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Author: Donald F. Kendrick
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1317767748
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 280
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Book Description
First published in 1986. This book is concerned with the transition of animal learning from a strict stimulus-response (S-R) approach to a more cognitive approach. In response to noted past research that was guided by some perspective or theoretical framework based partly on a combination of research results and individual opinions about what animals can do. This volume was thus conceived as a collection of chapters in which animal memory researchers could publicly state their opinions about animal memory, with little concern for substantiating them with test data. This volume is organized in three main sections of three chapters each. The first section, The Grand Approach, is a collection of chapters with a meta-theoretical perspective. The second section, Memory Processes, presents three chapters concerned with the processes, properties, and mechanisms of short-term memory in animals. The third section, Theoretical Issues, presents two highly developed theories of animal memory, one based on pigeon short-term memory experiments and one based on delayed alternation in the rat
Author: Donald F. Kendrick
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1317767748
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 280
Get Book Here
Book Description
First published in 1986. This book is concerned with the transition of animal learning from a strict stimulus-response (S-R) approach to a more cognitive approach. In response to noted past research that was guided by some perspective or theoretical framework based partly on a combination of research results and individual opinions about what animals can do. This volume was thus conceived as a collection of chapters in which animal memory researchers could publicly state their opinions about animal memory, with little concern for substantiating them with test data. This volume is organized in three main sections of three chapters each. The first section, The Grand Approach, is a collection of chapters with a meta-theoretical perspective. The second section, Memory Processes, presents three chapters concerned with the processes, properties, and mechanisms of short-term memory in animals. The third section, Theoretical Issues, presents two highly developed theories of animal memory, one based on pigeon short-term memory experiments and one based on delayed alternation in the rat
Author: Marc Bekoff
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262523226
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 508
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Book Description
The fifty-seven original essays in this book provide a comprehensive overview of the interdisciplinary field of animal cognition. The contributors include cognitive ethologists, behavioral ecologists, experimental and developmental psychologists, behaviorists, philosophers, neuroscientists, computer scientists and modelers, field biologists, and others. The diversity of approaches is both philosophical and methodological, with contributors demonstrating various degrees of acceptance or disdain for such terms as "consciousness" and varying degrees of concern for laboratory experimentation versus naturalistic research. In addition to primates, particularly the nonhuman great apes, the animals discussed include antelopes, bees, dogs, dolphins, earthworms, fish, hyenas, parrots, prairie dogs, rats, ravens, sea lions, snakes, spiders, and squirrels. The topics include (but are not limited to) definitions of cognition, the role of anecdotes in the study of animal cognition, anthropomorphism, attention, perception, learning, memory, thinking, consciousness, intentionality, communication, planning, play, aggression, dominance, predation, recognition, assessment of self and others, social knowledge, empathy, conflict resolution, reproduction, parent-young interactions and caregiving, ecology, evolution, kin selection, and neuroethology.
Author: National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309296439
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 632
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Book Description
Humans possess certain unique mental traits. Self-reflection, as well as ethic and aesthetic values, is among them, constituting an essential part of what we call the human condition. The human mental machinery led our species to have a self-awareness but, at the same time, a sense of justice, willing to punish unfair actions even if the consequences of such outrages harm our own interests. Also, we appreciate searching for novelties, listening to music, viewing beautiful pictures, or living in well-designed houses. But why is this so? What is the meaning of our tendency, among other particularities, to defend and share values, to evaluate the rectitude of our actions and the beauty of our surroundings? What brain mechanisms correlate with the human capacity to maintain inner speech, or to carry out judgments of value? To what extent are they different from other primates' equivalent behaviors? In the Light of Evolution Volume VII aims to survey what has been learned about the human "mental machinery." This book is a collection of colloquium papers from the Arthur M. Sackler Colloquium "The Human Mental Machinery," which was sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences on January 11-12, 2013. The colloquium brought together leading scientists who have worked on brain and mental traits. Their 16 contributions focus the objective of better understanding human brain processes, their evolution, and their eventual shared mechanisms with other animals. The articles are grouped into three primary sections: current study of the mind-brain relationships; the primate evolutionary continuity; and the human difference: from ethics to aesthetics. This book offers fresh perspectives coming from interdisciplinary approaches that open new research fields and constitute the state of the art in some important aspects of the mind-brain relationships.
