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Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1428903607
Category : Soil pollution
Languages : en
Pages : 246
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Book Description
This report provides an engineering analysis of, and status report on, selected enhancements for soil vapor extraction (SVE) treatment technologies. The report is intended to assist project managers considering an SVE treatment system by providing them with an up-to-date status of enhancement technologies; an evaluation of each technology's applicability to various site conditions; a presentation of cost and performance information; a list of vendors specializing in the technologies; a discussion of relative strengths and limitations of the technologies; recommendations to keep in mind when considering the enhancements; and a compilation of references. The performance of an SVE system depends on properties of both the contaminants and the soil. SVE is generally applicable to compounds with a vapor pressure of greater than 1 millimeter of mercury at 20EC and a Henry s Law constant of greater than 100 atmospheres per mole fraction. SVE is most effective at sites with relatively permeable contaminated soil and with saturated hydraulic conductivities of greater than 1 x 10 or 1 x 10 centimeter per second (cm/s). SVE by itself does not effectively remove contaminants -3 -2 in saturated soil. However, SVE can be used as an integral part of some treatment schemes that treat both groundwater and the overlying vadose zone. Enhancement technologies should be considered when contaminant or soil characteristics limit the effectiveness of SVE or when contaminants are present in saturated soil. The five enhancement technologies covered in this report are as follows and are described in the following subsections: * Air Sparging * Dual-phase Extraction * Directional Drilling * Pneumatic and Hydraulic Fracturing * Thermal Enhancement.
Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1428903607
Category : Soil pollution
Languages : en
Pages : 246
Get Book Here
Book Description
This report provides an engineering analysis of, and status report on, selected enhancements for soil vapor extraction (SVE) treatment technologies. The report is intended to assist project managers considering an SVE treatment system by providing them with an up-to-date status of enhancement technologies; an evaluation of each technology's applicability to various site conditions; a presentation of cost and performance information; a list of vendors specializing in the technologies; a discussion of relative strengths and limitations of the technologies; recommendations to keep in mind when considering the enhancements; and a compilation of references. The performance of an SVE system depends on properties of both the contaminants and the soil. SVE is generally applicable to compounds with a vapor pressure of greater than 1 millimeter of mercury at 20EC and a Henry s Law constant of greater than 100 atmospheres per mole fraction. SVE is most effective at sites with relatively permeable contaminated soil and with saturated hydraulic conductivities of greater than 1 x 10 or 1 x 10 centimeter per second (cm/s). SVE by itself does not effectively remove contaminants -3 -2 in saturated soil. However, SVE can be used as an integral part of some treatment schemes that treat both groundwater and the overlying vadose zone. Enhancement technologies should be considered when contaminant or soil characteristics limit the effectiveness of SVE or when contaminants are present in saturated soil. The five enhancement technologies covered in this report are as follows and are described in the following subsections: * Air Sparging * Dual-phase Extraction * Directional Drilling * Pneumatic and Hydraulic Fracturing * Thermal Enhancement.
Author: Vincenzo Bianco
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482254026
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 473
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Book Description
Nanofluids are gaining the attention of scientists and researchers around the world. This new category of heat transfer medium improves the thermal conductivity of fluid by suspending small solid particles within it and offers the possibility of increased heat transfer in a variety of applications. Bringing together expert contributions from
Author: Karl J. Puttlitz
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461513898
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1250
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Book Description
Microelectronic packaging has been recognized as an important "enabler" for the solid state revolution in electronics which we have witnessed in the last third of the twentieth century. Packaging has provided the necessary external wiring and interconnection capability for transistors and integrated circuits while they have gone through their own spectacular revolution from discrete device to gigascale integration. At IBM we are proud to have created the initial, simple concept of flip chip with solder bump connections at a time when a better way was needed to boost the reliability and improve the manufacturability of semiconductors. The basic design which was chosen for SLT (Solid Logic Technology) in the 1960s was easily extended to integrated circuits in the '70s and VLSI in the '80s and '90s. Three I/O bumps have grown to 3000 with even more anticipated for the future. The package families have evolved from thick-film (SLT) to thin-film (metallized ceramic) to co-fired multi-layer ceramic. A later family or ceramics with matching expansivity to sili con and copper internal wiring was developed as a predecessor of the chip interconnection revolution in copper, multilevel, submicron wiring. Powerful server packages have been de veloped in which the combined chip and package copper wiring exceeds a kilometer. All of this was achieved with the constant objective of minimizing circuit delays through short, efficient interconnects.
