Author: Nick Rushby
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118736435
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 611
Book Description
The Wiley Handbook of Learning Technology is an authoritative and up-to-date survey of the fast-growing field of learning technology, from its foundational theories and practices to its challenges, trends, and future developments. Offers an examination of learning technology that is equal parts theoretical and practical, covering both the technology of learning and the use of technology in learning Individual chapters tackle timely and controversial subjects, such as gaming and simulation, security, lifelong learning, distance education, learning across educational settings, and the research agenda Designed to serve as a point of entry for learning technology novices, a comprehensive reference for scholars and researchers, and a practical guide for education and training practitioners Includes 29 original and comprehensively referenced essays written by leading experts in instructional and educational technology from around the world
The Wiley Handbook of Learning Technology
Author: Nick Rushby
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111873663X
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 615
Book Description
The Wiley Handbook of Learning Technology is an authoritative and up-to-date survey of the fast-growing field of learning technology, from its foundational theories and practices to its challenges, trends, and future developments. Offers an examination of learning technology that is equal parts theoretical and practical, covering both the technology of learning and the use of technology in learning Individual chapters tackle timely and controversial subjects, such as gaming and simulation, security, lifelong learning, distance education, learning across educational settings, and the research agenda Designed to serve as a point of entry for learning technology novices, a comprehensive reference for scholars and researchers, and a practical guide for education and training practitioners Includes 29 original and comprehensively referenced essays written by leading experts in instructional and educational technology from around the world
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111873663X
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 615
Book Description
The Wiley Handbook of Learning Technology is an authoritative and up-to-date survey of the fast-growing field of learning technology, from its foundational theories and practices to its challenges, trends, and future developments. Offers an examination of learning technology that is equal parts theoretical and practical, covering both the technology of learning and the use of technology in learning Individual chapters tackle timely and controversial subjects, such as gaming and simulation, security, lifelong learning, distance education, learning across educational settings, and the research agenda Designed to serve as a point of entry for learning technology novices, a comprehensive reference for scholars and researchers, and a practical guide for education and training practitioners Includes 29 original and comprehensively referenced essays written by leading experts in instructional and educational technology from around the world
The Wiley Handbook of Teaching and Learning
Author: Gene E. Hall
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118955870
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 704
Book Description
Provides a comprehensive reference for scholars, educators, stakeholders, and the general public on matters influencing and directly affecting education in today’s schools across the globe This enlightening handbook offers current, international perspectives on the conditions in communities, contemporary practices in schooling, relevant research on teaching and learning, and implications for the future of education. It contains diverse conceptual frameworks for analyzing existing issues in education, including but not limited to characteristics of today’s students, assessment of student learning, evaluation of teachers, trends in teacher education programs, technological advances in content delivery, the important role for school leaders, and innovative instructional practices to increase student learning. The Wiley Handbook of Teaching and Learning promotes new, global approaches to studying the process of education, demonstrates the diversity among the constituents of schooling, recognizes the need for and presents a variety of approaches to teaching and learning, and details exemplary practices in education. Divided into four sections focused on general topics—context and schooling; learners and learning; teachers and teaching; and educators as learners and leaders—and with all-new essays that look at what has been, what is, and what could be, this book is destined to inspire thoughtful contemplation from readers about what it means to teach and learn. Examines teaching, learners, and learning from a contemporary, international perspective, presenting alternative views and approaches Provides a single reference source for teachers, education leaders, and agency administrators Summarizes recent research and theory Offers evidence-based recommendations for practice Includes essays from established and emerging U.S. and international scholars Each chapter includes a section encouraging readers to think ahead and imagine what education might be in the future Scholars from around the world provide a range of evidence-based ideas for improving and modifying current educational practices, making The Wiley Handbook of Teaching and Learning an important book for the global education community and those planning on entering into it.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118955870
