becoming more severe over time. Catastrophic flooding from recent hurricanes, including Superstorm Sandy in New York (2012) and Hurricane Harvey in Houston (2017), caused billions of dollars in property damage, adversely affected millions of people, and damaged the economic well-being of major metropolitan areas. Flooding takes a heavy toll even in years without a named storm or event. Major freshwater flood events from 2004 to 2014 cost an average of $9 billion in direct damage and 71 lives annually. These figures do not include the cumulative costs of frequent, small floods, which can be similar to those of infrequent extreme floods. Framing the Challenge of Urban Flooding in the United States contributes to existing knowledge by examining real-world examples in specific metropolitan areas. This report identifies commonalities and variances among the case study metropolitan areas in terms of causes, adverse impacts, unexpected problems in recovery, or effective mitigation strategies, as well as key themes of urban flooding. It also relates, as appropriate, causes and actions of urban flooding to existing federal resources or policies.
Author: Flood Loss Reduction Associates
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Flood damage prevention
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Flood damage prevention
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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Book Description
Author: Frances C. Wilkinson
Publisher: Assoc of Cllge & Rsrch Libr
ISBN: 0838985483
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 251
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Book Description
