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Author: Jennifer Clapp
Publisher: Cornell University Press
ISBN: 1501735934
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 195
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Book Description
In recent years, international trade in toxic waste and hazardous technologies by firms in rich industrialized countries has emerged as a routine practice. Many poor countries have accepted these deadly imports but are ill equipped to manage the materials safely. For more than a decade, environmentalists and the governments of developing countries have lobbied intensively and generated public outcry in an attempt to halt hazardous transfers from Northern industrialized nations to the Third World, but the practice continues.In her insightful and important book, Jennifer Clapp addresses this alarming problem. Clapp describes the responses of those engaged in hazard transfer to international regulations, and in particular to the 1989 adoption of the Basel Convention. She pinpoints a key weakness of the regulations—because hazard transfer is dynamic, efforts to stop one form of toxic export prompt new forms to emerge. For instance, laws intended to ban the disposal of toxic wastes in the Third World led corporations to ship these byproducts to poor countries for "recycling." And, Clapp warns, current efforts to prohibit this "recycling movement" may accelerate a new business endeavor: the relocation to poor countries of entire industries that generate toxic wastes.Clapp concludes that the dynamic nature of hazard transfer results from increasingly fluid global trade and investment relations in the context of a highly unequal world, and from the leading role played by multinational corporations and environmental NGOs. Governments, she maintains, have for too long failed to capture the initiative and have instead only reacted to these opposing forces.
Author: Jennifer Clapp
Publisher: Cornell University Press
ISBN: 1501735934
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 195
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Book Description
In recent years, international trade in toxic waste and hazardous technologies by firms in rich industrialized countries has emerged as a routine practice. Many poor countries have accepted these deadly imports but are ill equipped to manage the materials safely. For more than a decade, environmentalists and the governments of developing countries have lobbied intensively and generated public outcry in an attempt to halt hazardous transfers from Northern industrialized nations to the Third World, but the practice continues.In her insightful and important book, Jennifer Clapp addresses this alarming problem. Clapp describes the responses of those engaged in hazard transfer to international regulations, and in particular to the 1989 adoption of the Basel Convention. She pinpoints a key weakness of the regulations—because hazard transfer is dynamic, efforts to stop one form of toxic export prompt new forms to emerge. For instance, laws intended to ban the disposal of toxic wastes in the Third World led corporations to ship these byproducts to poor countries for "recycling." And, Clapp warns, current efforts to prohibit this "recycling movement" may accelerate a new business endeavor: the relocation to poor countries of entire industries that generate toxic wastes.Clapp concludes that the dynamic nature of hazard transfer results from increasingly fluid global trade and investment relations in the context of a highly unequal world, and from the leading role played by multinational corporations and environmental NGOs. Governments, she maintains, have for too long failed to capture the initiative and have instead only reacted to these opposing forces.
