The Role of Polycomb Group Ring Finger 1 in Dental Pulp Stem Cell Differentiation PDF Download
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Author: Kareena Kevork
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
DPSCs, also known as, dental pulp stem cells, were the first human dental mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to be identified from pulp tissues. DPSCs and their classification as mesenchymal stem cells is an attractive target for clinical applications in dentistry. DPSCs have been shown to differentiate into odontoblasts/osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. While studying a rare genetic disorder, Fan et al was able to uncover BCOR, a complex in which mutation could have intrinsic effect on the function of MSCs from the root apical papilla. One of the members of the BCOR complex is polycomb group ring finger 1 (PCGF1). PCGF1 is also a member of the polycomb group repressive complex 1 (PRC1). Due to its membership in repressive complexes, BCOR and PRC1, and its role in development, in this study we decided to investigate the role of PCGF1 in DPSC odontogenic differentiation. In order to evaluate the role of PCGF1 in DPSCs, we used small interfering RNA to silence the PCGF1 gene and observe the changes in our DPSC population. We found that after PCGF1 knockdown and treatment with odontogenic/osteogenic inducing media, mineralized nodule formation and odontogenic potential decreased, suggesting that PCGF1 plays a role in the odontogenic lineage commitment of DPSCs. We also found that mechanistically, PCGF1 blocks inhibition of developmental genes MSX1/MSX2 and DLX2/DLX5 in order to facilitate the odontogenic lineage commitment of DPSCs. Taken together, this study might shed light on the potential therapeutic implications of exploiting this pathway in DPSCs.
Author: Kareena Kevork
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
DPSCs, also known as, dental pulp stem cells, were the first human dental mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to be identified from pulp tissues. DPSCs and their classification as mesenchymal stem cells is an attractive target for clinical applications in dentistry. DPSCs have been shown to differentiate into odontoblasts/osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. While studying a rare genetic disorder, Fan et al was able to uncover BCOR, a complex in which mutation could have intrinsic effect on the function of MSCs from the root apical papilla. One of the members of the BCOR complex is polycomb group ring finger 1 (PCGF1). PCGF1 is also a member of the polycomb group repressive complex 1 (PRC1). Due to its membership in repressive complexes, BCOR and PRC1, and its role in development, in this study we decided to investigate the role of PCGF1 in DPSC odontogenic differentiation. In order to evaluate the role of PCGF1 in DPSCs, we used small interfering RNA to silence the PCGF1 gene and observe the changes in our DPSC population. We found that after PCGF1 knockdown and treatment with odontogenic/osteogenic inducing media, mineralized nodule formation and odontogenic potential decreased, suggesting that PCGF1 plays a role in the odontogenic lineage commitment of DPSCs. We also found that mechanistically, PCGF1 blocks inhibition of developmental genes MSX1/MSX2 and DLX2/DLX5 in order to facilitate the odontogenic lineage commitment of DPSCs. Taken together, this study might shed light on the potential therapeutic implications of exploiting this pathway in DPSCs.
Author: Alexander Birbrair
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0323900607
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 438
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Book Description
The series Advances in Stem Cell Biology is a timely and expansive collection of comprehensive information and new discoveries in the field of stem cell biology.Molecular Players in iPSC Technology, Volume 12 addresses the molecular players underlying induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) generation, maintenance, expansion, and differentiation. The discovery of iPSCs revolutionized biomedical research. iPSC technology involves multiple molecular mechanisms. This volume covers exosomal microRNAs, auxiliary pluripotency-associated genes, inducible caspase-9 suicide gene, cell cycle proteins, ion channels, Notch signaling, kinase signaling, SOCS3/JAK2/STAT3 pathway, NANOG, Krüppel-like factors, H1FOO, and much more in iPSCs. The volume is written for researchers and scientists in stem cell therapy, cellular and molecular biology, and regenerative medicine and is contributed by world-renowned authors in the field. Provides overview of the fast-moving field of iPSC technology, regenerative medicine, and therapeutics Covers the different key molecular players involved in iPSC formation, maintenance, expansion, and differentiation Is contributed by world-renowned experts in the field
Author: Babak Arjmand
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030277275
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 199
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Book Description
This book provides thorough coverage of high-throughput OMICs technologies for the monitoring of stem cells and regenerative medicine. Specific topics covered include the genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics aspects of regenerative medicine, metabolic profiling of mesenchymal stem cells, genome profiling of mesenchymal stem cells, OMICs monitoring of stem cell-derived exosomes, stem cell proteomics, lipidomics, OMICs profiling of cancer (stem) cells, and finally ethical considerations of OMICs-based investigations. Chapters are authored by world-renowned scientists who have valuable expertise in the field of OMICs and regenerative medicine. Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics: Stem Cells Monitoring in Regenerative Medicine, part of Springer’s Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine series, is essential reading for researchers, clinicians, biologists, biochemists, and pharmaceutical experts conducting research in the fields of stem cell biology, molecular aspects of stem cell research, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, cellular therapy, OMICs, bioinformatics, and ethics.
Author: Hassan Marzban
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319597493
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 502
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Book Description
The authors present the most current and cutting-edge knowledge regarding the molecular basis of cerebellar development, focusing on information relevant to laboratory scientists and clinicians providing service to patients with cerebellar disorders. Knowledge obtained from advanced neuroimaging techniques that are used during development, and from molecular- and genetic-based studies has provided rapidly-growing evidence that the cerebellum is a brain region that is highly impacted by developmental defects. Cerebellar defects result in significant intellectual and motor function impairment that affects both the patients and their families.
