The U.S. Coal Industry, 1970-1990 PDF Download
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Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: U.S. Dept. of Energy. Energy Information Administration
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Category : Coal mines and mining
Languages : en
Pages : 105
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 0788102311
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 625
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Provides a comprehensive overview of the U.S. coal industry over 20 years, with emphasis on the major changes that occurred, their causes, and their effects. Presents and analyzes data in terms of trends in production, consumption, distribution, and prices. Profitability of major energy companies' coal operations is also tracked. Over 100 charts, tables, graphs and photos.
Author: Gordon Press Publishers
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780849065040
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Congressional Research Service
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781976513442
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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The Trump Administration has taken several actions intended to help revive the U.S. coal industry. Within its first two months, the Administration rolled back or began reversing several coal-related regulations finalized under the Obama Administration. This effort was undertaken as three of the largest coal producers continued recovery from Chapter 11 bankruptcy, and occurred in the context of higher coal prices (making coal production possibly more profitable), lower inventories, and higher natural gas prices-factors that could lead to coal being more competitive as a fuel source for electricity generation. Coal will likely remain an essential component of the U.S. energy supply, but how big will its footprint be? U.S. coal production had been strong since the 1990s (above or near 1 billion short tons per year until 2014), and reached its highest level of production in 2008 (1.17 billion short tons). But it declined precipitously in 2015 and 2016. The Energy Information Administration's (EIA's) current data and short-term projections show coal production remaining under 800 million short tons in 2017 and 2018. Long-term EIA projections show that coal production is likely to fall below 600 million short tons per year, assuming implementation of the Obama Administration's Clean Power Plan (CPP). Without CPP, coal production is expected to remain relatively flat, at around 800-900 million short tons per year through 2050. As a result of societal concerns, among them the desire for cleaner air, coal consumption may have peaked. But in either case (declining or flat demand), coal is a smaller share of the total U.S. energy pie. Power generation is the primary market for coal, accounting for about 93% of total consumption. With the retirement of many coal-fired power plants and the building of new gas-fired plants, accompanied by lower electricity demand, there has been a structural shift in demand for U.S. coal-one that may lead to reduced capacity over the long term for coal-fired electricity generation. In 2016, natural gas overtook coal as the top energy source for power generation. Also, the strength of renewables for electricity generation should not be discounted, as EIA projects annual growth at a rate of 2.6% through 2050. Thus, coal would very likely remain a smaller portion of total U.S. energy consumption for years to come, particularly as energy used for power generation. The trend in coal mining has been to improve labor productivity, or to make production more efficient, with the use of technology. There were sharp increases in labor productivity (more coal per man-hour) in the 1980s and 1990s, as labor productivity more than doubled from 1985 to 2000, particularly at coal mines in the West. There is no indication that the coal industry will see a reversal of these production trends, even if there are some short-term gains in employment. The coal industry is highly concentrated in the United States, with just a handful of major producers, operating primarily in four states (Wyoming, West Virginia, Kentucky, and Illinois). In 2015, the top five coal mining companies were responsible for about 57% of U.S. coal production, led by Peabody Energy Corp. with 19.6% and Arch Coal Inc. with 14.6%. The coal majors made numerous acquisitions in 2011 during a period of increasing global demand but of slowing domestic demand, weak coal prices, and more competitive natural gas supplies. The debt load and coal overproduction during this period was not sustainable and led to the bankruptcy of many coal firms. Three of the top five coal producers filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection beginning in August 2015 (Alpha in August 2015, Arch Coal in February 2016, and Peabody in April 2016). Other major producers such as Patriot Coal, Walter Energy, and James River Coal have filed for bankruptcy as well. Over 50 coal producers have filed for bankruptcy in the past two years, with total of $19.3 billion in debt being reorganized.
Author: Albina Tretyakova
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Coal trade
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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Author: Edward Barnes Leisenring (Jr.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Coal mines and mining
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Author: Richard L. Revesz
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190233117
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 233
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Since the beginning of the Obama Administration, conservative politicians have railed against the President's "War on Coal." As evidence of this supposed siege, they point to a series of rules issued by the Environmental Protection Agency that aim to slash air pollution from the nation's power sector . Because coal produces far more pollution than any other major energy source, these rules are expected to further reduce its already shrinking share of the electricity market in favor of cleaner options like natural gas and solar power. But the EPA's policies are hardly the "unprecedented regulatory assault " that opponents make them out to be. Instead, they are merely the latest chapter in a multi-decade struggle to overcome a tragic flaw in our nation's most important environmental law. In 1970, Congress passed the Clean Air Act, which had the remarkably ambitious goal of eliminating essentially all air pollution that posed a threat to public health or welfare. But there was a problem: for some of the most common pollutants, Congress empowered the EPA to set emission limits only for newly constructed industrial facilities, most notably power plants. Existing plants, by contrast, would be largely exempt from direct federal regulation-a regulatory practice known as "grandfathering." What lawmakers didn't anticipate was that imposing costly requirements on new plants while giving existing ones a pass would simply encourage those old plants to stay in business much longer than originally planned. Since 1970, the core problems of U.S. environmental policy have flowed inexorably from the smokestacks of these coal-fired clunkers, which continue to pollute at far higher rates than their younger peers. In Struggling for Air, Richard L. Revesz and Jack Lienke chronicle the political compromises that gave rise to grandfathering, its deadly consequences, and the repeated attempts-by presidential administrations of both parties-to make things right.
Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1428952152
Category : Coal mines and mining
Languages : en
Pages : 71
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