Author: Paul E. Rosenfeld
Publisher: William Andrew
ISBN: 1437778437
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 473
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Book Description
Hazardous waste in the environment is one of the most difficult challenges facing our society. The purpose of this book is to provide a background of the many aspects of hazardous waste, from its sources to its consequences, focusing on the risks posed to human health and the environment. It explains the legislation and regulations surrounding hazardous waste; however, the scope of the book is much broader, discussing agents that are released into the environment that might not be classified as hazardous waste under the regulatory system, but nonetheless pose substantial hazards to human health and the environment. It provides a background of some of the major generators of hazardous wastes, explains the pathways by which humans and wildlife are exposed, and includes discussion of the adverse health effects linked to these pollutants. It provides numerous case studies of hazardous waste mismanagement that have led to disastrous consequences, and highlights the deficiencies in science and regulation that have allowed the public to be subjected to myriad potentially hazardous agents. Finally, it provides a discussion of measures that will need to be taken to control society's hazardous waste problem. This book was designed to appeal to a wide range of audiences, including students, professionals, and general readers interested in the topic. - Provides information about sources of and health risks posed by hazardous waste - Explains the legislation and regulations surrounding hazardous waste - Includes numerous case studies of mismanagement, highlights deficiencies in science and regulation and discusses measures to tackle society's hazardous waste problems
Author: Richard P. Pohanish
Publisher: William Andrew
ISBN: 0815519044
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 2888
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Book Description
For more than a quarter century, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens has proven to be among the most reliable, easy-to-use and essential reference works on hazardous materials. Sittig's 5th Edition remains the lone comprehensive work providing a vast array of critical information on the 2,100 most heavily used, transported, and regulated chemical substances of both occupational and environmental concern.Information is the most vital resource anyone can have when dealing with potential hazardous substance accidents or acts of terror. Sittig's provides extensive data for each of the 2,100 chemicals in a uniform format, enabling fast and accurate decisions in any situation. The chemicals are presented alphabetically and classified as a carcinogen, hazardous substance, hazardous waste, or toxic pollutant. This new edition contains extensively expanded information in all 28 fields for each chemical (see table of contents) and has been updated to keep pace with world events. Chemicals classified as WMD have been included in the new edition as has more information frequently queried by first responders and frontline industrial safety personnel.*Includes and references European chemical identifiers and regulations.*The only single source reference that provides such in-depth information for each chemical.*The two volume set is designed for fast and accurate decision making in any situation.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309065445
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 235
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Book Description
The Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) of the State of California Environmental Protection Agency is in the process of complying with the Regulatory Structure Update. The Regulatory Structure Update is a comprehensive review and refocusing of California's system for identifying and regulating management of hazardous wastes. As part of this effort, the DTSC proposes to change its current waste classification system that categorizes wastes as hazardous or nonhazardous based on their toxicity. Under the proposed system there would be two risk-based thresholds rather than the single toxicity threshold currently used to distinguish between the wastes. Wastes that contain specific chemicals at concentrations that exceed the upper threshold will be designated as hazardous; those below the lower threshold will be nonhazardous; and those with chemical concentrations between the two thresholds will be "special" wastes and subject to variances for management and disposal. The proposed DTSC system combines toxicity information with short or long-term exposure information to determine the risks associated with the chemicals. Under section 57004 of the California Health and Safety Code, the scientific basis of the proposed waste classification system is subject to external scientific peer review by the National Academy of Sciences, the University of California, or other similar institution of higher learning or group of scientists. This report addresses that regulatory requirement.
Author: Michael D. LaGrega
Publisher: Waveland Press
ISBN: 1478609346
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1231
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Book Description
Hazardous waste management is a complex, interdisciplinary field that continues to grow and change as global conditions change. Mastering this evolving and multifaceted field of study requires knowledge of the sources and generation of hazardous wastes, the scientific and engineering principles necessary to eliminate the threats they pose to people and the environment, the laws regulating their disposal, and the best or most cost-effective methods for dealing with them. Written for students with some background in engineering, this comprehensive, highly acclaimed text does not only provide detailed instructions on how to solve hazardous waste problems but also guides students to think about ways to approach these problems. Each richly detailed, self-contained chapter ends with a set of discussion topics and problems. Case studies, with equations and design examples, are provided throughout the book to give students the chance to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatment and containment technologies.
