Three Essays on the Economics of Household Behaviour in Developing Countries PDF Download
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Author: Ramesh Subramaniam
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780315982178
Category : Consumer behavior
Languages : en
Pages : 235
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Author: Ramesh Subramaniam
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780315982178
Category : Consumer behavior
Languages : en
Pages : 235
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Book Description
Author: Yu-hsuan Su
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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This dissertation consists of three essays in development economics. I explore various household behaviors in developing economies, using India and Tanzania as examples. The first two chapters focus on urban slums to capture the inequality within cities and to evaluate the impact of an intervention during urbanization. The third chapter investigates the influence of an inheritance law reform on child labor. The first chapter, which is a joint work with Claus Portner, examines the differences in child health across rural, urban non-slum and slum areas. The developing world is rapidly becoming more and more urban, but our understanding of the differences between urban and rural areas is still limited, especially in the important area of child health and its determinants. Simple averages show clearly that child health in India is worst in rural areas and best in urban areas---with slums in between---but it is unclear exactly what accounts for these differences. We examine the determinants of these differences and to what extent the same mechanisms affect child health in different areas using the 2005-06 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) data from India. Once we control for environmental conditions and wealth status, the urban advantage in child health disappears and slum children fare substantially worse than their rural counterparts. We also examine the impact of maternal education on child health across rural, urban, and slum areas and find that the positive effect of mother's education on child health is significantly stronger in rural areas than in cities and almost entirely absent in slums. Potential explanations for these results, such as school quality and migration, are explored, but these are unlikely to fully explain the differences in health. The second chapter, which is a joint work with Aidan Coville, evaluates the impact of a slum upgrading project in Tanzania. Developing countries spend significant amounts of their budgets annually on slum upgrading activities, with the broad objectives of alleviating poverty, improving health and well-being and strengthening the social fabric within these communities in a holistic and integrated manner. Rigorous evidence on the impact of these programs is sparse. Isolating the causal impact of these interventions presents a challenge, since the outcomes of interest are often correlated with the site selection for upgrading, and randomized controlled trials are not usually feasible for practical implementation reasons. While rigorous research is beginning to emerge on the effects of slum upgrading on diarrhea, acute respiratory illness (ARI) and the crowding out of private investments, very little is known about the broader impacts of the upgrading process that serve to motivate these interventions in the first place. This paper evaluates the Community Infrastructure Upgrading Program (CIUP) financed by the World Bank with the aim of improving the lives of slum dwellers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania through targeted investments in community infrastructure such as roads, drainage systems and streetlights. We find that the CIUP interventions increased household sizes and decreased out-migration, halved diarrhea rates for children under 5, and increased female school enrollment rates, but did not have significant impacts on employment, business operations, income and expenditure, private investment or social cohesion. We review possible confounding factors that influence the reliability of these estimates and present the results in light of these methodological constraints. The third chapter examines the relationship between female autonomy and child labor in India. Many children in developing countries are engaged in various forms of child labor. It is important to understand the determinants of child labor and to evaluate its welfare implications. Intra-household bargaining has been considered an important factor in household decision-making for investment in children. This paper uses the Hindu Succession Act Amendment (HSAA) in India as a source of exogenous variation in woman's bargaining power and information from the 2005-06 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) to study the effect on child labor. I find that the increase in mothers' bargaining power is associated with a lower probability of child labor, and this negative impact is especially strong for teenage daughters. A daughter of 12 to 14 years old is less likely to be working by 30 percentage points and is less likely to do family work by 20.6 percentage points if her mother is exposed to the HSAA. The HSAA also shows differential impact on families with different sizes and wealth status.
Author: Vipul Bhatt
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 95
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Abstract: My research emphasizes the role of interrelated preferences in determining economic choices within a household. In this regard, I study both intergenerational interactions (between parents and children) and intragenerational interactions (between spouses). These linkages have important implications on individual economic behavior such as savings, labor supply, investment in human capital, and bequests which in turn affects aggregate savings and growth.
