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Author: Mukhtar Ahmad Bhat
Publisher: eren gündogan
ISBN: 9755203508
Category : Antiques & Collectibles
Languages : en
Pages : 272
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Book Description
Middle East the mother of civilisations is one of the very few regions of global politics which have remained the hot spots and orbits around which the global power game revolved uninterruptedly. In beginning it was due to its geopolitical location as it is at the crossroads and a trade link between big Asian, African and European countries turned the region into a trade hub. Then the life changing discoveries of natural resources, particularly of oil and gas in the region as well as the industrial revolution in other parts of the world increased strategic importance of the region at the global level. The adoption of policy of securing control over the resources by global powers gave new shape to the political structure and configuration, like disintegration of Ottoman Empire and creation of new political entities in the region. In addition to that the break out of the First and Second World Wars, creation of Israel as well as the emergence of the Cold War are such events that transformed the region into a battle ground for the global super powers which ended at the collapse of the USSR in 1992 and emergence of the US as the dominant global power. No doubt after the emergence of uni-polar global order, the region saw a phase of peace and end of the war gaming on the part of the big powers but the US continued to dominate the regional political structure. During the same period the region also experienced one of the toughest periods of inter-state wars, first the decade long Iraq-Iran war and then the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait which added more fuel to the already increasing division and hatred among the regional countries.
Author: Mukhtar Ahmad Bhat
Publisher: eren gündogan
ISBN: 9755203508
Category : Antiques & Collectibles
Languages : en
Pages : 272
Get Book Here
Book Description
Middle East the mother of civilisations is one of the very few regions of global politics which have remained the hot spots and orbits around which the global power game revolved uninterruptedly. In beginning it was due to its geopolitical location as it is at the crossroads and a trade link between big Asian, African and European countries turned the region into a trade hub. Then the life changing discoveries of natural resources, particularly of oil and gas in the region as well as the industrial revolution in other parts of the world increased strategic importance of the region at the global level. The adoption of policy of securing control over the resources by global powers gave new shape to the political structure and configuration, like disintegration of Ottoman Empire and creation of new political entities in the region. In addition to that the break out of the First and Second World Wars, creation of Israel as well as the emergence of the Cold War are such events that transformed the region into a battle ground for the global super powers which ended at the collapse of the USSR in 1992 and emergence of the US as the dominant global power. No doubt after the emergence of uni-polar global order, the region saw a phase of peace and end of the war gaming on the part of the big powers but the US continued to dominate the regional political structure. During the same period the region also experienced one of the toughest periods of inter-state wars, first the decade long Iraq-Iran war and then the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait which added more fuel to the already increasing division and hatred among the regional countries.
Author: Jurgen Ruland
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1315497476
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 281
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Book Description
The contributors to this work examine the evolution of U.S. foreign policy toward the Third World, and the new policy challenges facing developing nations in the post-Cold War era. The book incorporates the key assessment standards of U.S. foreign policies directed toward critical regions, including Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, and Southeast Asia. Through this region-by-region analysis, readers will get the information and insight needed to fully understand U.S. policy objectives - especially with regard to economic and security issues in the wake of 9/11 - vis a vis the developing world. The book outlines both successes and failures of Washington, as it seeks to deal with the Third World in a new era of terrorism, trade, and democratic enlargement. It also considers whether anti-Western sentiment in Third World regions is a direct result of U.S. foreign policies since the end of the Cold War.
Author: Kylie Baxter
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134128975
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 210
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Book Description
Over the last sixty years, Washington has been a major player in the politics of the Middle East. From Iran in the 1950s, to the Gulf War of 1991, to the devastation of contemporary Iraq, US policy has had a profound impact on the domestic affairs of the region. Anti-Americanism is a pervasive feature of modern Middle East public opinion. But far from being intrinsic to ‘Muslim political culture’, scepticism of the US agenda is directly linked to the regional policies pursued by Washington. By exploring critical points of regional crisis, Kylie Baxter and Shahram Akbarzadeh elaborate on the links between US policy and popular distrust of the United States. The book also examines the interconnected nature of events in this geo-strategically vital region. Accessible and easy to follow, it is designed to provide a clear and concise overview of complex historical and political material. Key features include: maps illustrating key events and areas of discontent text boxes on topics of interest related to the Arab/Israeli Wars, Iranian politics, foreign interventions in Afghanistan and Iraq, the wars of the Persian Gulf, September 11 and the rise of Islamist movements further reading lists and a selection of suggested study questions at the end of each chapter.
