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Author: Xin-rong Zhang
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118380045
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
A timely and comprehensive introduction to CO2 heat pump theory and usage A comprehensive introduction of CO2 application in heat pump, authored by leading scientists in the field CO2 is a hot topic due to concerns over global warming and the 'greenhouse effect'. Its disposal and application has attracted considerable research and governmental interest Explores the basic theories, devices, systems and cycles and real application designs for varying applications, ensuring comprehensive coverage of a current topic CO2 heat transfer has everyday applications including water heaters, air-conditioning systems, residential and commercial heating systems, and cooling systems
Author: Xin-rong Zhang
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118380045
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 320
Get Book Here
Book Description
A timely and comprehensive introduction to CO2 heat pump theory and usage A comprehensive introduction of CO2 application in heat pump, authored by leading scientists in the field CO2 is a hot topic due to concerns over global warming and the 'greenhouse effect'. Its disposal and application has attracted considerable research and governmental interest Explores the basic theories, devices, systems and cycles and real application designs for varying applications, ensuring comprehensive coverage of a current topic CO2 heat transfer has everyday applications including water heaters, air-conditioning systems, residential and commercial heating systems, and cooling systems
Author: Ayman G. M. Ibrahim
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Xin-rong Zhang
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118380061
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 320
Get Book Here
Book Description
A timely and comprehensive introduction to CO2 heat pump theory and usage A comprehensive introduction of CO2 application in heat pump, authored by leading scientists in the field CO2 is a hot topic due to concerns over global warming and the 'greenhouse effect'. Its disposal and application has attracted considerable research and governmental interest Explores the basic theories, devices, systems and cycles and real application designs for varying applications, ensuring comprehensive coverage of a current topic CO2 heat transfer has everyday applications including water heaters, air-conditioning systems, residential and commercial heating systems, and cooling systems
Author: Xin-Rong Zhang
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031225120
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 355
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Book Description
This book covers the fundamentals and applications of carbon dioxide vapor compression refrigeration thermodynamic cycles. In particular, it presents new application areas, such as making ice and snow in the Winter Olympic Games, food cooling and refrigeration. The book explores the physical and chemical characteristics of CO2 fluid, and the unique traits of its thermodynamic cycle. The contributors explain how CO2 refrigeration is a developing, eco-friendly technology, and emphasize its importance for refrigeration and air-conditioning in the current and future market. This book is a valuable source of information for researchers, engineers and policy makers looking to expand their applicable knowledge of high-potential refrigeration technology using carbon dioxide. It is also of interest to postgraduate students and practitioners looking for an academic insight into the industry’s latest eco-friendly technologies.
Author: Kim G. Christen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : da
Pages : 22
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 356
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Book Description
Carbon dioxide (CO2) -- Transcritical heat pump -- Energy-based representation -- Fault detection -- Fault diagnosis -- Fault detection and isolation -- Koolstofdioksied (CO2) -- Transkritiese hittepompstelsel -- Energie-gebaseerde voorstelling -- Foutopsporing -- Foutdiagnose -- Foutdeteksie en isolasie.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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Book Description
This study focuses on the experimental testing and numerical modeling of a 4.5 kW transcritical CO2 heat pump water heater at Queen's University in the Solar Calorimetry Laboratory. Due to the predicted high heat rejection temperatures in a transcritical vapour-compression cycle, buoyancy driven thermosyphon flow through a brazed-plate gas-cooler was proposed to promote tank stratification and to improve system performance. The performance was evaluated through a series of experimental sensitivity and static tank charge tests. A TRNSYS model was also created and verified to simulate the performance of the system under a detailed user demand schedule for a week of operation. The TRNSYS model used a parametric table created with a steady-state model of the vapour-compression system in EES that was validated against experimental data to a standard error of the Y-estimate of ±0.073 kW for heating capacity, ±1.01°C for gas-cooler exit temperature, and ±0.086 for COP. A series of tank charge tests were conducted under thermosyphon flow and forced flow rates at 1 L/min, 2 L/min, and 4 L/min. The thermosyphon charge test produced the highest level of stratification and a total COP of 3 at an average flow rate of 0.73 L/min. All of the forced convection cases operated with a higher degree of mixing. TRNSYS model simulations with hot water draws found that the thermosyphon flow configuration performed with a higher degree of stratification under regular user demand while simulations with high flow rates resulted in a mixed tank at a high temperature. Results predicted an 11% reduction in required heat energy input to the storage, a 30% reduction in electrical energy consumption, a 35% reduction in heat loss, and a 29% improvement in COP for the thermosyphon test as compared to the operation with a mixed tank at 4 L/min. The thermosyphon draw test also performed with the lowest average tank temperature, yet produced the highest draw temperatures. Through these results, it was concluded that natural convection operation with brazed-plate gas-coolers can contribute to a better performing system and this flow configuration should be considered in future applications of this technology.