Author: Deepak Kumar Yadav
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323859283
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 614
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Book Description
Hazardous Waste Management: An Overview of Advanced and Cost-Effective Solutions includes the latest practical knowledge and theoretical concepts for the treatment of hazardous wastes. The book covers five major themes, namely, ecological impact, waste management hierarchy, hazardous waste characteristics and regulations, hazardous wastes management, and future scope of hazardous waste management. It serves as a comprehensive and advanced reference for undergraduate students, researchers and practitioners in the field of hazardous wastes and focuses on the latest emerging research in the management of hazardous waste, the direction in which this branch is developing as well as future prospects. The book deals with all these components in-depth, however, particular attention is given to management techniques and cost-effective, economically feasible solutions for hazardous wastes released from various sources. - Comprehensively explores the impact of hazardous wastes on human health and ecosystems - Discusses toxicity across solid waste, aquatic food chain and airborne diseases - Categorically elaborates waste treatment and management procedures with current challenges - Discusses future challenges and the importance of renewing technologies
Author: Daniel Mmereki
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535129090
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 94
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Book Description
Rapid global urbanization and increases in living standards in recent decades have led to changes in the household hazardous waste (HHW) generation characteristics due to increases in buying power and easier access to products that are convenient but not always safe. In recent years, the amount of diversified hazardous materials and/or potentially hazardous materials, such as cleaning products, medicines, personal care products, packaging and container products, phthalates, and antibacterial agents, poses a serious threat to the environment and public health. As a result developed countries have adopted well-functioning policy measures and innovative technologies to deal with HHW. On the other hand, developing countries have weak institutional structures and poor policy performance and have adopted ad hoc approaches to manage HHW. The book contains five chapters covering topics of household hazardous waste management and exposure assessment. This book will be useful to many research scientists, solid and hazardous waste managers, administrators, librarians, and students in the scope of development in solid and hazardous waste management program including sources of household hazardous waste, exposure assessment, and government policies on waste generation and treatment and processing of HHW.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309211581
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Book Description
Prudent Practices in the Laboratory-the book that has served for decades as the standard for chemical laboratory safety practice-now features updates and new topics. This revised edition has an expanded chapter on chemical management and delves into new areas, such as nanotechnology, laboratory security, and emergency planning. Developed by experts from academia and industry, with specialties in such areas as chemical sciences, pollution prevention, and laboratory safety, Prudent Practices in the Laboratory provides guidance on planning procedures for the handling, storage, and disposal of chemicals. The book offers prudent practices designed to promote safety and includes practical information on assessing hazards, managing chemicals, disposing of wastes, and more. Prudent Practices in the Laboratory will continue to serve as the leading source of chemical safety guidelines for people working with laboratory chemicals: research chemists, technicians, safety officers, educators, and students.
Author: Cyril Uchenna Gwam
Publisher: AuthorHouse
ISBN: 1452026882
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 254
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Book Description
This book discusses the adverse effects of the illicit movement and dumping of hazardous, toxic, and dangerous wastes and products in developing countries, and the effect of such activities on the enjoyment of human rights, more from the perspective of the resolutions of the former United Nations (UN) Commission on Human Rights (CHR). It is now called Human Rights Council. This study stands for the proposition that the illicit movement and dumping of toxic and dangerous wastes and products adversely affect the environment and human rights to life and health. It illustrates that dumpers are mainly transnational corporations. It demonstrates that, although the international community is aware of the effects of toxic wastes dumping on human rights, there exist certain factors militating against the full implementation of CHR resolutions on toxic wastes. These factors are: the politics of human rights, and the politics of first and second generation rights; the inequity of international legal instruments; the lack of will or commitment of certain states to comply with their international obligations; the attitude of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) towards the Special Rapporteur on Toxic Wastes; the status of international human rights laws; and the legal status of the CHR's resolutions. However, despite the difficulties in implementing the CHR's resolutions, the study supports the proposition that dumpers should be prosecuted for criminal activities in accordance with the state's domestic laws. Victims should be able to receive compensation for physical and emotional injuries, economic loss, and substantial impairment of their fundamental rights resulting from human rights violations. Specifically, developing countries should construct domestic legal system to protect such fundamental rights.
Author: Bill D. Moyers
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780932020956
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 180
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Book Description
Reveals the dangers facing our planet due to the lucrative and scandal-ridden business of trafficking in hazardous waste. Too often, the industrial world's worst poisons end up in countries where regulations are weak and seldom enforced. No country figures more prominently in this trade than the United States, which--as the world's top producer of hazardous waste--generates more than 500 million tons annually. In what amounts to the export of Love Canal, hazardous cargoes from America--used car batteries, dry cleaning fluids, banned pesticides, and the like--find dumpsites in the developing nations.