Author: Chintamani Mahapatra
Publisher: Academic Foundation
ISBN: 9788171886593
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 214
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Book Description
This book examines the United States' foreign policies toward the Muslim world?including actions taken against Islamic countries who attempted to challenge the United States' regional dominance; and alliances with Pakistan, the United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia. It focuses on how the U.S/ has reconfigured its policy towards the radical and the conservative group of Muslim countries and how its new mission against terrorism has affected international relations, particularly U.S.-Indian relations. Islamic revivalism, the emergence of a highly political Islamic population, the rise of terrorism, and other recent socio-political changes are also discussed.
Author: Robert S. Litwak
Publisher: JHU Press
ISBN: 0801886422
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 425
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Book Description
The 9/11 terrorist attacks starkly recast the U.S. debate on "rogue states." In this new era of vulnerability, should the United States counter the dangers of weapons proliferation and state-sponsored terrorism by toppling regimes or by promoting change in the threatening behavior of their leaders? Regime Change examines the contrasting precedents set with Iraq and Libya and provides incisive analysis of the pressing crises with North Korea and Iran. A successor to the author's influential Rogue States and U.S. Foreign Policy (2000), this compelling book clarifies and critiques the terms in which today's vital foreign policy and security debate is being conducted.
Author: Matthew F. Jacobs
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789774165207
Category : Arab-Israeli conflict
Languages : en
Pages : 318
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Book Description
As its interests have become deeply tied to the Middle East, the United States has long sought to develop a usable understanding of the people, politics, and cultures of the region. In Imagining the Middle East, Matthew Jacobs illuminates how Americans' ideas and perspectives about the region have shaped, justified, and sustained U.S. cultural, economic, military, and political involvement there. Jacobs examines the ways in which an informal network of academic, business, government, and media specialists interpreted and shared their perceptions of the Middle East from the end of World War I through the late 1960s. During that period, Jacobs argues, members of this network imagined the Middle East as a region defined by certain common characteristics--religion, mass politics, underdevelopment, and an escalating Arab-Israeli-Palestinian conflict--and as a place that might be transformed through U.S. involvement. Thus, the ways in which specialists and policymakers imagined the Middle East of the past or present came to justify policies designed to create an imagined Middle East of the future. Jacobs demonstrates that an analysis of the intellectual roots of current politics and foreign policy is critical to comprehending the styles of U.S. engagement with the Middle East in a post-9/11 world.
Author: Michael Schmid
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3638590909
Category : Literary Collections
Languages : en
Pages : 13
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Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject American Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 1,3, Indiana University (History Department), course: History H 650 ' U.S. Foreign Relations in the American Century', language: English, abstract: Ever since the United States ended the Second World War in 1945 every administration has found itself involved more and more in the affairs of the Middle East. Over the decades this engagement in the orient has changed due to the new realities of the post-World War era and the evolving relations between the USA and Arab nations. Today in 2004, no other foreign policy matter could be more crucial than the issue of United States foreign policy toward the Middle East. After the horrific and tragic terrorist attacks in New York and Washington on September 11th, 2001 the relevance of the issue gained a dramatic new dimension. For decades the US-Arab relation has been the focus of recent scholars, especially the never-ending Israel-Palestinian conflict has had its share of the research that has been conducted. In the first years of the twenty-first century the urgent need to comprehend US-Arab relations is understandably dominant. In the immediate aftermath of the September 11 attacks a wave of historical and scientific works were published. Most of the historians were still in shock from the events that had occurred and therefore not willing to reflect upon past experiences with Middle Eastern nations. But eventually the pressing question arose that puzzled so many minds: Why do they hate us? A project by many respectable scholars involved a website devoted to the American values where they posted several essays in trying to answer that question. By raising it, they automatically came across the path of self-definition and self-defense. As the Bush Administration articulated its first response to the attacks of 9/11 with the retaliatory strike against Afghanistan, the scholars of www.americanvalues.org defended the action by publishing a kind of declaration of self-defense in order to protect the values of America and the values of the free world. In it, they clearly distanced themselves and America from barbaric terrorist attacks and declared that they were meant to destroy American values which led them to answer the next fundamental question: Who are we then? In the end, this proclamation served as a reassurance of the existing belief of what the USA is NOT according to the scholars, which is totalitarian, oppressive, hegemonic and barbaric.
