Total-cost Accounting of Gasoline and Electric Vehicles PDF Download
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Author: Julie Simon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 172
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Author: Julie Simon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 172
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Author: Naya Pandey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Electric vehicle usage has been increasing for several years now due to the environmental attractiveness compared to conventional gasoline cars. There has been lots of research conducted to show that electric vehicles are better for the environment over their entire lifecycle. However, the big question of cost still remains. Electric vehicles typically have a higher purchase price than equivalent regular cars but other benefits, such as lower fuel cost and maintenance, that conventional cars do not. I conduct a net present value (NPV) analysis and build a cost model that considers multiple factors. To build on this base model, I perform a Monte Carlo simulation using historical gas price data to generate NPV samples for conventional cars that account for price volatility. Then, based on the resulting distribution, I find the threshold value where 95% of the gasoline car samples are more expensive. By comparing this to the NPV of electric vehicles and holding other variables constant, I determine what cost variables can impact the breakeven point between the two types of cars. To model the uncertainty of future prices, I also conduct sensitivity analyses to examine how the economics respond to changes in gas price volatility and EV upfront cost, and the resulting difference in NPVs. I find that in general, the electric vehicle is more favorable with higher gas price volatility and the gasoline car is more favorable with higher EV upfront costs.
Author: Simon Kröger
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3346359115
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 88
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Master's Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject Business economics - Accounting and Taxes, grade: 1,0, University of Mannheim (Chair of Business Administration and Accounting), language: English, abstract: Transportation is the source of 25% of the EU-27 greenhouse gas emissions. Specifically, cars are responsible for around 12% of the EU-27 emissions of carbon. Additionally, emissions from the transport sector have increased continuously since 2014. Therefore, the reduction of emissions from the transport sector is an integral element of the EU climate and energy policy to comply with the Paris Agreement. The electrification of the transport sector offers the opportunity to utilize the increasing share of renewable energy generation. Thus, scholars believe that electric vehicles, such as battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), have the potential to lower emissions and contribute to the transformation of the mobility sector. However, the breakthrough of electric vehicles still faces several barriers. Perhaps the most significant barrier appears to be the public's general consensus that electric drivetrains are more expensive than conventional drives. However, the literature suggests that electric vehicles might already be more cost-efficient than comparable conventional drives. Yet, the cost-benefits are mostly non-transparent to consumers as they put too much weight on the high initial investment costs compared to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) and underestimate the cost savings through lower operating costs. In order to overcome this misjudgment and to help consumers make more profound purchasing decisions, the literature suggests the total cost of ownership (TCO) approach, which includes both investment and operating costs over the ownership period. This study aims to compare the consumer-oriented TCO for different drivetrains of private transport vehicles in Germany. Although the transportation sector emits 19% of Germany’s greenhouse gases, electric vehicles only account for 17% of the newly registered vehicles in the first half of 2020. As a result, the German government approved an increase in subsidies for the purchase of electric vehicles in June 2020 to promote the attractiveness of more environmentally friendly vehicles. Against that background, this study investigates whether conventional drives still exhibit a financial advantage over electric vehicles. For that purpose, this study compares the TCO of BEVs, PHEVs, HEVs, FCEVs as well as petrol and diesel ICEVs.
Author: Chris T. Hendrickson
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136525491
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 274
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Environmental life cycle assessment is often thought of as cradle to grave and therefore as the most complete accounting of the environmental costs and benefits of a product or service. However, as anyone who has done an environmental life cycle assessment knows, existing tools have many problems: data is difficult to assemble and life cycle studies take months of effort. A truly comprehensive analysis is prohibitive, so analysts are often forced to simply ignore many facets of life cycle impacts. But the focus on one aspect of a product or service can result in misleading indications if that aspect is benign while other aspects pollute or are otherwise unsustainable. This book summarizes the EIO-LCA method, explains its use in relation to other life cycle assessment models, and provides sample applications and extensions of the model into novel areas. A final chapter explains the free, easy-to-use software tool available on a companion website. (www.eiolca.net) The software tool provides a wealth of data, summarizing the current U.S. economy in 500 sectors with information on energy and materials use, pollution and greenhouse gas discharges, and other attributes like associated occupational deaths and injuries. The joint project of twelve faculty members and over 20 students working together over the past ten years at the Green Design Institute of Carnegie Mellon University, the EIO-LCA has been applied to a wide range of products and services. It will prove useful for research, industry, and in economics, engineering, or interdisciplinary classes in green design.
Author: Stephen P. Holland
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Electric vehicles have a unique potential to transform personal transportation. We analyze the transition to electric vehicles with a dynamic model that captures the falling costs of producing electric vehicles, the decreasing pollution from electricity generation, the increasing substitutability of electric for gasoline vehicles, and the durability of the vehicle stock. Due to the external costs from pollution, inefficiencies under business as usual result from the mix of vehicles as well as the transition timing, the severity of which depends on substitutability. We calibrate the model to the US market and find the magnitude of the inefficiency is rather modest: less than 5 percent of total external costs. The optimal purchase subsidy for electric vehicles and the optimal ban on the production of gasoline vehicles both give about the same efficiency improvement, but the latter leads to a sharp increase in gasoline vehicle production just before the ban. Phasing out gasoline vehicles with a bankable production quota reduces deadweight loss substantially more than the other policies, but may lead to a very large deadweight loss if set incorrectly.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309373913
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 812
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The light-duty vehicle fleet is expected to undergo substantial technological changes over the next several decades. New powertrain designs, alternative fuels, advanced materials and significant changes to the vehicle body are being driven by increasingly stringent fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards. By the end of the next decade, cars and light-duty trucks will be more fuel efficient, weigh less, emit less air pollutants, have more safety features, and will be more expensive to purchase relative to current vehicles. Though the gasoline-powered spark ignition engine will continue to be the dominant powertrain configuration even through 2030, such vehicles will be equipped with advanced technologies, materials, electronics and controls, and aerodynamics. And by 2030, the deployment of alternative methods to propel and fuel vehicles and alternative modes of transportation, including autonomous vehicles, will be well underway. What are these new technologies - how will they work, and will some technologies be more effective than others? Written to inform The United States Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission standards, this new report from the National Research Council is a technical evaluation of costs, benefits, and implementation issues of fuel reduction technologies for next-generation light-duty vehicles. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles estimates the cost, potential efficiency improvements, and barriers to commercial deployment of technologies that might be employed from 2020 to 2030. This report describes these promising technologies and makes recommendations for their inclusion on the list of technologies applicable for the 2017-2025 CAFE standards.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electrical engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 570
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Author: American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Accounting
Languages : en
Pages : 814
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Author: William Eward Cox
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cost accounting
Languages : en
Pages : 68
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Author:
Publisher: Organization for Economic Co-Operation & Development
ISBN: 9789264210424
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Outdoor air pollution kills more than 3 million people across the world every year, and causes health problems from asthma to heart disease for many more. This is costing societies very large amounts in terms of the value of lives lost and ill health. Based on extensive new epidemiological evidence since the 2010 Global Burden of Disease study, and OECD estimates of the Value of Statistical Life, this report provides evidence on the health impacts from air pollution and the related economic costs.