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 704
Book Description
Provides a comprehensive reference for scholars, educators, stakeholders, and the general public on matters influencing and directly affecting education in today’s schools across the globe This enlightening handbook offers current, international perspectives on the conditions in communities, contemporary practices in schooling, relevant research on teaching and learning, and implications for the future of education. It contains diverse conceptual frameworks for analyzing existing issues in education, including but not limited to characteristics of today’s students, assessment of student learning, evaluation of teachers, trends in teacher education programs, technological advances in content delivery, the important role for school leaders, and innovative instructional practices to increase student learning. The Wiley Handbook of Teaching and Learning promotes new, global approaches to studying the process of education, demonstrates the diversity among the constituents of schooling, recognizes the need for and presents a variety of approaches to teaching and learning, and details exemplary practices in education. Divided into four sections focused on general topics—context and schooling; learners and learning; teachers and teaching; and educators as learners and leaders—and with all-new essays that look at what has been, what is, and what could be, this book is destined to inspire thoughtful contemplation from readers about what it means to teach and learn. Examines teaching, learners, and learning from a contemporary, international perspective, presenting alternative views and approaches Provides a single reference source for teachers, education leaders, and agency administrators Summarizes recent research and theory Offers evidence-based recommendations for practice Includes essays from established and emerging U.S. and international scholars Each chapter includes a section encouraging readers to think ahead and imagine what education might be in the future Scholars from around the world provide a range of evidence-based ideas for improving and modifying current educational practices, making The Wiley Handbook of Teaching and Learning an important book for the global education community and those planning on entering into it.
The Handbook of Technology and Second Language Teaching and Learning
Author: Carol A. Chapelle
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119108470
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 522
Book Description
The Handbook of Technology and Second Language Teaching and Learning presents a comprehensive exploration of the impact of technology on the field of second language learning. The rapidly evolving language-technology interface has propelled dramatic changes in, and increased opportunities for, second language teaching and learning. Its influence has been felt no less keenly in the approaches and methods of assessing learners' language and researching language teaching and learning. Contributions from a team of international scholars make up the Handbook consisting of four parts: language teaching and learning through technology; the technology-pedagogy interface; technology for L2 assessment; and research and development of technology for language learning. It considers how technology assists in all areas of language development, the emergence of pedagogy at the intersection of language and technology, technology in language assessment, and major research issues in research and development of technologies for language learning. It covers all aspects of language including grammar, vocabulary, reading, writing, listening, speaking, pragmatics, and intercultural learning, as well as new pedagogical and assessment approaches, and new ways of conceiving and conducting research and development. The Handbook of Technology and Second Language Teaching and Learning demonstrates the extensive, multifaceted implications of technology for language teachers, learners, materials-developers, and researchers.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119108470
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 522
Book Description
The Handbook of Technology and Second Language Teaching and Learning presents a comprehensive exploration of the impact of technology on the field of second language learning. The rapidly evolving language-technology interface has propelled dramatic changes in, and increased opportunities for, second language teaching and learning. Its influence has been felt no less keenly in the approaches and methods of assessing learners' language and researching language teaching and learning. Contributions from a team of international scholars make up the Handbook consisting of four parts: language teaching and learning through technology; the technology-pedagogy interface; technology for L2 assessment; and research and development of technology for language learning. It considers how technology assists in all areas of language development, the emergence of pedagogy at the intersection of language and technology, technology in language assessment, and major research issues in research and development of technologies for language learning. It covers all aspects of language including grammar, vocabulary, reading, writing, listening, speaking, pragmatics, and intercultural learning, as well as new pedagogical and assessment approaches, and new ways of conceiving and conducting research and development. The Handbook of Technology and Second Language Teaching and Learning demonstrates the extensive, multifaceted implications of technology for language teachers, learners, materials-developers, and researchers.