Author: Abram Amsel
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521247845
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 294
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Book Description
We live in a world in which inconsistency is the rule rather than the exception and this is particularly true for rewards and frustrations. In some cases, rewards and frustrative non-rewards appear randomly for what seems to be the same behaviour; in others a sequence of rewards is suddenly followed by non-rewards, or large rewards by small rewards. The important common factor in these and other cases is frustration - how we learn about it and how we respond to it. This book provides a basis in learning theory and particularly in frustration theory, for a comprehension not only of the mechanisms controlling these dispositions, but also of their order of appearance in early development and, to an approximation at least, their neural underpinnings.
Author: Peter Carruthers
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0198843704
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 233
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Book Description
Claims about consciousness in animals are often made in support of their moral standing. Peter Carruthers argues that there is no fact of the matter about animal consciousness and it is of no scientific or ethical significance. Sympathy for an animal can be grounded in its mental states, but should not rely on assumptions about its consciousness.
Author: Douglas Medin
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1317744500
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
Originally published in 1976, this volume contains new and original contributions of the time addressed to a related set of ideas concerning processes of memory in animals. The theme is that animals remember and that theories of animal learning must take this into account as well as the coding processes that have been assumed to be specific to human beings. The focus of the book is on processes, and some progress is reported in differentiating types of memory. The emphasis in applying animal work to studies of human memory is made not in terms of paradigms but in terms of processes implicated via performance in a variety of tasks. Also, many of the chapters reflect the usefulness of applying a memory framework to a variety of "nonmemory" paradigms. This work will be essential reading for all those interested in animal as well as human memory, and provided the most up to date and broadest examination of animal memory processes at the time, from both a theoretical and conceptual framework.
Author: Judith Benz-Schwarzburg
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004415076
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 448
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Book Description
In Cognitive Kin, Moral Strangers?, Judith Benz-Schwarzburg reveals the scope and relevance of cognitive kinship between humans and non-human animals. She presents a wide range of empirical studies on culture, language and theory of mind in animals and then leads us to ask why such complex socio-cognitive abilities in animals matter. Her focus is on ethical theory as well as on the practical ways in which we use animals. Are great apes maybe better described as non-human persons? Should we really use dolphins as entertainers or therapists? Benz-Schwarzburg demonstrates how much we know already about animals’ capabilities and needs and how this knowledge should inform the ways in which we treat animals in captivity and in the wild.
Author: N. E. Spear
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 131775770X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 401
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Book Description
First published in 1982. During the past fifty years, dramatic changes have occurred in the use of laboratory animals to study learning and memory. Yet the basic reasons for this research, diverse as they are, have not changed. At one extreme is the need for relatively direct application of findings with animal models to medical or educational problems of humans; at the other extreme, the quest for understanding animal behavior for its own sake. It is probably fair to say that no chapters in this book represent either of these extremes, although in each case the author’s purposes can be said to be like those of some scientists working in this area fifty years ago. In contrast to this continuity of purpose, the approach that scientists now take in this area of study is really quite different from that of most or all scientists in the 1930s.
Author: Richard Morris
Publisher: Amsterdam University Press
ISBN: 9056293796
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 41
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Book Description
Annotation This title can be previewed in Google Books - http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN9789056293796.
Author: John M. Pearce
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 9780863774331
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 362
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Book Description
This is a revision of An Introduction to Animal Cognition. The book reviews the main principles and experimental findings that have emerged from a century of research into animal intelligence. The book opens with an account of the various methods that have been used to study the intelligence of animals. The next four chapters then examine the contribution made by learning processes to intelligent behaviour. Topics covered include Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning, discrimination learning, categorisation, and an introduction to connectionist theories of learning. The second half of the book is concerned with animal cognition. There is a chapter on the representation of time, number and serial order. Additional chapters are devoted to memory, navigation, social learning, and language and communication. Issues raised throughout the book are reviewed in a concluding chapter that examines the way in which intelligence is distributed throughout the animal kingdom.
