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Author: Ben Vinson
Publisher: Stanford University Press
ISBN: 9780804750240
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
This study uses the participation of free colored men, whether mulatos, pardos, or morenos (i.e., Afro-Spaniards, Afro-Indians, or "pure blacks"), in New Spain's militias as a prism for examining race relations, racial identity, racial categorization, and issues of social mobility for racially stigmatized groups in colonial Mexico. By 1793, nearly 10 percent of New Spain's population was made up of people who could trace some African ancestrypeople subject to more legal disabilities and social discrimination than mestizos, who in turn fell below white creoles, who in turn fell below the Spanish-born, in the stratified and caste-like society of colonial Spanish America. The originality of this study lies in approaching race via a single, important institution, the military, rather than via abstractions or examples taken from particular regions or single runs of legal documents. By exploring the lives of tens of thousands of part-time and full-time free colored soldiers, who served the colony as volunteers or conscripts, and by adopting a multi-regional approach, the author is able not only to show how military institutions evolved with reference to race and vice versa, but to do so in a manner that reveals discontinuities and regional differences as well as historical trends. He also is able to examine black lives beyond the institution of slavery and to achieve a more nuanced impression of the meaning of freedom in colonial times. From the 1550s on, free colored forces figured prominently in the colony's military forces, and units of free colored soldiers evolved with increasing autonomy in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The author concludes, however, that the Bourbon reforms of the 1760swhich clearly expanded the military establishment and the role of Spanish soldiers born in the New Worldcame at the expense of free colored companies, which experienced a reduction in both numbers and institutional privileges.
Author: Ben Vinson
Publisher: Stanford University Press
ISBN: 9780804750240
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
This study uses the participation of free colored men, whether mulatos, pardos, or morenos (i.e., Afro-Spaniards, Afro-Indians, or "pure blacks"), in New Spain's militias as a prism for examining race relations, racial identity, racial categorization, and issues of social mobility for racially stigmatized groups in colonial Mexico. By 1793, nearly 10 percent of New Spain's population was made up of people who could trace some African ancestrypeople subject to more legal disabilities and social discrimination than mestizos, who in turn fell below white creoles, who in turn fell below the Spanish-born, in the stratified and caste-like society of colonial Spanish America. The originality of this study lies in approaching race via a single, important institution, the military, rather than via abstractions or examples taken from particular regions or single runs of legal documents. By exploring the lives of tens of thousands of part-time and full-time free colored soldiers, who served the colony as volunteers or conscripts, and by adopting a multi-regional approach, the author is able not only to show how military institutions evolved with reference to race and vice versa, but to do so in a manner that reveals discontinuities and regional differences as well as historical trends. He also is able to examine black lives beyond the institution of slavery and to achieve a more nuanced impression of the meaning of freedom in colonial times. From the 1550s on, free colored forces figured prominently in the colony's military forces, and units of free colored soldiers evolved with increasing autonomy in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The author concludes, however, that the Bourbon reforms of the 1760swhich clearly expanded the military establishment and the role of Spanish soldiers born in the New Worldcame at the expense of free colored companies, which experienced a reduction in both numbers and institutional privileges.
Author: Kevin McLellan (Poet)
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780989329651
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Poetry. LGBT Studies. "The poems of Kevin McLellan's highly accomplished first collection are haunting and elliptical but never oblique or encoded. Lightning flashes of insight, memory, elegy, and stern self-reckonings illuminate the horizons of these poems, which are unsettling and ecstatic by turns. These are the poems of 'polysemy without mask' that Paul Celan strove to write, and Kevin McLellan is a poet of singular promise." David Wojahn"
Author: Laurie McCammon
Publisher: Red Wheel/Weiser
ISBN: 1573246832
Category : Self-Help
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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Book Description
In the cultural story in which we live, we are told that we are never enough. We think we must repeatedly alter or improve ourselves in order to be deserving of the happiness, acceptance, security, and meaning we desire. We are told we are not enough to make a difference in the mounting economic, political, social, and environmental crises of our times. But what if all of these messages are wrong? What if most of the suffering we experiencelow self-esteem, self-doubt, depression, anxiety, addiction, fear, and stressarent an indication of personal deficit, but are direct symptoms of a set of cultural norms that cause us to orient toward lack while systematically ignoring opportunities for abundance and well-being for ourselves and the planet?Enough! reveals the startlingly simple cure for the planetary paradigm: examining our orientation to the word enough. Drawing inspiration from a spontaneous download she received of these words I am enough. I have enough. We are enough. We have enough. Enough! and providing evidence from the diverse domains of science, technology, spirituality, systems theory, indigenous wisdom, and thriving social movements, author Laurie McCammon shows that a more positive and collectively abundant future is inevitable.Because the New Story we are waking up to is not another mythical story, but the universe's 13.8 billion-year-old Enough success story, one whose intention is to ensure sustainable abundance for all, absolutely nothing can stand in the way. from the IntroductionEnough! offers a solution to our broken paradigm and our broken psyches and shows readers how to root out this never-enough story and develop a sense of enoughness that leads organically to solutions to problems from the personal to the local to the geopolitical.