The Wiley Handbook of Global Workplace Learning
Author: Vanessa Hammler Kenon
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119226996
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 656
Book Description
Inclusive Guide Provides Practical Applications for Workplace Education Theory from Diverse Perspectives The Wiley Handbook of Global Workplace Learning explores the field of workplace education using contributions from both experts and emerging scholars in industry and academia. Unlike many previously published titles on the subject, the Handbook focuses on offering readers a truly global overview of workplace learning at a price point that makes it accessible for independent researchers and Human Resources professionals. Designed to strike a balance between theory and practice, the Handbook provides a wealth of information on foundational topics, theoretical frameworks, current and emerging trends, technological updates, implementation strategies, and research methodologies. Chapters covering recent research illustrate the importance of workplace learning topics ranging from meditation to change management, while others give pragmatic and replicable applications for the design, promotion, and implementation of impactful learning opportunities for employees at any company, regardless of industry. A sampling of topics addressed includes: “Using an Experiential Learning Model to Design an Assessment Framework for Workplace Learning” “Measuring Innovative Thinking and Acting Skills as Workplace-Related Professional Competence” Multiple chapters specifically addressing international business, such as “Competency in Globalization and Intercultural Communication”, “Global Strategic Planning” and “Global Talent Management” Research and recommendations on bridging generational and cultural divides as well as addressing employee learning disabilities With its impressive breadth of coverage and focus on real-world problem solving, this volume serves as a comprehensive tool for examining and improving practices in global workplace learning. It will prove to be a valuable resource for students and recent graduates entering the workforce and for those working in Human Resources and related fields.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119226996
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 656
Book Description
Inclusive Guide Provides Practical Applications for Workplace Education Theory from Diverse Perspectives The Wiley Handbook of Global Workplace Learning explores the field of workplace education using contributions from both experts and emerging scholars in industry and academia. Unlike many previously published titles on the subject, the Handbook focuses on offering readers a truly global overview of workplace learning at a price point that makes it accessible for independent researchers and Human Resources professionals. Designed to strike a balance between theory and practice, the Handbook provides a wealth of information on foundational topics, theoretical frameworks, current and emerging trends, technological updates, implementation strategies, and research methodologies. Chapters covering recent research illustrate the importance of workplace learning topics ranging from meditation to change management, while others give pragmatic and replicable applications for the design, promotion, and implementation of impactful learning opportunities for employees at any company, regardless of industry. A sampling of topics addressed includes: “Using an Experiential Learning Model to Design an Assessment Framework for Workplace Learning” “Measuring Innovative Thinking and Acting Skills as Workplace-Related Professional Competence” Multiple chapters specifically addressing international business, such as “Competency in Globalization and Intercultural Communication”, “Global Strategic Planning” and “Global Talent Management” Research and recommendations on bridging generational and cultural divides as well as addressing employee learning disabilities With its impressive breadth of coverage and focus on real-world problem solving, this volume serves as a comprehensive tool for examining and improving practices in global workplace learning. It will prove to be a valuable resource for students and recent graduates entering the workforce and for those working in Human Resources and related fields.
The Wiley Handbook of Psychology, Technology, and Society
Author: Larry D. Rosen
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118772008
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 592
Book Description
Edited by three of the world's leading authorities on the psychology of technology, this new handbook provides a thoughtful and evidence-driven examination of contemporary technology's impact on society and human behavior. Includes contributions from an international array of experts in the field Features comprehensive coverage of hot button issues in the psychology of technology, such as social networking, Internet addiction and dependency, Internet credibility, multitasking, impression management, and audience reactions to media Reaches beyond the more established study of psychology and the Internet, to include varied analysis of a range of technologies, including video games, smart phones, tablet computing, etc. Provides analysis of the latest research on generational differences, Internet literacy, cyberbullying, sexting, Internet and cell phone dependency, and online risky behavior
