Toward New Generation Auditory Brainstem Implants: Electrical and Optogenetic Stimulation of the Cochlear Nucleus PDF Download
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Author: Michaël Charles Chalom Slama
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Auditory brainstem implants (ABIs) help provide some hearing to patients with non-functional auditory nerves or ossified cochleae. ABIs bypass the cochlea and electrically stimulate the surface of the cochlear nucleus (CN). Performance of ABI users in speech reception tasks is usually poor. One of the possible explanations for their limited performance is the poor spatial selectivity of electrical stimulation that limits frequency resolution. In this project, we show that spatial selectivity of electrical stimulation was usually poor in a rat model, as stimulation in one point of the CN surface led to activation of most of the tonotopic axis in the inferior colliculus (IC). These results point to the need for new stimulation strategies to improve frequency representation in the central auditory system of ABI users. An optogenetic approach is promising, as light may be more easily focused than electrical current. To test the feasibility of optogenetic control of the CN, we transfected the CN of mice with AAV2/8-Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). We found a significant increase in activity in IC and primary auditory cortex during blue light stimulation in mice with successful ChR2 expression in the CN. Overall, these results lay the groundwork for a new generation opto-electronic ABI.
Author: Michaël Charles Chalom Slama
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Auditory brainstem implants (ABIs) help provide some hearing to patients with non-functional auditory nerves or ossified cochleae. ABIs bypass the cochlea and electrically stimulate the surface of the cochlear nucleus (CN). Performance of ABI users in speech reception tasks is usually poor. One of the possible explanations for their limited performance is the poor spatial selectivity of electrical stimulation that limits frequency resolution. In this project, we show that spatial selectivity of electrical stimulation was usually poor in a rat model, as stimulation in one point of the CN surface led to activation of most of the tonotopic axis in the inferior colliculus (IC). These results point to the need for new stimulation strategies to improve frequency representation in the central auditory system of ABI users. An optogenetic approach is promising, as light may be more easily focused than electrical current. To test the feasibility of optogenetic control of the CN, we transfected the CN of mice with AAV2/8-Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). We found a significant increase in activity in IC and primary auditory cortex during blue light stimulation in mice with successful ChR2 expression in the CN. Overall, these results lay the groundwork for a new generation opto-electronic ABI.
Author: Rohit Verma
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Aage R. Møller
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 3805581572
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 237
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Book Description
Today cochlear implants are the most successful of all prostheses of the nervous system. They are used in individuals who are deaf or suffer from a severe hearing deficiency caused by loss of cochlear hair cells. Auditory brainstem implants provide stimulation of the cochlear nucleus and are used in patients with an auditory nerve dysfunction, a deformed cochlea which does not allow cochlear implantation, or traumatic auditory nerve injury. In this volume different aspects of cochlear implantation such as the role of neural plasticity, the interaction with the development of the auditory system, and the optimal time of implantation in children (sensitive periods) are discussed in detail. Further, the processors and the algorithms used in modern cochlear implants are described The second part is devoted to auditory brainstem implants. It describes surgical techniques, methods for intraoperative testing as well as speech processing. It also deals with electrical stimulation of neural tissue and the neurophysiologic basis for cochlear and brainstem implants. The publication provides the latest scientific and clinical knowledge on cochlear and brainstem implants and is highly recommended to audiologists, otolaryngologists and also neurosurgeons.
Author: Eric P. Wilkinson
Publisher: Thieme
ISBN: 1638535388
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 562
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Book Description
Unique textbook explores current and future applications of auditory brain implants Research on the auditory brainstem implant (ABI) has evolved from a highly specialized, narrow field to one involving a wide spectrum of disciplines. Neurotologists, audiologists, otolaryngologists, and neurosurgeons are on the front lines of treatment, while many other specialists play active roles. Auditory Brainstem Implants by renowned ABI experts Eric P. Wilkinson and Marc S. Schwartz is the first dedicated book on ABIs published to date. The state-of-the-art monograph brings together a rich array of materials and resources from an impressive group of pioneering clinicians from around the world. The text starts with introductory chapters encompassing the history and development of ABIs; relevant neuroanatomy and physiology; imaging of the cochlea, cochlear nerve, brainstem, and auditory system; and clinical indications for ABIs. Surgical chapters detail translabyrinthine, retrosigmoid, and retrolabyrinthine approaches, pediatric applications, auditory midbrain implants, device-specific engineering, and intraoperative monitoring. Auditory testing, performance variables, and results are also reviewed. The final chapters focus on innovative future directions, such as penetrating multisite microelectrodes and the use of optogenetics. Key Highlights In-depth analyses and overviews enable clinicians from different disciplines to expand their armamentarium and solidify current areas of expertise Unique material on the relevant neuroanatomy of brainstem implants improves understanding of ABI challenges and outcomes Description of ABI results in tone languages demonstrates applications in special populations Pediatric topics including evaluation and surgery and implant outcomes from the Hacettepe University team provide invaluable treatment pearls Insightful perspectives on programming, rehabilitation, and outcome assessment in adults enhance knowledge Trainee and practicing otolaryngologists, neurosurgeons, neurologists, audiologists, and speech pathologists will benefit from reading this comprehensive ABI resource, either cover-to-cover or by consulting specific chapters.
