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Author: Jeremy V. Lane
Publisher: Nova Publishers
ISBN: 9781590333860
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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Book Description
The United States and the European Union have a healthy and substantial trade relationship, but as trade grows between the nations, conflicts over subsidies, industrial policy and social and economic pressures are inevitable. Domestic or abroad, these conflicts must be solved to ensure the best trade relations possible. This book presents these trade problems and how they affect this mutually beneficial trade relationship.
Author: Jeremy V. Lane
Publisher: Nova Publishers
ISBN: 9781590333860
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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Book Description
The United States and the European Union have a healthy and substantial trade relationship, but as trade grows between the nations, conflicts over subsidies, industrial policy and social and economic pressures are inevitable. Domestic or abroad, these conflicts must be solved to ensure the best trade relations possible. This book presents these trade problems and how they affect this mutually beneficial trade relationship.
Author: Renée Johnson
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437944353
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Book Description
This report is organized into three parts. First, it provides an overview of U.S. export markets for livestock and poultry products, and highlights key U.S. foreign trading partners. Second, it discusses policies in selected foreign markets that may restrict or limit the use of antimicrobial drugs in food animal production, including imports of animal products grown with these drugs. Third, it discusses some implications of these policies for U.S. livestock and poultry exports to selected foreign markets.
Author: D. Hornsby
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1137034173
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 389
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Book Description
When regions like Canada, the US and the EU have disagreed over the legitimacy of risk perceptions they have placed science at the centre of international trade conflict. By looking across cases disputed and informally resolved, David Hornsby offers to deepen understanding of factors involved in risk based trade conflict.
Author: Vaclav Smil
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118278690
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 295
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Book Description
Meat eating is often a contentious subject, whether considering the technical, ethical, environmental, political, or health-related aspects of production and consumption. This book is a wide-ranging and interdisciplinary examination and critique of meat consumption by humans, throughout their evolution and around the world. Setting the scene with a chapter on meat’s role in human evolution and its growing influence during the development of agricultural practices, the book goes on to examine modern production systems, their efficiencies, outputs, and impacts. The major global trends of meat consumption are described in order to find out what part its consumption plays in changing modern diets in countries around the world. The heart of the book addresses the consequences of the "massive carnivory" of western diets, looking at the inefficiencies of production and at the huge impacts on land, water, and the atmosphere. Health impacts are also covered, both positive and negative. In conclusion, the author looks forward at his vision of “rational meat eating”, where environmental and health impacts are reduced, animals are treated more humanely, and alternative sources of protein make a higher contribution. Should We Eat Meat? is not an ideological tract for or against carnivorousness but rather a careful evaluation of meat's roles in human diets and the environmental and health consequences of its production and consumption. It will be of interest to a wide readership including professionals and academics in food and agricultural production, human health and nutrition, environmental science, and regulatory and policy making bodies around the world.
Author: James C. Hartigan
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN: 1848552076
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 510
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Book Description
Addresses the process of dispute resolution and appeal under the DSU of the WTO. This book covers politics and disputes between sovereign nations; power inequities in access to the DSU; specific categories of disputes, such as in agriculture and in intellectual property; and issues pertaining to compliance, enforcement and remedies.
Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1457817284
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 279
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Book Description
Author: Elizabeth R. Wilcox
Publisher:
ISBN: 0199759006
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 925
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Book Description
Co-published by Oxford University Press and the International Law Institute, and prepared by the Office of the Legal Adviser at the Department of State, the Digest of United States Practice in International Law presents an annual compilation of documents and commentary highlighting significant developments in public and private international law, and is an invaluable resource for practitioners and scholars in the field. Each edition compiles excerpts from documents such as treaties, diplomatic notes and correspondence, legal opinion letters, judicial decisions, Senate committee reports and press releases. Each document is selected by members of the Legal Adviser's Office of the U.S. Department of State, based on their judgments about the significance of the issues, their potential relevance to future situations, and their likely interest to scholars and practitioners. In almost every case, the commentary to each excerpt is accompanied by a citation to the full text. Featured in the 2009 Digest are excerpts from and discussion of numerous documents relating to issues of current interest, including the following: * Final Rule issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services