Author: Chen, Lin
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1522520481
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 682
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Book Description
Supercritical fluids have been utilized for numerous scientific advancements and industrial innovations. As the concern for environmental sustainability grows, these fluids have been increasingly used for energy efficiency purposes. Advanced Applications of Supercritical Fluids in Energy Systems is a pivotal reference source for the latest academic material on the integration of supercritical fluids into contemporary energy-related applications. Highlighting innovative discussions on topics such as renewable energy, fluid dynamics, and heat and mass transfer, this book is ideally designed for researchers, academics, professionals, graduate students, and practitioners interested in the latest trends in energy conversion.
Author: Ahmed Ali Okasha
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 162
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Book Description
The US EPA listed R134a as unacceptable refrigerant for newly light-duty vehicles manufactured or sold in the United States as of model year 2021. Carbon dioxide CO2 (R744) has been revived as a natural environmentally friendly refrigerant and is considered a strong alternative to R134a as it has a global warming potential (GWP) of 1 compared to 1300 for R134a. In an air-conditioning system and due to the different thermodynamic properties of CO2, the heat rejection process at the high-pressure side will take place above the critical point for high ambient/sink temperatures. Therefore, for a given ambient temperature, the GC pressure (high-side pressure) can be optimized and controlled independently. Either through simulations or experiments, researchers have been focusing on developing control correlations for the GC pressure to maximize the COP using offline control correlations or online methods. Maximizing COP does not mean that the system is working at its highest cooling/heating capacity that might be desired for example in a transient start-up operation to cool down or heat up the car cabin in the shortest possible time. In addition, offline control correlations suffer deviation from the true optimum as they rely on the system model. Online methods, on the other hand, can be more accurate but often lack the fast convergence to the optimum solution. The aim of this thesis was to develop a new strategy to optimize and control the CO2 transcritical air conditioning system for not only optimum COP, but also optimum cooling/heating capacity or a tradeoff solution based on the system state i.e. transient, steady state, or capacity demand. To find the Pareto Front or the best non-dominated solutions between the COP and the cooling capacity for any set of operating conditions, the existing Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) is used, and the results are generated based on a transcritical CO2 thermodynamic model. The best solutions of both objectives COP and cooling capacity are presented by a Pareto Front for a given operating conditions. Each solution of the Pareto Front has a unique GC pressure and superheat. An optimization parameter k that ranges from 0 to 1 is introduced to easily select maximum COP, maximum cooling capacity, or any of trade-off solutions. Based on the system operating conditions, the high-level optimizer signals the system actuators, the GC pressure, and superheat reference values. The proposed optimization and control approach can be employed as a hybrid offline and online strategy. Based on the current operating conditions, the high-level optimizer will provide an initial estimate of the optimum solution to the online optimizer, which will start searching for the true optimum online from this close initial guess. An optional online optimizer can be integrated in the loop e.g. before the controller, resulting in conjunction with the offline optimizer in a hybrid solution. Such hybrid solution can reduce the time to approach the desired operating point compared to online only methods. Compared to offline only methods, this can additionally enhance COP and Qc based on the actual system characteristics, while it is also able to adapt to changing system characteristics. While the results in this thesis are presented in terms of the cooling capacity, the same findings can be applied for the heating capacity. For further experimental investigations of the transcritical cycle, a modular transcritical CO2 heat pump system and its coolant system have been constructed at the MSU Turbomachinery Lab that support cooling, heating, and dehumidification modes. Several parameters' effects on the system performance have been analyzed and the experimental results are reported.
Author: Chen, Lin
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1799857980
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 821
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Book Description
Supercritical fluids are increasingly being used in energy conversion and fluid dynamics studies for energy-related systems and applications. These new applications are contributing to both the increase of energy efficiency as well as greenhouse gas reduction. Such research is critical for scientific advancement and industrial innovations that can support environmentally friendly strategies for sustainable energy systems. The Handbook of Research on Advancements in Supercritical Fluids Applications for Sustainable Energy Systems is a comprehensive two-volume reference that covers the most recent and challenging issues and outlooks for the applications and innovations of supercritical fluids. The book first converts basic thermo-dynamic behaviors and “abnormal” properties from a thermophysical aspect, then basic heat transfer and flow properties, recent new findings of its physical aspect and indications, chemical engineering properties, micro-nano-scale phenomena, and transient behaviors in fast and critical environments. It is ideal for engineers, energy companies, environmentalists, researchers, academicians, and students studying supercritical fluids and their applications for creating sustainable energy systems.