Author: Fan-Gang Zeng
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441994343
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 397
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Book Description
Cochlear implants are currently the standard treatment for profound sensorineural hearing loss. In the last decade, advances in auditory science and technology have not only greatly expanded the utility of electric stimulation to other parts of the auditory nervous system in addition to the cochlea, but have also demonstrated drastic changes in the brain in responses to electric stimulation, including changes in language development and music perception. Volume 20 of SHAR focused on basic science and technology underlying the cochlear implant. However, due to the newness of the ideas and technology, the volume did not cover any emerging applications such as bilateral cochlear implants, combined acoustic-electric stimulation, and other types of auditory prostheses, nor did it review brain plasticity in responses to electric stimulation and its perceptual and language consequences. This proposed volume takes off from Volume 20, and expands the examination of implants into new and highly exciting areas. This edited book starts with an overview and introduction by Dr. Fan-Gang Zeng. Chapters 2-9 cover technological development and the advances in treating the full spectrum of ear disorders in the last ten years. Chapters 10-15 discuss brain responses to electric stimulation and their perceptual impact. This volume is particularly exciting because there have been quantum leap from the traditional technology discussed in Volume 20. Thus, this volume is timely and will be of real importance to the SHAR audience.
Author: Fan-Gang Zeng
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387225854
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 448
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Book Description
Cochlear implants have instigated a popular but controversial revolution in the treatment of deafness. This book discusses the physiological bases of using artificial devices to electrically stimulate the brain to interpret sounds. As the first successful device to restore neural function, the cochlear implant serves as a model for research in neuroscience and biomedical engineering. These and other auditory prostheses are discussed in the context of historical treatments, engineering, psychophysics and clinical issues as well as implications for speech, behavior, cognition and long-term effects on people.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781429468336
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 237
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Book Description
Today cochlear implants are the most successful of all prostheses of the nervous system. They are used in individuals who are deaf or suffer from a severe hearing deficiency caused by loss of cochlear hair cells. Auditory brainstem implants provide stimulation of the cochlear nucleus and are used in patients with an auditory nerve dysfunction, a deformed cochlea which does not allow cochlear implantation, or traumatic auditory nerve injury. In this volume different aspects of cochlear implantation such as the role of neural plasticity, the interaction with the development of the auditory system, and the optimal time of implantation in children (sensitive periods) are discussed in detail. Further, the processors and the algorithms used in modern cochlear implants are described The second part is devoted to auditory brainstem implants. It describes surgical techniques, methods for intraoperative testing as well as speech processing. It also deals with electrical stimulation of neural tissue and the neurophysiologic basis for cochlear and brainstem implants. The publication provides the latest scientific and clinical knowledge on cochlear and brainstem implants and is highly recommended to audiologists, otolaryngologists and also neurosurgeons.
Author: David López de la Morena
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Optogenetic stimulation of the auditory nerve is a promising alternative to restore hearing. Since light can be focused on the target tissue, the optical cochlear implant (oCI) might support a major improvement in frequency resolution compared to current electrical CIs (eCIs). However, the slow kinetics of the first generation of optogenetic actuators hindered controlling the fast-spiking spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) with high temporal fidelity. In this work, I evaluated the ability of two fast-gating opsins (Chronos-ES/TS and f-Chrimson) to improve temporal fidelity of optogenetic stimul...
Author: Michael J. Ruckenstein
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323710573
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
This issue of Otolaryngologic Clinics, guest edited by Drs. Michael Ruckenstein and James G. Naples, is devoted to Cranial Nerve Stimulation in Otolaryngology. Articles in this issue include: History of Cranial Nerurostimulation; Social and Ethical Considerations in Cranial Nerve Implants; Concepts in Neural Stimulation; Central Effects of Cranial Nerve Stimulation; Special Considerations in Patients with Cranial Nerve Implants; CN I- Olfactory Nerve Stimulator; Cochlear Nerve: Cochlear Implant; Cochlear Nerve: Auditory Brainstem Implant; Vestibular Nerve: Vestibular Implant; CN X- Vagal Nerve Stimulator; CN X- Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Stimulator; CN XII- Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulator; and The Future of Cranial Nerve Stimulation.
Author: Thomas Knopfel
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444594264
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 289
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Book Description
Optogenetics is a fast-growing field concerning the invention, and use, of molecules that are genetically expressed in cells, and then either report on cellular physiology in optical form, or enable control of specific pathways in cells when actuated by light. This book reviews the current state, as well as the underlying principles and future directions, of a diversity of optogenetic tools of importance for observing and controlling cellular signaling and physiology. These tools are already revolutionizing neuroscience, and are starting to have impact on fields ranging from metabolism to development to cardiology. The book contains a dozen chapters written by world experts on these topics, half focusing on the optogenetic molecular tools themselves, and half on the genetic and hardware approaches that make them powerfully useful in intact tissues and organisms. Leading authors review the state-of-the-art in their field of investigation and provide their views and perspectives for future research Chapters are extensively referenced to provide readers with a comprehensive list of resources on the topics covered All chapters include comprehensive background information and are written in a clear form that is also accessible to the non-specialist