Author: Firman Witoelar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Essays
Languages : en
Pages : 410
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Author: Tu Chi Nguyen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 154
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Author: Xiaodi Xie
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Child rearing
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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![Three Essays on Empirical Household Behaviour [microform] PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/0AHNygAACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Xiaodi Xie
Publisher: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada
ISBN: 9780612058781
Category : Child rearing
Languages : en
Pages : 211
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Author: Barnali Basak
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Setou Mamadou Diarra
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 107
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In this thesis, I investigate factors that undermine children's life chances in developing countries, with a particular focus on sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries . Three essays comprise this thesis. The first two (Chapters 1 and 2) focus on the life chances of adolescent girls in relation to the issue of child marriage, while the third essay (Chapter 3) focuses on child poverty, in relation to the issue of concordance/discordance between monetary and multidimensional measures of this phenomenon. Child marriage is found in almost all regions of the world, but SSA gets the brunt of it, as it is home to 8 of the 10 countries worldwide reporting the highest prevalence rates of this phenomenon. In 2010, 34% (about 67 million) of young women aged 20-24 globally were married before their eighteenth birthday and about 12% were married by age 15. The United Nation Population Fund (UNFPA) estimates that if present trends continue, 142 million girls will be married before age 18 in the next decade (UNFPA, 2012). Child marriage has been shown to hamper developing countries girls' life chances both directly and indirectly (UNFPA, 2012). Where it exists as a mass phenomenon, it reflects gendered norms that shape adolescent girls' lives through constrained choices and capabilities relative to boys, including a higher care work burden for girls, restricted access to education, limited mobility; limited authority in the family for wives ( particularly over sexuality and fertility decisions). Combating child marriage in SSA and elsewhere may thus yield significant positive spillovers for the achievement of the 2030 United Nation's Agenda for Sustainable Development. The existing child marriage literature highlights the joint role played by supply-side factors - i.e., why parents marry off their underage daughters- and demand-side factors- i.e., why men enter into marital relationships with underage girls- in driving the prevalence rates of child marriage in the developing world. To turn this empirical finding into effective policy action, however, a quantitative assessment of the relative strength of both demandside and supply-side factors in explaining these high prevalence rates is of paramount importance. The first essay of my thesis aims to fill this knowledge gap by measuring the quantitative importance of the intrinsic value Niger's men attach to having child brides. The second essay follows up on the first, by developing a demand-side model of child marriage with empirical application to Nigeria, to explain why a large proportion of men in developing countries marry underage girls. The third essay explores both theoretically and empirically the causes of the observed mismatch between monetary and multidimensional child poverty. Like the first two essays, it is empirically grounded in the experiences of SSA countries, with a practical application to Tanzania. This essay theoretically links child outcomes, such as nutritional status and schooling achievements to parental and household characteristics including household income and parental education. The model used to formalize this link predicts that parental education influences the level of the mismatch between monetary and multidimensional child poverty. Empirical evidence drawn from Tanzania NPS data is consistent with this prediction. In particular, results show that parental education is a negative predictor of the probability that a monetarily non-poor child suffers some basic deprivations, and a positive predictor of the likelihood that a monetarily poor child suffers no basic deprivations. Overall, these three essays contribute to advancing our knowledge of factors that constraint children's life chances in SSA. In particular, my thesis suggests that policy interventions that ignores the extent and causes of local resistance to the implementation of child marriage prevention programs may face uncertain results (Essay 1 and Essay 2). It also highlights another channel through which parental education can play an important role in the improvement of children's life chances in developing countries (Essay 3).
Author: Alexandre Fon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 151
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This dissertation contains three essays in applied microeconomics, with a focus on household decision-making.In the first chapter, I study the effect of asymmetric information about income on household decisions, resource sharing, and welfare. I proceed in four steps. In the first step, I develop a theoretical model that accounts for the possible existence of asymmetric information. The model predicts that households will partly mitigate the welfare cost of asymmetric information by incentivizing the wage earner to provide information about his or her true income. These incentives are provided by making the consumption share increase with reported income: the wage earner's consumption share is high when reporting a high income and low when reporting a low income. Second, I derive a new non-parametric identification result for this model. Third, I estimate the model using a survey of Bangladeshi day laborers. The estimation confirms the predictions of the model, providing evidence that the households in the data are affected by asymmetric information. Finally, I conduct three counterfactual analyses to document how asymmetric information interacts with policies and compute the willingness to pay in each case. In the second chapter, which is co-authored with Maria Casanova and Maurizio Mazzocco, we show that the intratemporal and intertemporal preferences of each decision-maker in the household can be identified even if individual consumption is not observed. This identification result is used jointly with the Consumer Expenditure Survey (CEX) to estimate the intratemporal and intertemporal features of individual preferences. The empirical findings indicate that there is heterogeneity in intertemporal preferences between wife and husband. In the third chapter, I use a major reform of the parental leave system in Quebec in 2006 to analyze how households make decisions related to parental leave. I show that the introduction of a father's quota - a policy designed to incentivize fathers to take parental leave - was successful in more than doubling the proportion of fathers taking some parental leave. However, the impact on the intensive margin was limited: in 80% of households, mothers take all the leave that is available to both parents. I also use an administrative dataset to analyze the relationship between parental leave decisions and income. In general, households with higher labor income take more parental leave overall (summing the mother's and the father's weeks). However, fathers with higher labor income take less parental leave.