eliminating ban on people with HIV from entering the United States, 74 Fed. Reg. 56,547 (Nov. 2, 2009) (Chapter 1, Nationality, Citizenship, and Immigration) * U.S. federal court decisions involving First Amendment challenges to district court decisions upholding denials of visas to individuals accused of having contributed funds to terrorist organizations (e.g., the Second Circuit vacated and remanded a district court's decision upholding the denial of a visa to Muslim scholar Tariq Ramadan (American Academy v. Napolitano, 573 F.3d 115 (2d Cir. 2009)) (Chapter 1, Nationality, Citizenship, and Immigration) * U.S. motion to dismiss petition for a writ of habeas corpus filed by a Mexican national who claimed that he would be tortured if extradited to Mexico to face homicide charges (Saldana v. United States, No. 2:09-cv-02786-JPM-cgc (W.D. Tenn. 2009)) (Chapter 3, International Criminal Law) * Eleventh Circuit affirmation of district court's 2008 decision denying writ of habeas corpus to former Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega to prevent his extradition to France (Noriega v. Pastrana, 564 F.3d 1290 (11th Cir. 2009)) (Chapter 3, International Criminal Law) * U.S. grant of two petitions for certiorari in a case challenging constitutionality of the provisions of the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, Pub. L. No. 104-132, 110 Stat. 1214, that make it a criminal offense for any person within the United States or subject to U.S. jurisdiction "knowingly" to provide "material support or resources" to a designated foreign terrorist organization ("FTO") (Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project, 130 S. Ct. 534 (2009); Humanitarian Law Project v. Holder, 130 S. Ct. 534 (2009)) (Chapter 3, International Criminal Law) * Statement of Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton about the "Human Rights Agenda for the 21st Century" (Georgetown University, December 14, 2009) (Chapter 6, Human Rights) * U.S. statements to the UN Human Rights Council relating to the Gaza conflict and the report of the UN Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict (the "Goldstone Report") (Chapter 6, Human Rights) * Statement of President Barack H. Obama and memorandum to the Secretary of State and the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development on the rescission of the "Mexico City Policy," which had directed USAID to withhold USAID funds from any nongovernmental organization using non-USAID funds to engage in activities relating to abortion (Chapter 6, Human Rights) * Letter of Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton to Senator Jeanne Shaheen outlining U.S. initiatives to end the use of rape and sexual violence in conflict zones, particularly in Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, accompanied by the proposed "Strategic Plan for Combating Violence Against Women in Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)," and Statement of Secretary of State Clinton to the UN Security Council regarding U.S.-led Resolution concerning sexual violence in situations of armed conflict (Chapter 6, Human Rights) * Statement of Ambassador Susan Rice, U.S. Permanent Representative to the United Nations, and White House Senior Advisor Valerie Jarrett on the views of the U.S. towards the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (signed by the U.S. on July 30, 2009) (Chapter 6, Human Rights) * Statement of Harold Hongju Koh, Department of State Legal Adviser, to the International Court of Justice, discussing whether the "unilateral declaration of independence by the Provisional Institutions of Self-Government of Kosovo [is] in accordance with international law" (Chapter 9, Diplomatic Relations, Succession, and Continuity of States) * U.S. federal court decisions relating to actions brought under sovereign states under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act, including actions against the Holy See, the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Chapter 10, Foreign Sovereign Immunity) * Diplomatic note indicating change in policy of the Department of State to extend the "definition of 'family' forming part of the household of a diplomatic agent [to] include same-sex domestic partners ('domestic partners') for purposes of the application of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and Vienna Convention on Consular Relations in the United States" (74 Fed. Reg. 36,112 (July 22, 2009)) (Chapter 10, Foreign Sovereign Immunity) * The Office of the U.S. Trade Representative's 2009 Special 301 Report to identify those foreign countries that deny adequate and effective protection of intellectual property rights or deny fair and equitable market access to U.S. persons that rely upon intellectual property protection (Chapter 11, Trade, Commercial Relations, Investment, and Transportation) * Statement of the Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia ("CGPCS"), hosted by the United States at UN Headquarters in New York (Chapter 12, Territorial Regimes and Related Issues) * President Barack H. Obama's December 18, 2009, press briefing relating to the "Copenhagen Accord," reached by the major world economies at the Fifteenth Session of the Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (Chapter 13, Environment and Other Transnational Scientific Issues) * Testimony of Keith Loken, Assistant Legal Adviser for Private International Law, Department of State, in support of the Hague Convention on the International Recovery of Child Support and Other Forms of Family Maintenance (which was signed by the United States but awaits Senate approval) (Chapter 15, Private International Law) * Various documents relating to the U.S. position on the imposition or retention of sanctions against or the curtailment of assistance to countries including the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Iran, Eritrea, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, Burma, Madagascar, and Honduras (Chapter 16, Sanctions) * Memorandum of President Barack H. Obama to the Secretaries of State, Treasury, and Commerce instructing them to take certain actions to implement a new policy to promote democracy and human rights in Cuba, including "facilitating greater contact between separated family members in the United States and Cuba and increasing the flow of remittances and information to the Cuban people" (Chapter 16, Sanctions) * U.S. positions on the peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the resolution of the North-South conflict in Sudan, as well as U.S. positions on peacekeeping in Georgia, Kosovo, Lebanon, and Somalia (Chapter 17, International Conflict Resolution and Avoidance) * Excerpts from Executive Order 13491, "Ensuring Lawful Interrogations," 74 Fed. Reg. 4893 (Jan. 27, 2009), which was intended "to improve the effectiveness of human intelligence-gathering, to promote the safe, lawful, and humane treatment of individuals in United States custody and of United States personnel who are detained in armed conflicts, to ensure compliance with the treaty obligations of the United States, including the Geneva Conventions, and to take care that the laws of the United States are faithfully executed" (Chapter 18, Use of Force, Arms Control and Disarmament, and Nonproliferation) * Excerpts from Executive Order 13492, "Review and Disposition of Individuals Detained At the Guantánamo Bay Naval Base and Closure of Detention Facilities," 74 Fed. Reg. 4897 (Jan. 27, 2009) (Chapter 18, Use of Force, Arms Control and Disarmament, and Nonproliferation) * Other U.S. positions relating to treatment of detainees upon release, as well as U.S. federal court decisions relating to habeas litigation involving current detainees held at Guantanamo and in Afghanistan and civil suits involving former Guantanamo detainees (Chapter 18, Use of Force, Arms Control and Disarmament, and Nonproliferation)
Author: Chris Downes
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3319043730
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 271
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Book Description
This book brings a fresh perspective on the emerging field of international food law with the first detailed analysis of the process and implications of domestic compliance with the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement. It investigates the influence of WTO disciplines on the domestic policy-making process and examines the extent to which international trade law determines European Union (EU) food regulations. Following controversial WTO rulings on genetically-modified foods and growth hormones in beef, awareness and criticism of global rules governing food has grown considerably. Yet the real impact of this international legal meta-framework on domestic regulations has remained obscure to practitioners and largely unexplored by legal commentators. This book examines the emergence of transnational governance practices set in motion by the SPS Agreement and their role in facilitating agricultural trade. In so doing, it complements and challenges conventional accounts of the SPS regime dominated by analysis of WTO disputes. It reviews legal commentary of the SPS Agreement to understand why WTO rules are so commonly characterised as a significant threat to domestic food policy preferences. It then takes on these assumptions through an in-depth review of food policies and decision-making practices in the EU, revealing both the potential and limits of WTO law to shape EU policies. It finally examines two important venues for the generation of global food norms – the WTO SPS Committee and Codex Alimentarius – to evaluate the practice and significance of transnational governance in this domain. Through detailed case studies including novel foods, food additives, vitamin and mineral supplements and transparency and equivalence procedures, this book provides a richer account of compliance and exposes the subtle, but important influence of WTO obligations.
Author: Sivan Shlomo Agon
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 019109336X
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 484
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Book Description
Is the World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement system (DSS) effective? How exactly is the effectiveness of this adjudicative system to be defined and measured? Is its effectiveness all about compliance? If not, what goals, beyond compliance, is the WTO DSS expected to achieve? Has it fulfilled these objectives so far, and how can their achievement and the system's effectiveness be enhanced in the future? Building on a theoretical model derived from the social sciences, this book lays down the analytical framework required to answer these questions, while crafting a revealing insider's account of the WTO DSS-one of the most important and debated sites of the evolving international judiciary. Drawing on interviews with WTO adjudicators, WTO Secretariat staff, ambassadors, trade delegates, and trade lawyers, the book offers an elaborate analysis of the various goals steering the DSS's work, the diverse roles it plays, the challenges it confronts, and the outcomes it produces. Through this insider look at the WTO DSS and detailed examination of landmark trade disputes, the book uncovers the oft-hidden dynamics of WTO adjudication and provides fresh perspective on the DSS's operation and the undercurrents affecting its effectiveness. Given the pivotal role the WTO DSS has assumed in the multilateral trading regime since its inception in 1995 and the systemic pressures it has recently come to face, this book makes an important contribution towards understanding and measuring the benefits (as well as the costs) this adjudicative body generates, while providing valuable insights into current debates on its reform.
Author: Charan Devereaux
Publisher: Peterson Institute
ISBN: 0881323632
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 443
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Book Description
Between 1992 and 2000, US exports rose by 55 percent. By the year 2000, trade summed to 26 percent of US GDP, and the United States imported almost two-thirds of its oil and was the world's largest host country for foreign investors. America's interest in a more open and prosperous foreign market is now squarely economic. These case studies in multilateral trade policymaking and dispute settlement explore the changing substance of trade agreements and also delve into the negotiation process--the who, how, and why of decision making. These books present a coherent description of the facts that will allow for discussion and independent conclusions about policies, politics, and processes. Volume 2 presents five cases on trade negotiations that have had important effects on trade policy rulemaking, as well as an analytic framework for evaluating these negotiations.
