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Author: Marlin Touma
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 153
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Book Description
During fetal to neonatal circulatory transition, the mammalian heart undergoes an elaborate maturation process involving structural, morphological, and hemodynamic changes that ultimately lead to functional maturation of left and right ventricular chambers as they synchronize to support the systemic and the pulmonary circuits respectively. Perturbation of this process may have major implications in congenital heart defects (CHDs) and pediatric heart diseases. Transcriptome programming is the driving force of cardiac development and pathological remodeling in heart. Although recent progress of deep RNA sequencing technology has revealed much of the landscape of transcriptome regulation in cardiac development and diseases, transcriptome changes during chamber specific maturation or remodeling in neonatal heart in health and disease conditions remain understudied. During the past three years we have made systematic multidisciplinary efforts to address this critical gap of knowledge. We implemented deep RNA-sequencing to establish genome wide transcriptome profiles at single exon resolution in newborn mouse heart during maturation. Our studies reveal that transcriptome maturation during perinatal circulatory transition is a highly dynamic process which is precisely regulated in spatial and temporal manners, affecting transcriptional regulation, molecular signaling, the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and alternative RNA splicing. Some of these regulatory mechanisms may have potential implications in cardiac maturation, stress response, and neonatal heart diseases. The data provide a comprehensive spatial and temporal landscape of lncRNAs in neonatal heart, revealing their tight regulation and putative function. Among them, several cardiac specific lncRNAs are significantly conserved in human infantile hearts, providing the basis for future investigations in neonatal heart maturation and pathology. Moreover, we discovered chamber specific regulation of Wnt signaling and cellular proliferation programs. From functional studies, we establish for the first time a previously unrecognized significant role of Wnt11 signaling in neonatal heart growth and maturation. More remarkably, we establish that altered regulation of Wnt-mediated signaling in heart of infants with cyanotic CHDs comparing to noncyanotic CHDs, suggesting a potential contribution of Wnt signaling in heart response to chronic hypoxemia. Discovering the functional role of Wnt signaling and exploring the translational implication in early postnatal heart maturation and diseases by establishing the CHD Bio Core at UCLA represent major components of my thesis project.
Author: Marlin Touma
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 153
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Book Description
During fetal to neonatal circulatory transition, the mammalian heart undergoes an elaborate maturation process involving structural, morphological, and hemodynamic changes that ultimately lead to functional maturation of left and right ventricular chambers as they synchronize to support the systemic and the pulmonary circuits respectively. Perturbation of this process may have major implications in congenital heart defects (CHDs) and pediatric heart diseases. Transcriptome programming is the driving force of cardiac development and pathological remodeling in heart. Although recent progress of deep RNA sequencing technology has revealed much of the landscape of transcriptome regulation in cardiac development and diseases, transcriptome changes during chamber specific maturation or remodeling in neonatal heart in health and disease conditions remain understudied. During the past three years we have made systematic multidisciplinary efforts to address this critical gap of knowledge. We implemented deep RNA-sequencing to establish genome wide transcriptome profiles at single exon resolution in newborn mouse heart during maturation. Our studies reveal that transcriptome maturation during perinatal circulatory transition is a highly dynamic process which is precisely regulated in spatial and temporal manners, affecting transcriptional regulation, molecular signaling, the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and alternative RNA splicing. Some of these regulatory mechanisms may have potential implications in cardiac maturation, stress response, and neonatal heart diseases. The data provide a comprehensive spatial and temporal landscape of lncRNAs in neonatal heart, revealing their tight regulation and putative function. Among them, several cardiac specific lncRNAs are significantly conserved in human infantile hearts, providing the basis for future investigations in neonatal heart maturation and pathology. Moreover, we discovered chamber specific regulation of Wnt signaling and cellular proliferation programs. From functional studies, we establish for the first time a previously unrecognized significant role of Wnt11 signaling in neonatal heart growth and maturation. More remarkably, we establish that altered regulation of Wnt-mediated signaling in heart of infants with cyanotic CHDs comparing to noncyanotic CHDs, suggesting a potential contribution of Wnt signaling in heart response to chronic hypoxemia. Discovering the functional role of Wnt signaling and exploring the translational implication in early postnatal heart maturation and diseases by establishing the CHD Bio Core at UCLA represent major components of my thesis project.
