The Role of Sugar Cane in Brazil's History and Economy PDF Download
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Author: Plinio Mario Nastari
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alcohol industry
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
Author: Plinio Mario Nastari
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alcohol industry
Languages : en
Pages : 344
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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Book Description
The popular expression goes: "Brazil is the country of the future and always will be." Yet Southeast Brazil, consisting of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo, is already the future. This raises the question why did the region industrialize first and faster than the rest of the country? This paper analyzes the role of factor endowments and institutions on economic development in Brazil since its colonial period. I provide evidence that the land and labor endowments in the Southeast region led to the development of coffee cultures, which initiated an economic cycle (1830-1930) that altered the region's institutional structure, and thus its economic potential in the long run. In contrast, the large tropical Northeast region, where sugar cane slave plantations dominated its extensive coastline and nearby interior, poor economic and political institutions established during the sugar cane cycle (1550-1760) severely limited growth prospects in the region. Differing initial endowment conditions, through the institutional channel, led the Southeast to industrialize in the first half of the twentieth century, while the Northeast stagnated. Today southeastern states perform significantly better than their northeastern counterparts, where income inequality remains high. In 2009, approximately forty percent of the northeastern population lived below the poverty line, whereas the Southeast numbers are close to one tenth. The legacy of the slave plantations left a negative and persistent impact in the Northeast, while the southeastern states industrialized and became wealthy within decades of the end of the coffee cycle. The sugar cane economy declined particularly because the status quo limited the development of new agricultural technologies, which made Brazilian sugar non-competitive in the world market when the Dutch began their own large scale production in the Dutch Antilles. Coffee, however, remained an important economic activity after 1930, even though increasing industrial output diminished coffee's share in Brazilian GDP. Coffee propelled the Southeast into the future. The coffee cycle was also crucial to the process of institutional change because private entrepreneurs were the drivers of growth for the first time in Brazilian economic history. The state became a secondary player in the economy. A competitive political structure forced the old system to redirect government revenues to the provision of public goods and away from rent-extracting activities. At the regional level, old time northeastern leadership remained powerful, but a less centralized federal government formalized by the 1891 Constitution gave more influence to southeastern politicians. The new constitution virtually removed the national status quo previously imposed by northeastern control. The country's president almost always came or had strong ties to southeastern leadership. The southeastern states promoted legal and economic institutions that protected property rights, limited the scope of government taxation and directed state revenues to infrastructure and capital-creating projects. Coffee barons and early industrialists competed for political power, which resulted in the institutional structure that allowed the Southeast to outperform the rest of the country throughout the twentieth century. In this paper, I draw on the relationship between initial factor endowments and institutions, proposed by Stanley Engerman and Kenneth Sokoloff (1994), and Douglass North's (1990) theory of path dependence to explain today's regional economic differences within Brazil. Using historical evidence and instrumental variable estimation, I find that southeastern initial endowments affected the region's economic development through the institutional channel, and that coffee states perform considerably better today than those affected by the sugar cane cycle.
Author: Felix Kaup
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319165836
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
This book offers an in-depth analysis of the Brazilian sugarcane complex with a special focus on technological advances that promote sustainable development. It first examines the question why sugarcane-based ethanol from Brazil is considered a superior alternative to fossil fuel compared to other biofuels produced on an industrial scale and subsequently analyzes the most dynamic areas within the sugarcane sector with regard to relevant actors, technologies and markets in order to determine if the sector can be considered an innovation system. The empirical research presented here is based on multiple research methods and derives its data from interviews with Brazilian experts of the sugarcane sector and by a thorough literature review. The book will be of special interest to researchers and practitioners interested in understanding the key mechanisms in successful innovation systems that promote a transition towards sustainable development and mobility.
Author: Stuart B. Schwartz
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521313995
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 644
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Book Description
Colonial Brazil was a multiracial society, profoundly influenced by slavery and the plantation system. This study examines the history of the sugar economy and the peculiar development of plantation society over a three hundred year period in Bahia, a major sugar-plantation zone and an important terminus of the Atlantic slave trade.
Author: Márcia Azanha Ferraz Dias de Moraes
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3319031406
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 225
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Book Description
The success of Brazil in the large-scale production and use of fuel ethanol has been widely discussed and analyzed by other countries interested in adopting policies designed to encourage the use of biofuels. Within this context, certain questions arise: Could the Brazilian experience be replicated in other countries? What were the conditions that enabled the creation of the Brazilian Proálcool (National Ethanol Program and what lessons can be learned? To examine these issues, it is important to understand the functioning of the key, interconnected markets (those for sugarcane, sugar and ethanol), which, from their inception, were the objects of extensive government intervention until 1999. Two main conditions enabled the creation of Proálcool: robust production of sugarcane and sugar (tightly regulated by the government, which applied the numerous regulations then in place); and the military regime that was in place at the time, whose decision-making and enforcement powers were quite broad, facilitating the carrying out of the necessary actions, as well as making it easier to coordinate the activities of the various stakeholders and sectors involved. This book increases understanding of the functioning of the sugarcane supply chain in Brazil, not only during the phase of government intervention but also in recent years (in the free-market environment). The lessons, positive and negative, gleaned from the Brazilian experience can contribute to reflection on and the development of alternative modalities of biofuel production in other countries, making the book of interest to scholars and policy-makers concerned with biofuel and renewable resources as well as economic development.
