Thermal Diffusion in Binary Surfactant Systems and Microemulsions PDF Download
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Author: Bastian Arlt
Publisher: Forschungszentrum Jülich
ISBN: 3893368191
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 217
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Author: Bastian Arlt
Publisher: Forschungszentrum Jülich
ISBN: 3893368191
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 217
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Author: Nadja Wulff
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN: 373694909X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 167
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In organic chemistry the simultaneous solubility of hydrophobic and hydrophilic reactants in a common solvent is an ubiquitous problem. Often either an expensive or a toxic solvent is needed. Alternatively, polar and non polar components are mixed into macroemulsions permitting them to react across the internal interface. However, macroemulsions display a comparatively small interfacial area. Thus, the reaction rate is low. Microemulsions feature an inherent vast interfacial area which facilitates significantly higher reaction rates. Furthermore, they allow a rather simple monitoring of the reaction kinetics by observing changes in the phase behavior. In this work the advantages of microemulsions as efficient reaction media for the photochemically induced Paternò Büchi reaction of pyruvic acid and 1 octene are elucidated. The amphiphilic reaction product 3 hexyl 2 methyloxetane 2 carboxylic acid influences the phase behavior of the microemulsion system significantly. With increasing UV exposure time the point of highest efficiency was shifted to lower temperatures and, interestingly, an increase of efficiency was detected. Hence, the newly created amphiphile acts as an efficient, hydrophobic cosurfactant. Additionally, with small angle neutron scattering and freeze fracture electron microscopy it was shown that the bicontinuous microstructure survives the UV irradiation. Another route towards green organic chemistry was opened by characterization of two new sustainable biosurfactants (mannosylerythritollipids (MEL) and cellobioselipids (CL)) in microemulsions.
Author: Dzmitry Afanasenkau
Publisher: Forschungszentrum Jülich
ISBN: 3893368639
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 153
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Author: Irina Kärkkänen
Publisher: Forschungszentrum Jülich
ISBN: 3893369716
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 151
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Author: Alexander Nichau
Publisher: Forschungszentrum Jülich
ISBN: 3893368981
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 199
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Author: Felix Gunkel
Publisher: Forschungszentrum Jülich
ISBN: 3893369023
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 181
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Author: Anja Herpers
Publisher: Forschungszentrum Jülich
ISBN: 3893369481
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 183
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Author: Eylem Durgun Özben
Publisher: Forschungszentrum Jülich
ISBN: 3893369414
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 123
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Author: Dieter Weber
Publisher: Forschungszentrum Jülich
ISBN: 3893369503
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 141
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Ionic transport in nanostructures at high eld strength has recently gained attention, because novel types of computer memory with potentially superior properties rely on such phenomena. The applied voltages are only moderate, but they drop over the distance of a few nanometers and lead to extreme eld strengths in the MV/cm region. Such strong elds contributes signi cantly to the activation energy for ionic jump processes. This leads to an exponential increase of transport speed with voltage. Conventional high-temperature ionic conduction, in contrast, only relies on thermal activation for such jumps. In this thesis, the transport of minute amounts of oxygen through a thin dielectric layer sandwiched between two thin conducting oxide electrodes was detected semiquantitatively by measuring the conductance change of the electrodes after applying a current through the dielectric layer. The relative conductance change G=G as a function of current I and duration t follows over several orders of magnitude a simple, empirical law of the form G=G = CIAtB with t parameters C, A and B; A;B 2 [0; 1]. This empirical law can be linked to a predicted exponential increase of the transport speed with voltage at high eld strength. The behavior in the time domain can be explained with a spectrum of relaxation processes, similar to the relaxation of dielectrics. The in uence of temperature on the transport is strong, but still much lower than expected. This contradicts a commonly used law for high- eld ionic transport. The di erent oxide layers are epitaxial with thicknesses between 5 and 70 nm. First large-scale test samples were fabricated using shadow masks. The general behavior of such devices was studied extensively. In an attempt to achieve quantitative results with defect-free, miniaturized devices, a lithographic manufacturing process that uses repeated steps of epitaxial deposition and structuring of the layers was developed. It employs newly developed and optimized wet chemical etching processes for the conducting electrodes. First high-quality devices could be manufactured with this process and con rmed that such devices su er less from parasitic e ects. The lithographically structured samples were made from di erent materials. The results from the rst test samples and the lithographically structured samples are therefore not directly comparable. They do exhibit however in principle the same behavior. Further investigation of such lithographically structured samples appears promising
Author: Alexandre Kisner
Publisher: Forschungszentrum Jülich
ISBN: 3893368248
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 193
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