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118772008
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 592
Book Description
Edited by three of the world's leading authorities on the psychology of technology, this new handbook provides a thoughtful and evidence-driven examination of contemporary technology's impact on society and human behavior. Includes contributions from an international array of experts in the field Features comprehensive coverage of hot button issues in the psychology of technology, such as social networking, Internet addiction and dependency, Internet credibility, multitasking, impression management, and audience reactions to media Reaches beyond the more established study of psychology and the Internet, to include varied analysis of a range of technologies, including video games, smart phones, tablet computing, etc. Provides analysis of the latest research on generational differences, Internet literacy, cyberbullying, sexting, Internet and cell phone dependency, and online risky behavior
The Wiley Handbook of Problem-Based Learning
Author: Mahnaz Moallem
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111917323X
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 861
Book Description
The first book to offer an in-depth exploration of the topic of problem-based learning with contributions from international experts The Wiley Handbook of Problem-Based Learning is the first book of its kind to present a collection of original essays that integrate the research and practice of problem-based learning in one comprehensive volume. With contributions from an international panel of leading scholars, researchers, practitioners and educational and training communities, the handbook is an authoritative, definitive, and contemporary volume that clearly demonstrates the impact and scope of research-based practice in problem-based learning (PBL). After many years of its successful implementation in medical education curricula, problem-based learning is now being emphasized and practiced more widely in K-12, higher education, and other professional fields. The handbook provides timely and stimulating advice and reflection on the theory, research, and practice of PBL. Throughout the book the contributors address the skills needed to implement PBL in the classroom and the need for creating learning environments that are active, collaborative, experiential, motivating and engaging. This important resource: Addresses the need for a comprehensive resource to problem-based learning research and implementation Contains contributions from an international panel of experts on the topic Offers a rich collection of scholarly writings that challenge readers to refresh their knowledge and rethink their assumptions Takes an inclusive approach that addresses the theory, design, and practice of problem-based learning Includes guidelines for instructional designers, and implementation and assessment strategies for practitioners Written for academics, students, and practitioners in education, The Wiley Handbook of Problem-Based Learning offers a key resource to the most recent information on the research and practice of problem-based learning.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111917323X
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 861
Book Description
The first book to offer an in-depth exploration of the topic of problem-based learning with contributions from international experts The Wiley Handbook of Problem-Based Learning is the first book of its kind to present a collection of original essays that integrate the research and practice of problem-based learning in one comprehensive volume. With contributions from an international panel of leading scholars, researchers, practitioners and educational and training communities, the handbook is an authoritative, definitive, and contemporary volume that clearly demonstrates the impact and scope of research-based practice in problem-based learning (PBL). After many years of its successful implementation in medical education curricula, problem-based learning is now being emphasized and practiced more widely in K-12, higher education, and other professional fields. The handbook provides timely and stimulating advice and reflection on the theory, research, and practice of PBL. Throughout the book the contributors address the skills needed to implement PBL in the classroom and the need for creating learning environments that are active, collaborative, experiential, motivating and engaging. This important resource: Addresses the need for a comprehensive resource to problem-based learning research and implementation Contains contributions from an international panel of experts on the topic Offers a rich collection of scholarly writings that challenge readers to refresh their knowledge and rethink their assumptions Takes an inclusive approach that addresses the theory, design, and practice of problem-based learning Includes guidelines for instructional designers, and implementation and assessment strategies for practitioners Written for academics, students, and practitioners in education, The Wiley Handbook of Problem-Based Learning offers a key resource to the most recent information on the research and practice of problem-based learning.