Author: Henning Carstens
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319940090
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 103
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Book Description
This thesis discusses the power scaling of ultrashort pulses in enhancement cavities, utilized in particular for frequency conversion processes, such as Thomson scattering and high-harmonic generation. Using custom optics for ultrashort-pulse enhancement cavities, it demonstrates for the first time that at the envisaged power levels, the mitigation of thermal effects becomes indispensable even in cavities comprising solely reflective optics. It also studies cavities with large beams, albeit with low misalignment sensitivity, as a way to circumvent intensity-induced mirror damage. Average powers of several hundred kilowatts are demonstrated, which benefit hard x-ray sources based on Thomson scattering. Furthermore, pulses as short as 30 fs were obtained at more than 10 kW of average power and employed for high-harmonic generation with photon energies exceeding 100 eV at 250 MHz repetition rate, paving the way for frequency comb spectroscopy in this spectral region.
Author: United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Brownfields
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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Book Description
Author: Mohsen Sheikholeslami
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119791189
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 452
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Book Description
Nanotechnology Applications for Solar Energy Systems Understand the latest developments in solar nanotechnology with this comprehensive guide Solar energy has never seemed a more critical component of humanity’s future. As global researchers and industries work to develop sustainable technologies and energy sources worldwide, the need to increase efficiency and decrease costs becomes paramount. Nanotechnology has the potential to play a considerable role in meeting these challenges, leading to the development of solar energy systems that overcome the limitations of existing technologies. Nanotechnology Applications for Solar Energy Systems is a comprehensive guide to the latest technological advancements and applications of nanotechnology in the field of solar energy. It analyzes nanotechnology applications across a full range of solar energy systems, reviewing feasible technological advancements for enhanced performance of solar energy devices, and discussing emerging nanomaterials such as graphene and graphene derivatives. Nanotechnology Applications for Solar Energy Systems readers will also find: Detailed treatment of nanotechnology applications in systems including solar concentrating collectors, linear Fresnel reflectors, parabolic trough collectors, and more Coverage of methods to enhance the performance of solar energy devices including solar ponds and solar steam generators A comprehensive review of nanomaterials classification and the properties of nanomaterials in heat transfer and efficiency enhancement Nanotechnology Applications for Solar Energy Systems is critical for researchers in fields related to solar energy, engineers and industry professionals developing solar technology, and academics working in related fields such as chemistry, physics, materials science, and electrical engineering.
Author: Helmut Kobus
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642457509
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 366
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Book Description
The complex topic of in-situ subsurface remediation technologies has been ad dressed at an international symposium at the Universitat Stuttgart on September 26 and 27, 1995, on the occasion of the inauguration of the research facility VEGAS (Versuchseinrichtung zur Grundwasser- und Altlastensanierung). The results are contained in this book with 22 contributions from leading experts in the field from Europe and North America. The book illustrates the role of large-scale experiments in groundwater and subsurface remediation research. The subtopics address the various links between conventional laboratory experiments, technology-scale experiments and field-site studies, showing the contribution of large-scale experiments to bridging the gap between small-scale investigations and large-scale field investigations (upscaling). The interdisciplinary nature of the problems requires a multidisciplinary approach. Therefore, the idea has been followed to bring together the various disciplines in volved in the different aspects and facets of subsurface flow, transport and trans as hydraulics and hydrology, physics, formation, involving such diverse disciplines chemistry, microbiology, geology, industrial, chemical and hydraulic engineering, mathematics and hydroinformatics. The individual contributions from these di versified fields address the subject from different angles in an attempt to form a coherent picture of the various aspects of the complex problems of subsurface remediation. The focus is on research approaches and strategies with respect to the development of new and improved technologies and to the role of large-scale experiments in research and application.
Author: Chunlong Zhang
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119393159
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 514
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Book Description
An introduction to the principles and practices of soil and groundwater remediation Soil and Groundwater Remediation offers a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the principles, practices, and concepts of sustainability of soil and groundwater remediation. The book starts with an overview of the importance of groundwater resource/quality, contaminant sources/types, and the scope of soil and groundwater remediation. It then provides the essential components of soil and groundwater remediation with easy-to-understand design equations/calculations and the practical applications. The book contains information on remediation basics such as subsurface chemical behaviors, soil and groundwater hydrology and characterization, regulations, cost analysis, and risk assessment. The author explores various conventional and innovative remediation technologies, including pump-and-treat, soil vapor extraction, bioremediation, incineration, thermally enhanced techniques, soil washing/flushing, and permeable reactive barriers. The book also examines the modeling of groundwater flow and contaminant transport in saturated and unsaturated zones. This important book: Presents the current challenges of remediation practices Includes up-to-date information about the low-cost, risk-based, sustainable remediation practices, as well as institutional control and management Offers a balanced mix of the principles, practices, and sustainable concepts in soil and groundwater remediation Contains learning objectives, discussions of key theories, and example problems Provides illustrative case studies and recent research when remediation techniques are introduced Written for undergraduate seniors and graduate students in natural resource, earth science, environmental science/engineering, and environmental management, Soil and Groundwater Remediation is an authoritative guide to the principles and components of soil and groundwater remediation that is filled with worked and practice problems.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobile repair shops
Languages : en
Pages : 68
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Book Description
Author: United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Environmental protection
Languages : en
Pages : 896
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Book Description