Author: Mihail C. Roco
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401703590
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 477
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Book Description
M. C. Roco and W.S. Bainbridge In the early decades of the 21st century, concentrated efforts can unify science based on the unity of nature, thereby advancing the combination of nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, and new technologies based in cognitive science. With proper attention to ethical issues and societal needs, converging in human abilities, societal technologies could achieve a tremendous improvement outcomes, the nation's productivity, and the quality of life. This is a broad, cross cutting, emerging and timely opportunity of interest to individuals, society and humanity in the long term. The phrase "convergent technologies" refers to the synergistic combination of four major "NBIC" (nano-bio-info-cogno) provinces of science and technology, each of which is currently progressing at a rapid rate: (a) nanoscience and nanotechnology; (b) biotechnology and biomedicine, including genetic engineering; (c) information technology, including advanced computing and communications; (d) cognitive science, including cognitive neuroscience. Timely and Broad Opportunity. Convergence of diverse technologies is based on material unity at the nanoscale and on technology integration from that scale.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309108810
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 358
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Book Description
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) constitute a major public health problem, affecting one in every 150 children and their families. Unfortunately, there is little understanding of the causes of ASD, and, despite their broad societal impact, many people believe that the overall research program for autism is incomplete, particularly as it relates to the role of environmental factors. The Institute of Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders, in response to a request from the U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services, hosted a workshop called "Autism and the Environment: Challenges and Opportunities for Research." The focus was on improving the understanding of the ways in which environmental factors such as chemicals, infectious agents, or physiological or psychological stress can affect the development of the brain. Autism and the Environment documents the concerted effort which brought together the key public and private stakeholders to discuss potential ways to improve the understanding of the ways that environmental factors may affect ASD. The presentations and discussions from the workshop that are described in this book identify a number of promising directions for research on the possible role of different environmental agents in the etiology of autism.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309493382
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 621
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Book Description
Children are the foundation of the United States, and supporting them is a key component of building a successful future. However, millions of children face health inequities that compromise their development, well-being, and long-term outcomes, despite substantial scientific evidence about how those adversities contribute to poor health. Advancements in neurobiological and socio-behavioral science show that critical biological systems develop in the prenatal through early childhood periods, and neurobiological development is extremely responsive to environmental influences during these stages. Consequently, social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors significantly affect a child's health ecosystem and ability to thrive throughout adulthood. Vibrant and Healthy Kids: Aligning Science, Practice, and Policy to Advance Health Equity builds upon and updates research from Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity (2017) and From Neurons to Neighborhoods: The Science of Early Childhood Development (2000). This report provides a brief overview of stressors that affect childhood development and health, a framework for applying current brain and development science to the real world, a roadmap for implementing tailored interventions, and recommendations about improving systems to better align with our understanding of the significant impact of health equity.
Author: Raffaele De Caterina
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128045876
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 588
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Book Description
Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics: Fundamentals for Individualized Nutrition is the most comprehensive foundational text on the complex topics of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics. Edited by three leaders in the field with contributions from the most well-cited researchers conducting groundbreaking research in the field, the book covers how the genetic makeup influences the response to foods and nutrients and how nutrients affect gene expression. Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics: Fundamentals for Individualized Nutrition is broken into four parts providing a valuable overview of genetics, nutrigenetics, and nutrigenomics, and a conclusion that helps to translate research into practice. With an overview of the background, evidence, challenges, and opportunities in the field, readers will come away with a strong understanding of how this new science is the frontier of medical nutrition. Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics: Fundamentals for Individualized Nutrition is a valuable reference for students and researchers studying nutrition, genetics, medicine, and related fields. - Uniquely foundational, comprehensive, and systematic approach with full evidence-based coverage of established and emerging topics in nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics - Includes a valuable guide to ethics for genetic testing for nutritional advice - Chapters include definitions, methods, summaries, figures, and tables to help students, researchers, and faculty grasp key concepts - Companion website includes slide decks, images, questions, and other teaching and learning aids designed to facilitate communication and comprehension of the content presented in the book
Author: Kevin J. Mitchell
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691204152
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 305
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Book Description
"What makes you the way you are--and what makes each of us different from everyone else? In Innate, leading neuroscientist and popular science blogger Kevin Mitchell traces human diversity and individual differences to their deepest level: in the wiring of our brains. Deftly guiding us through important new research, including his own groundbreaking work, he explains how variations in the way our brains develop before birth strongly influence our psychology and behavior throughout our lives, shaping our personality, intelligence, sexuality, and even the way we perceive the world. We all share a genetic program for making a human brain, and the program for making a brain like yours is specifically encoded in your DNA. But, as Mitchell explains, the way that program plays out is affected by random processes of development that manifest uniquely in each person, even identical twins. The key insight of Innate is that the combination of these developmental and genetic variations creates innate differences in how our brains are wired--differences that impact all aspects of our psychology--and this insight promises to transform the way we see the interplay of nature and nurture. Innate also explores the genetic and neural underpinnings of disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, and epilepsy, and how our understanding of these conditions is being revolutionized. In addition, the book examines the social and ethical implications of these ideas and of new technologies that may soon offer the means to predict or manipulate human traits. Compelling and original, Innate will change the way you think about why and how we are who we are."--Provided by the publisher.