Author: Annelies Deuss
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Since 2001, Brazil has experienced a sharp increase in sugarcane production due to the upsurge in demand for sugar and ethanol, two products derived from sugarcane. While the increase in sugarcane production has led to income and employment opportunities in the sugar and ethanol sector, the benefits of sugarcane expansion could vary significantly by the region where sugarcane is cultivated. This dissertation consists of three studies that examine the economic impacts of the recent sugarcane expansion in Brazil. Whereas previous studies only show associations between sugarcane expansion and economic indicators, this research establishes a causal relationship using estimators based on the propensity score. The propensity score is defined in this research as the probability that a municipality expands sugarcane production, given a set of observable characteristics. One of these characteristics is the suitability of a municipality to grow sugarcane. Data on suitability of land were recently published at the national level. The first study analyzes whether municipalities in Sao Paulo state that expanded sugarcane production between 2002 and 2006 as a result experienced higher economic growth. The results indicate that there is no statistically significant impact of sugarcane expansion on GDP per capita growth. The second study examines the economic growth impacts of the increased sugarcane production in the different sugarcane producing regions in Brazil. The findings show that sugarcane expansion led to GDP per capita growth in three regions: in Brazil as a whole, in the North-Northeast and in the Center-South excluding Sao Paulo. In addition, it is demonstrated that this latter region could benefit from future sugarcane expansions. The final study investigates the underlying reasons for the findings in the first study. It examines the impact of sugarcane expansion in Sao Paulo state on growth in GDP per capita, in employment and in wages in the different sectors of the economy. The results suggest that sugarcane expansion has positive impacts on local economies in Sao Paulo state. Further research with updated data is needed to establish whether the positive influences at sector level affected total GDP data in lagged terms.
Author: Marcelo D'Salete
Publisher: Fantagraphics Books
ISBN: 1683961919
Category : Black people
Languages : en
Pages : 430
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Book Description
An independent kingdom of runaway slaves founded in the late 16th century, Angola Janga was a beacon of freedom in a land plagued with oppression. In stark black ink and chiaroscuro panel compositions, D’Salete brings history to life; the painful stories of fugitive slaves on the run, the brutal raids by Portuguese colonists, and the tense power struggles within this precarious kingdom. At turns heartbreaking and empowering, Angola Janga sheds light on a long-overlooked moment of resistance against oppression.
Author: Maria Backhouse
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030689441
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 339
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Book Description
This open access book focuses on the meanings, agendas, as well as the local and global implications of bioeconomy and bioenergy policies in and across South America, Asia and Europe. It explores how a transition away from a fossil and towards a bio-based economic order alters, reinforces and challenges socio-ecological inequalities. The volume presents a historically informed and empirically rich discussion of bioeconomy developments with a particular focus on bio-based energy. A series of conceptual discussions and case studies with a multidisciplinary background in the social sciences illuminate how the deployment of biomass sources from the agricultural and forestry sectors affect societal changes concerning knowledge production, land and labour relations, political participation and international trade. How can a global perspective on socio-ecological inequalities contribute to a complex and critical understanding of bioeconomy? Who participates in the negotiation of specific bioeconomy policies and who does not? Who determines the agenda? To what extent does the bioeconomy affect existing socio-ecological inequalities in rural areas? What are the implications of the bioeconomy for existing relations of extraction and inequalities across regions? The volume is an invitation to reflect upon these questions and more, at a time when the need for an ecological and socially just transition away from a carbon intensive economy is becoming increasingly pressing.
Author: Yoshihiko Sugai
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 1042
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Book Description
Introduction; Geography of Brazil; A brief history of agriculture of Brazil; A brief history of agriculture in the State of Sao Paulo; Economy of Sao Paulo in relation to the national economy; Position of Sao Paulo's Agricultural Economy; Position of the Agricultural sector in Sao Paulo's economy; Problem setting; Tendencies of labor forces in Agriculture under economic development; State of Sao Paulo- Labor Force; Review of Literature, dynamic linear programming; Objectives; Historical, Agronomic, and Data Collection Factors; Brief history of Sugarcane in Brazil and geographical distribution of its production including the State of Sao Paulo; Agronomic description of sugarcane operation; Sample, sampling technique, organization of questionnaire, and collection of data; Model; Time dimension; Dynamic linear programming; Choice of the representative farm considering the input-output coefficients; Application of model to the presente studies; Quota system policy introduction into dynamic linear programming; Activity construction; Aggregation procedure; Computation; Results and analyses; Standard results and analyses; Quota system results and analyses; Aggregation.
Author: Fernando Santos
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128142375
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
Sugarcane Biorefinery, Technology and Perspectives provides the reader with a current view of the global scenario of sugarcane biorefinery, launching a new expectation on this important crop from a chemical, energy and sustainability point-of-view. The book explores the existing biorefinery platforms that can be used to convert sugarcane to new high value added products. It also addresses one of today's most controversial issues involving energy cane, in addition to the dilemma "sugar cane vs. food vs. the environment", adding even more value in a culture that is already a symbol of case study around the world. Focusing on the chemical composition of sugarcane, and the production and processes that optimize it for either agricultural or energy use, the book is designed to provide practical insights for current application and inspire the further exploration of options for balancing food and fuel demands. Presents the productive chain of sugarcane and its implications on food production and the environment Includes discussions on the evolution of the sustainable development of the sugar-energy sector Contextualizes and premises for the technological road mapping of energy-cane Provides information on new technologies in the sugar-energy sector