The Wiley Handbook of Human Computer Interaction Set
Author: Kent Norman
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118977270
Category : Psychology
Languages : de
Pages : 2263
Book Description
In der Vergangenheit war die Mensch-Computer-Interaktion (Human-Computer Interaction) das Privileg einiger weniger. Heute ist Computertechnologie weit verbreitet, allgegenwärtig und global. Arbeiten und Lernen erfolgen über den Computer. Private und kommerzielle Systeme arbeiten computergestützt. Das Gesundheitswesen wird neu erfunden. Navigation erfolgt interaktiv. Unterhaltung kommt aus dem Computer. Als Antwort auf immer leistungsfähigere Systeme sind im Bereich der Mensch-Computer-Interaktion immer ausgeklügeltere Theorien und Methodiken entstanden. The Wiley Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction bietet einen Überblick über all diese Entwicklungen und untersucht die vielen verschiedenen Aspekte der Mensch-Computer-Interaktion und hat den Wert menschlicher Erfahrungen, die über Technologie stehen, ganzheitlich im Blick.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118977270
Category : Psychology
Languages : de
Pages : 2263
Book Description
In der Vergangenheit war die Mensch-Computer-Interaktion (Human-Computer Interaction) das Privileg einiger weniger. Heute ist Computertechnologie weit verbreitet, allgegenwärtig und global. Arbeiten und Lernen erfolgen über den Computer. Private und kommerzielle Systeme arbeiten computergestützt. Das Gesundheitswesen wird neu erfunden. Navigation erfolgt interaktiv. Unterhaltung kommt aus dem Computer. Als Antwort auf immer leistungsfähigere Systeme sind im Bereich der Mensch-Computer-Interaktion immer ausgeklügeltere Theorien und Methodiken entstanden. The Wiley Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction bietet einen Überblick über all diese Entwicklungen und untersucht die vielen verschiedenen Aspekte der Mensch-Computer-Interaktion und hat den Wert menschlicher Erfahrungen, die über Technologie stehen, ganzheitlich im Blick.
The Wiley Handbook of Vocational Education and Training
Author: David Guile
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119098610
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 606
Book Description
A collection of the theories, practices, and policies of vocational education and training written by international experts The Wiley Handbook of Vocational Education and Training offers an in-depth guide to the theories, practices, and policies of vocational education and training (VET). With contributions from a panel of leading international scholars, the Handbook contains 27 authoritative essays from a wide range of disciplines. The contributors present an integrated analysis of the complex and dynamic field of VET. Drawing on the most recent research, thinking, and practice in the field, the book explores the key debates about the role of VET in the education and training systems of various nations. The Handbook reveals how expertise is developed in an age of considerable transformation in work processes, work organization, and occupational identities. The authors also examine many of the challenges of vocational education and training such as the impact of digital technologies on employment, the demand for (re)training in the context of extended working lives, the emergence of learning regions and skill ecosystems, and the professional development of vocational teachers and trainers. This important text: Offers an original view of VET’s role in both the initial and continuing development of expertise Examines the theories and concepts that underpin international perspectives and explores the differences about the purposes of VET Presents various models of learning used in VET, including apprenticeship, and their relationship with general education Explores how VET is shaped in different ways by the political economy of different countries Reviews how developments in digital technologies are changing VET practice Discusses the challenges for universities offering higher vocational education programs Draws on both recent research as well as historical accounts Written for students, researchers, and scholars in the fields of educational studies, human resource development, social policy, political economy, labor market economics, industrial relations, sociology, The Wiley Handbook of Vocational Education and Training offers an international perspective on the topic of VET.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119098610
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 606
Book Description
A collection of the theories, practices, and policies of vocational education and training written by international experts The Wiley Handbook of Vocational Education and Training offers an in-depth guide to the theories, practices, and policies of vocational education and training (VET). With contributions from a panel of leading international scholars, the Handbook contains 27 authoritative essays from a wide range of disciplines. The contributors present an integrated analysis of the complex and dynamic field of VET. Drawing on the most recent research, thinking, and practice in the field, the book explores the key debates about the role of VET in the education and training systems of various nations. The Handbook reveals how expertise is developed in an age of considerable transformation in work processes, work organization, and occupational identities. The authors also examine many of the challenges of vocational education and training such as the impact of digital technologies on employment, the demand for (re)training in the context of extended working lives, the emergence of learning regions and skill ecosystems, and the professional development of vocational teachers and trainers. This important text: Offers an original view of VET’s role in both the initial and continuing development of expertise Examines the theories and concepts that underpin international perspectives and explores the differences about the purposes of VET Presents various models of learning used in VET, including apprenticeship, and their relationship with general education Explores how VET is shaped in different ways by the political economy of different countries Reviews how developments in digital technologies are changing VET practice Discusses the challenges for universities offering higher vocational education programs Draws on both recent research as well as historical accounts Written for students, researchers, and scholars in the fields of educational studies, human resource development, social policy, political economy, labor market economics, industrial relations, sociology, The Wiley Handbook of Vocational Education and Training offers an international perspective on the topic of VET.