Author: Joel Makower
Publisher: Vintage
ISBN: 9780679742579
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages : 372
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Book Description
This unique sourcebook for map lovers is newly revised in a third edition that includes more maps than ever before. In addition to a profusion of road maps, aerial maps, geological maps, historical maps, weather maps, nautical maps, military maps, census maps, and astronomical maps, this third revised edition contains: -- the most current maps of Russia and Eastern Europe; -- a new section on the age of exploration; -- the most up-to-date information about map software; -- a completely new section on how to have a professional map made; -- the latest information about the new generation of maps based on the 1990 census. Whether you want maps of airports or zip codes, highways, hurricanes, or hidden treasure, The Map Catalog is the book for you.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 850
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Book Description
Author: Michael D. Delong
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128188480
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 1109
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Book Description
Rivers of North America, Second Edition features new updates on rivers included in the first edition, as well as brand new information on additional rivers. This new edition expands the knowledge base, providing readers with a broader comparative approach to understand both the common and distinct attributes of river networks. The first edition addressed the three primary disciplines of river science: hydrology, geomorphology, and ecology. This new edition expands upon the interactive nature of these disciplines, showing how they define the organization of a riverine landscape and its processes. An essential resource for river scientists working in ecology, hydrology, and geomorphology. - Provides a single source of information on North America's major rivers - Features authoritative information on more than 200 rivers from regional specialists - Includes full-color photographs and topographical maps to illustrate the beauty, major features, and uniqueness of each river system - Offers one-page summaries help readers quickly find key statistics and make comparisons among rivers
Author: H. W. Hjalmarson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Flood control
Languages : en
Pages : 70
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Stream measurements
Languages : en
Pages : 670
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Earth sciences
Languages : en
Pages : 294
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Book Description
Author: Norah L. A. Gharala
Publisher: University Alabama Press
ISBN: 0817320075
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 309
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Book Description
A definitive analysis of the most successful tribute system in the Americas as applied to Afromexicans During the eighteenth century, hundreds of thousands of free descendants of Africans in Mexico faced a highly specific obligation to the Spanish crown, a tax based on their genealogy and status. This royal tribute symbolized imperial loyalties and social hierarchies. As the number of free people of color soared, this tax became a reliable source of revenue for the crown as well as a signal that colonial officials and ordinary people referenced to define and debate the nature of blackness. Taxing Blackness: Free Afromexican Tribute in Bourbon New Spain examines the experiences of Afromexicans and this tribute to explore the meanings of race, political loyalty, and legal privileges within the Spanish colonial regime. Norah L. A. Gharala focuses on both the mechanisms officials used to define the status of free people of African descent and the responses of free Afromexicans to these categories and strategies. This study spans the eighteenth century and focuses on a single institution to offer readers a closer look at the place of Afromexican individuals in Bourbon New Spain, which was the most profitable and populous colony of the Spanish Atlantic. As taxable subjects, many Afromexicans were deeply connected to the colonial regime and ongoing debates about how taxpayers should be defined, whether in terms of reputation or physical appearance. Gharala shows the profound ambivalence, and often hostility, that free people of African descent faced as they navigated a regime that simultaneously labeled them sources of tax revenue and dangerous vagabonds. Some free Afromexicans paid tribute to affirm their belonging and community ties. Others contested what they saw as a shameful imposition that could harm their families for generations. The microhistory includes numerous anecdotes from specific cases and people, bringing their history alive, resulting in a wealth of rural and urban, gender, and family insight.