Author: Paul A. Schulte
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0323138578
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 609
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Book Description
This book will serve as a primer for both laboratory and field scientists who are shaping the emerging field of molecular epidemiology. Molecular epidemiology utilizes the same paradigm as traditional epidemiology but uses biological markers to identify exposure, disease or susceptibility. Schulte and Perera present the epidemiologic methods pertinent to biological markers. The book is also designed to enumerate the considerations necessary for valid field research and provide a resource on the salient and subtle features of biological indicators.
Author: Mousumi Debnath
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9048132614
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 527
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Book Description
A rapid development in diverse areas of molecular biology and genetic engineering resulted in emergence of variety of tools. These tools are not only applicable to basic researches being carried out world over, but also exploited for precise detection of abnormal conditions in plants, animals and human body. Although a basic researcher is well versed with few techniques used by him/her in the laboratory, they may not be well acquainted with methodologies, which can be used to work out some of their own research problems. The picture is more blurred when the molecular diagnostic tools are to be used by physicians, scientists and technicians working in diagnostic laboratories in hospitals, industry and academic institutions. Since many of them are not trained in basics of these methods, they come across several gray areas in understanding of these tools. The accurate application of molecular diagnostic tools demands in depth understanding of the methodology for precise detection of the abnormal condition of living body. To meet the requirements of a good book on molecular diagnostics of students, physicians, scientists working in agricultural, veterinary, medical and pharmaceutical sciences, it needs to expose the reader lucidly to: Give basic science behind commonly used tools in diagnostics Expose the readers to detailed applications of these tools and Make them aware the availability of such diagnostic tools The book will attract additional audience of pathologists, medical microbiologists, pharmaceutical sciences, agricultural scientists and veterinary doctors if the following topics are incorporated at appropriate places in Unit II or separately as a part of Unit-III in the book. Molecular diagnosis of diseases in agricultural crops Molecular diagnosis of veterinary diseases. Molecular epidemiology, which helps to differentiate various epidemic strains and sources of disease outbreaks. Even in different units of the same hospital, the infections could be by different strains of the same species and the information becomes valuable for infection control strategies. Drug resistance is a growing problem for bacterial, fungal and parasitic microbes and the molecular biology tools can help to detect the drug resistance genes without the cultivation and in vitro sensitivity testing. Molecular diagnostics offers faster help in the selection of the proper antibiotic for the treatment of tuberculosis, which is a major problem of the in the developing world. The conventional culture and drug sensitivity testing of tuberculosis bacilli is laborious and time consuming, whereas molecular diagnosis offers rapid drug resistant gene detection even from direct clinical samples. The same approach for HIV, malaria and many more diseases needs to be considered. Molecular diagnostics in the detection of diseases during foetal life is an upcoming area in the foetal medicine in case of genetic abnormalities and infectious like TORCH complex etc. The book will be equally useful to students, scientists and professionals working in the field of molecular diagnostics.
Author: Mary Ellen McCann
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107069777
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 465
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Book Description
A practical, comprehensive guide to the special needs of infants and neonates undergoing anesthesia.
Author: Terry Wood
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323160018
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 217
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Book Description
The Pentose Phosphate Pathway aims to explore the pentose phosphate cycle and the practical techniques applied in its investigation. The main focus of the book is the pentose phosphate cycle in animals as well as microorganisms, and does not discuss the one related to photosynthesis. The book covers the formulation of the pathway, its types, and its alternative formulations; the preparation, processes, and analysis of the pathway; and the enzymes involved. Also covered in the book are the intermediates in intact cells and tissues; distribution of enzymes among different tissues and species; the operation, regulation, and overall control of the pathway; and the clinical, nutritional, and metabolic aspects of the pathway. The text is recommended for biologists and biochemists who would like to understand further the pentose phosphate pathway and the processes related to it.
