Tissue-specific Pathologies Induced by Two RNA Viruses in Drosophila Melanogaster PDF Download
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Author: Stanislava Chtarbanova
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
Insects are exposed in their environement to many viruses, and these infections can have a significant economic or medical impact. At present, little is known about the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in susceptibility to viral infections. We used the model organism Drosophila melanogaster to study the pathology induced by two RNA viruses: the Drosophila C virus (DCV) and the Flock House Virus (FHV).We compared the transcriptome of DCV and FHV-infected flies by using genome-wide microarrays. DCV infection leads to the strong repression of several hundred of genes, mainly expressed in the midgut of the fly. Many genes repressed by the DCV are also repressed under conditions of starvation, suggesting that infected flies stop feeding. However, DCV-infected flies continue to feed and gain weight until their death. This is due to decreased excretion, associated with an intestinal obstruction in the anterior midgut of the fly that probably occurs at the level of the cardia. The pathology induced by DCV results from the presence of the virus in a particular tissue, rather than from the adverse effect of the host's immune response. On the other hand, we identified the gene dSUR, which encode the subunit of an ATP-dependent potassium channel (KATP). dSUR is expressed in the Drosophila heart and mutants for this gene are more sensitive to FHV and contain higher viral loads than controls. We showed that FHV is cardiotropic virus and that the cardiac KATP activity is related to the major antiviral mechanism RNA interference. Our work shows that DCV and FHV, which appear very similar at first sight, induce very different, organ-specific pathologies in Drosophila.
Author: Stanislava Chtarbanova
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
Insects are exposed in their environement to many viruses, and these infections can have a significant economic or medical impact. At present, little is known about the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in susceptibility to viral infections. We used the model organism Drosophila melanogaster to study the pathology induced by two RNA viruses: the Drosophila C virus (DCV) and the Flock House Virus (FHV).We compared the transcriptome of DCV and FHV-infected flies by using genome-wide microarrays. DCV infection leads to the strong repression of several hundred of genes, mainly expressed in the midgut of the fly. Many genes repressed by the DCV are also repressed under conditions of starvation, suggesting that infected flies stop feeding. However, DCV-infected flies continue to feed and gain weight until their death. This is due to decreased excretion, associated with an intestinal obstruction in the anterior midgut of the fly that probably occurs at the level of the cardia. The pathology induced by DCV results from the presence of the virus in a particular tissue, rather than from the adverse effect of the host's immune response. On the other hand, we identified the gene dSUR, which encode the subunit of an ATP-dependent potassium channel (KATP). dSUR is expressed in the Drosophila heart and mutants for this gene are more sensitive to FHV and contain higher viral loads than controls. We showed that FHV is cardiotropic virus and that the cardiac KATP activity is related to the major antiviral mechanism RNA interference. Our work shows that DCV and FHV, which appear very similar at first sight, induce very different, organ-specific pathologies in Drosophila.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Oncogenic viruses
Languages : en
Pages : 1254
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Book Description
Author: Farzana Khan Perveen
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535138537
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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Book Description
This book contains 12 chapters divided into two sections. Section 1 is "Drosophila - Model for Genetics." It covers introduction, chromosomal polymorphism, polytene chromosomes, chromosomal inversion, chromosomal evolution, cell cycle regulators in meiosis and nongenetic transgenerational inheritance in Drosophila. It also includes ecological genetics, wild-type strains, morphometric analysis, cytostatics, frequencies of early and late embryonic lethals (EEL and LEL) and mosaic imaginal discs of Drosophila for genetic analysis in biomedical research. Section 2 is "Drosophila - Model for Therapeutics." It explains Drosophila as model for human diseases, neurodegeneration, heart-kidney metabolic disorders, cancer, pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease, dopamine, neuroprotective therapeutics, mitochondrial dysfunction and translational research. It also covers Drosophila role in ubiquitin-carboxyl-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) protein, eye development, anti-dUCH antibody, neuropathy target esterase (NTE), organophosphorous compound-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) and hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). It also includes substrate specificities, kinetic parameters of recombinant glutathione S-transferases E6 and E7 (DmGSTE6 and DmGSTE7), detoxification and insecticidal resistance and antiviral immunity in Drosophila.
Author: Lingling Jin
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031062205
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 19th Annual RECOMB Satellite Workshop on Comparative Genomics, RECOMB-CG which took place in La Jolla, USA, during May 20-21, 2022. The 18 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 28 submissions. The papers were organized in topical sections on evolution; phylogenetics; homology and reconciliation; genome rearrangements; metagenomics; and genomic sequencing.
Author: Morris Pollard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
Author: Eva Tvrdá
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1838800115
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
Thanks to animal models, our knowledge of biology and medicine has increased enormously over the past decades, leading to significant breakthroughs that have had a direct impact on the prevention, management and treatment of a wide array of diseases.This book presents a comprehensive reference that reflects the latest scientific research being done in a variety of medical and biological fields utilizing animal models. Chapters on Drosophila, rat, pig, rabbit, and other animal models reflect frontier research in neurology, psychiatry, cardiology, musculoskeletal disorders, reproduction, chronic diseases, epidemiology, and pain and inflammation management. Animal Models in Medicine and Biology offers scientists, clinicians, researchers and students invaluable insights into a wide range of issues at the forefront of medical and biological progress.
Author: National Cancer Institute (U.S.). Program Analysis and Communication Section. Information Unit
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Oncogenic viruses
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309070864
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 348
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Book Description
Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment reviews advances made during the last 10-15 years in fields such as developmental biology, molecular biology, and genetics. It describes a novel approach for how these advances might be used in combination with existing methodologies to further the understanding of mechanisms of developmental toxicity, to improve the assessment of chemicals for their ability to cause developmental toxicity, and to improve risk assessment for developmental defects. For example, based on the recent advances, even the smallest, simplest laboratory animals such as the fruit fly, roundworm, and zebrafish might be able to serve as developmental toxicological models for human biological systems. Use of such organisms might allow for rapid and inexpensive testing of large numbers of chemicals for their potential to cause developmental toxicity; presently, there are little or no developmental toxicity data available for the majority of natural and manufactured chemicals in use. This new approach to developmental toxicology and risk assessment will require simultaneous research on several fronts by experts from multiple scientific disciplines, including developmental toxicologists, developmental biologists, geneticists, epidemiologists, and biostatisticians.
Author: Masamitsu Yamaguchi
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811305293
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 314
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Book Description
Most biological pathways, physical and neurological properties are highly conserved between humans and Drosophila and nearly 75% of human disease-causing genes have a functional homologue in Drosophila. This volume provides recent advances in Drosophila models for various human diseases, with each chapter providing a review of studies involving Drosophila models, as well as detailed protocols commonly used in laboratories. Starting with a review of Drosophila’s value as a highly tractable model organism for studying human diseases, subsequent chapters present Drosophila models for specific human diseases. The book provides a useful resource for all scientists who are starting to use the Drosophila model in their studies, and for researchers working in the pharmaceutical industry and using new screening models to develop new medicines for various diseases.
Author: National Cancer Institute (U.S.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 114
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Book Description
