Toxic Volatile Organic Compounds in Environmental Tobacco Smoke PDF Download
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Author: J. M. Daisey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lungs
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 109
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Book Description
The primary objective of this study was to measure emission factors for selected toxic air in environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) using a room-sized environmental chamber. The emissions of 23 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including 1,3-butadiene, three aldehydes and two vapor-phase N-nitrosarnines were determined for six commercial brands of cigarettes and reference cigarette 1R4F. The commercial brands were selected to represent 62.5% of the cigarettes smoked in California. For each brand, three cigarettes were machine smoked in the chamber. The experiments were conducted over four hours to investigate the effects of aging. Emission factors of the target compounds were also determined for sidestream smoke (SS). For almost all target compounds, the ETS emission factors were significantly higher than the corresponding SS values probably due to less favorable combustion conditions and wall losses in the SS apparatus. Where valid comparisons could be made, the ETS emission factors were generally in good agreement with the literature. Therefore, the ETS emission factors, rather than the SS values, are recommended for use in models to estimate population exposures from this source. The variabilities in the emission factors (pgkigarette) of the selected toxic air contaminants among brands, expressed as coefficients of variation, were 16 to 29%. Therefore, emissions among brands were generally similar. Differences among brands were related to the smoked lengths of the cigarettes and the masses of consumed tobacco. Mentholation and whether a cigarette was classified as light or regular did not significantly affect emissions. Aging was determined not to be a significant factor for the target compounds. There were, however, deposition losses of the less volatile compounds to chamber surfaces.
Author: J. M. Daisey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lungs
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Passive smoking
Languages : en
Pages : 254
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Book Description
Author: United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 728
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Book Description
This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Author: Roger A. Jenkins
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482278650
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 478
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Book Description
Considered the definitive resource in its field, The Chemistry of Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Composition and Measurement compiles observations on the properties of Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) and on the concentrations of its constituents in indoor air. It focuses on common natural indoor environments and environments associated with chronic exposure. The authors -- all renowned experts -- stress both measurement methods and the competing sources of indoor air contaminants commonly attributed to ETS. For the second edition, each chapter has been updated to reflect new studies and up-to-date information.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Passive smoking
Languages : en
Pages : 736
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Book Description
This Surgeon General's report returns to the topic of the health effects of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke. The last comprehensive review of this evidence by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) was in the 1986 Surgeon General's report, The Health Consequences of Involuntary Smoking, published 20 years ago this year. This new report updates the evidence of the harmful effects of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke. This large body of research findings is captured in an accompanying dynamic database that profiles key epidemiologic findings, and allows the evidence on health effects of exposure to tobacco smoke to be synthesized and updated (following the format of the 2004 report, The Health Consequences of Smoking). The database enables users to explore the data and studies supporting the conclusions in the report. The database is available on the Web site of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) at http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco.
Author: Roger A. Jenkins
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781566705097
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 484
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Book Description
Written by experts in the field, The Chemistry of Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Composition and Measurement, Second Edition compiles data on the properties of Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) and on concentrations of its constituents in indoor air. The authors focus on common natural indoor environments and environments associated with chronic exposure. They stress measurement methods and competing sources of indoor air contaminants commonly attributed to ETS.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 14
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Book Description
Volatile organic compounds (VOC) in office buildings originate from multiple sources, such as outdoor air, building materials, occupants, office supplies, and office equipment. Many of the VOC found in office buildings are also present in environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), e.g., benzene, toluene, formaldehyde. Measurements made to date in Office buildings have been interpreted by some to imply that the contributions to ETS to VOC exposures in office buildings are small. Four different ventilation-infiltration scenarios were modeled for a typical office building. The purpose of this investigation was to provide first-order estimate of the range of contributions of ETS to VOC contributions in office buildings under various ventilation conditions through the use of a mass-balance model and to evaluate the significance of such contributions relative to the VOC concentration measured in office buildings. 25 refs., 1 fig., 4 tabs.