The Wiley Handbook of Learning Technology
Author: Nick Rushby
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118736435
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 611
Book Description
The Wiley Handbook of Learning Technology is an authoritative and up-to-date survey of the fast-growing field of learning technology, from its foundational theories and practices to its challenges, trends, and future developments. Offers an examination of learning technology that is equal parts theoretical and practical, covering both the technology of learning and the use of technology in learning Individual chapters tackle timely and controversial subjects, such as gaming and simulation, security, lifelong learning, distance education, learning across educational settings, and the research agenda Designed to serve as a point of entry for learning technology novices, a comprehensive reference for scholars and researchers, and a practical guide for education and training practitioners Includes 29 original and comprehensively referenced essays written by leading experts in instructional and educational technology from around the world
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118736435
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 611
Book Description
The Wiley Handbook of Learning Technology is an authoritative and up-to-date survey of the fast-growing field of learning technology, from its foundational theories and practices to its challenges, trends, and future developments. Offers an examination of learning technology that is equal parts theoretical and practical, covering both the technology of learning and the use of technology in learning Individual chapters tackle timely and controversial subjects, such as gaming and simulation, security, lifelong learning, distance education, learning across educational settings, and the research agenda Designed to serve as a point of entry for learning technology novices, a comprehensive reference for scholars and researchers, and a practical guide for education and training practitioners Includes 29 original and comprehensively referenced essays written by leading experts in instructional and educational technology from around the world
The Oxford Handbook of Cyberpsychology
Author: Alison Attrill-Smith
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192540963
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 779
Book Description
The internet is so central to everyday life, that it is impossible to contemplate life without it. From finding romance, to conducting business, receiving health advice, shopping, banking, and gaming, the internet opens up a world of possibilities to people across the globe. Yet for all its positive attributes, it is also an environment where we witness the very worst of human behaviour - cybercrime, election interference, fake news, and trolling being just a few examples. What is it about this unique environment that can make people behave in ways they wouldn't contemplate in real life. Understanding the psychological processes underlying and influencing the thinking, interpretation and behaviour associated with this online interconnectivity is the core premise of Cyberpsychology. The Oxford Handbook of Cyberpsychology explores a wide range of cyberpsychological processes and activities through the research and writings of some of the world's leading cyberpsychology experts. The book is divided into eight sections covering topics as varied as online research methods, self-presentation and impression management, technology across the lifespan, interaction and interactivity, online groups and communities, social media, health and technology, video gaming and cybercrime and cybersecurity. The Oxford Handbook of Cyberpsychology will be important reading for those who have only recently discovered the discipline as well as more seasoned cyberpsychology researchers and teachers.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192540963
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 779
Book Description
The internet is so central to everyday life, that it is impossible to contemplate life without it. From finding romance, to conducting business, receiving health advice, shopping, banking, and gaming, the internet opens up a world of possibilities to people across the globe. Yet for all its positive attributes, it is also an environment where we witness the very worst of human behaviour - cybercrime, election interference, fake news, and trolling being just a few examples. What is it about this unique environment that can make people behave in ways they wouldn't contemplate in real life. Understanding the psychological processes underlying and influencing the thinking, interpretation and behaviour associated with this online interconnectivity is the core premise of Cyberpsychology. The Oxford Handbook of Cyberpsychology explores a wide range of cyberpsychological processes and activities through the research and writings of some of the world's leading cyberpsychology experts. The book is divided into eight sections covering topics as varied as online research methods, self-presentation and impression management, technology across the lifespan, interaction and interactivity, online groups and communities, social media, health and technology, video gaming and cybercrime and cybersecurity. The Oxford Handbook of Cyberpsychology will be important reading for those who have only recently discovered the discipline as well as more seasoned cyberpsychology researchers and teachers.