Author: Martin S. Indyk
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
ISBN: 0815724470
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 354
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Book Description
By the time of Barack Obama's inauguration as the 44th president of the United States, he had already developed an ambitious foreign policy vision. By his own account, he sought to bend the arc of history toward greater justice, freedom, and peace; within a year he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, largely for that promise. In Bending History, Martin Indyk, Kenneth Lieberthal, and Michael O’Hanlon measure Obama not only against the record of his predecessors and the immediate challenges of the day, but also against his own soaring rhetoric and inspiring goals. Bending History assesses the considerable accomplishments as well as the failures and seeks to explain what has happened. Obama's best work has been on major and pressing foreign policy challenges—counterterrorism policy, including the daring raid that eliminated Osama bin Laden; the "reset" with Russia; managing the increasingly significant relationship with China; and handling the rogue states of Iran and North Korea. Policy on resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, however, has reflected serious flaws in both strategy and execution. Afghanistan policy has been plagued by inconsistent messaging and teamwork. On important "softer" security issues—from energy and climate policy to problems in Africa and Mexico—the record is mixed. As for his early aspiration to reshape the international order, according greater roles and responsibilities to rising powers, Obama's efforts have been well-conceived but of limited effectiveness. On issues of secondary importance, Obama has been disciplined in avoiding fruitless disputes (as with Chavez in Venezuela and Castro in Cuba) and insisting that others take the lead (as with Qaddafi in Libya). Notwithstanding several missteps, he has generally managed well the complex challenges of the Arab awakenings, striving to strike the right balance between U.S. values and interests. The authors see Obama's foreign policy to date as a triumph of discipline and realism over ideology. He has been neither the transformative beacon his devotees have wanted, nor the weak apologist for America that his critics allege. They conclude that his grand strategy for promoting American interests in a tumultuous world may only now be emerging, and may yet be curtailed by conflict with Iran. Most of all, they argue that he or his successor will have to embrace U.S. economic renewal as the core foreign policy and national security challenge of the future.
Author: anny bakalian
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN: 9780520943353
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 370
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Book Description
For most Americans, September 11, 2001, symbolized the moment when their security was altered. For Middle Eastern and Muslim Americans, 9/11 also ushered in a backlash in the form of hate crimes, discrimination, and a string of devastating government initiatives. This book provides the first comprehensive analysis of the impact of the post-9/11 events on Middle Eastern and Muslim Americans as well as their organized response. Through fieldwork and interviews with community leaders, Anny Bakalian and Mehdi Bozorgmehr show how ethnic organizations mobilized to demonstrate their commitment to the United States while defending their rights and distancing themselves from the terrorists.
Author: Paul Heroux
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781520522531
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 516
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Book Description
Are terrorists insane, and what role - if any - does religion play in terrorism? Why did fifteen of the nineteen 9/11 terrorists come from Saudi Arabia? Why does the Shia Iranian government have such hostility towards America, and how did that contribute to the radicalization of some Sunni Muslims citizens? How did the Taliban come to power in Afghanistan and what role did that play in 9/11? What role did Egypt play in terrorism? Why did the United States invade Iraq and what might the fallout of that invasion be with respect to terrorism? Is this a problem without a cause or what role did the United States play in fomenting anger and resentment in the Middle East towards America? "The Aftermath of Intention: The American Legacy in the Middle East" explores the US involvement in the Middle East from the end of WWI until the invasion of Iraq in 2003. It reviews US foreign policy in the Middle East in five key countries: Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan, and Egypt. The premise is that US intervention and involvement may have had good intentions, but it had unintended consequences. These unintended consequences created a collective resentment in the Middle East. However, this resentment was not enough to cause terrorism in a few; US policy may have been necessary to create resentment, but not sufficient to cause terrorism. Something else was needed.Part one describes the aftermath of fall of the Ottoman Empire and the interwar years between WWI and WWII. Part Two describes how in five specific countries (Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan, and Egypt) the US became an influential actor after WWII. As an influential actor, US policies and actions had an impact on the people in the Middle East. Part Three talks about the aftermath of the US involvement in these five countries and how this involvement created a collective resentment towards the United States. Using concepts from psychology, criminology and sociology, as well as reviewing the statements and writings from terrorists themselves, an explanation is offered about how this collective resentment created an atmosphere for some people to feel the need to act and retaliate against what they viewed as injustices. About the author: Paul Heroux previously lived and worked in Saudi Arabia and has traveled throughout other countries in the Middle East. Paul has been published over 300 times and writes for the Huffington Post. During the Iran deal, he was a regular contributor on RT International. Paul holds a Master's in International Relations from the London School of Economics, a Master's in Public Administration from Harvard University's School of Government, a Master's in Criminology from the University of Pennsylvania, and a Bachelor's in Psychology and Neuroscience from the University of Southern California. He wrote this over five years while he was 28 to 33 years old. Paul, now 40, is currently a State Representative from Attleboro, Massachusetts. www.PaulHeroux.org