Author: C. Neal Stewart, Jr.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118589483
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 554
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Book Description
Designed to inform and inspire the next generation of plant biotechnologists Plant Biotechnology and Genetics explores contemporary techniques and applications of plant biotechnology, illustrating the tremendous potential this technology has to change our world by improving the food supply. As an introductory text, its focus is on basic science and processes. It guides students from plant biology and genetics to breeding to principles and applications of plant biotechnology. Next, the text examines the critical issues of patents and intellectual property and then tackles the many controversies and consumer concerns over transgenic plants. The final chapter of the book provides an expert forecast of the future of plant biotechnology. Each chapter has been written by one or more leading practitioners in the field and then carefully edited to ensure thoroughness and consistency. The chapters are organized so that each one progressively builds upon the previous chapters. Questions set forth in each chapter help students deepen their understanding and facilitate classroom discussions. Inspirational autobiographical essays, written by pioneers and eminent scientists in the field today, are interspersed throughout the text. Authors explain how they became involved in the field and offer a personal perspective on their contributions and the future of the field. The text's accompanying CD-ROM offers full-color figures that can be used in classroom presentations with other teaching aids available online. This text is recommended for junior- and senior-level courses in plant biotechnology or plant genetics and for courses devoted to special topics at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also an ideal reference for practitioners.
Author: AnnMarie Kocher
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1607616165
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 318
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Book Description
Nitrite and Nitrate in Human Health and Disease delivers a comprehensive review of nitrite and nitrate biology, from basic biochemistry to the complex physiology and metabolism of these two naturally occurring molecules in the human body. Well-organized and well referenced chapters cover the rich history of nitrite and nitrate, sources of exposure, and the physiological effects when consumed through foods containing nitrite and nitrate. The chapters are written by leading experts, all of whom share their research and perspectives in order to help define the context for benefits vs. any potential risks associated with nitrite and nitrate use, either through dietary ingestion or therapeutic dosing. This diverse collection of authors includes vascular biologists, physiologists, physicians, epidemiologists, cancer biologists, registered dieticians, chemists, and public health experts from five countries in both academia and government. Nitrite and Nitrate in Human Health and Disease provides a balanced view of nitric oxide biochemistry, and nitrite and nitrate biochemistry in physiology and in the food sciences.
Author: Klaus J. Busam
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323508685
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 608
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Book Description
Constituting a large percentage of everyday diagnostic practice, melanocytic pathology is a complex and challenging area with many difficult-to-diagnose lesions. This highly illustrated reference, written by three of the world’s leading dermatopathologists, provides authoritative guidance in the accurate diagnosis of even the most challenging pigmented skin tumors, helping you avoid pitfalls and recognize mimics. Covers nearly every variant of melanocytic tumors you’re likely to see. Emphasizes how to arrive at an efficient, accurate diagnosis, and includes dermoscopic findings for optimal diagnostic precision. Discusses modern analytic techniques (cytogenetics, molecular studies) and how to use them for diagnosis. Includes numerous case examples to illustrate the differential diagnoses and work-up; how to use ancillary techniques, along with their pros, cons, and limitations; and clinical follow-up. Presents the knowledge and experience of Klaus Busam, Pedram Gerami, and Richard Scolyer, – three dermatopathologists who are globally renowned for their expertise in melanoma pathology and analysis of melanocytic tumors by modern ancillary diagnostic techniques.
Author: Jayprokas Chakrabarti
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128134372
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 578
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Book Description
Cancer and Noncoding RNAs offers an in-depth exploration of noncoding RNAs and their role in epigenetic regulation of complex human disease, most notably cancer. In addition to examining microRNAs, this volume provides a unique evaluation of more recently profiled noncoding RNAs now implicated in carcinogenesis, including lncRNAs, piRNAs, circRNAs, and tRNAs, identifying differences in function between these noncoding RNAs and how they interact with the rest of the epigenome. A broad range of chapters from experts in the field detail epigenetic regulation of various cancer types, along with recent next generation sequencing technologies, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and bioinformatics approaches. This book will help researchers in genomic medicine and cancer biology better understand the role of noncoding RNAs in epigenetics, aiding in the development of useful biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and new RNA-based disease therapies. Provides a comprehensive analysis of noncoding RNAs implicated in epigenetic regulation of gene expression and chromatin dynamics Educates researchers and graduate students by highlighting, in addition to miRNAs, a range of noncoding RNAs newly associated with carcinogenesis Applies current knowledge of noncoding RNAs and epigenomics towards developing cancer and RNA-based disease therapies Features contributions by leading experts in the field
Author: Dario Cantu
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030186016
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 367
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Book Description
This book describes the current state of international grape genomics, with a focus on the latest findings, tools and strategies employed in genome sequencing and analysis, and genetic mapping of important agronomic traits. It also discusses how these are having a direct impact on outcomes for grape breeders and the international grape research community. While V. vinifera is a model species, it is not always appreciated that its cultivation usually requires the use of other Vitis species as rootstocks. The book discusses genetic diversity within the Vitis genus, the available genetic resources for breeding, and the available genomic resources for other Vitis species. Grapes (Vitis vinifera spp. vinifera) have been a source of food and wine since their domestication from their wild progenitor (Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris) around 8,000 years ago, and they are now the world’s most valuable horticultural crop. In addition to being economically important, V. vinifera is also a model organism for the study of perennial fruit crops for two reasons: Firstly, its ability to be transformed and micropropagated via somatic embryogenesis, and secondly its relatively small genome size of 500 Mb. The economic importance of grapes made V. vinifera an obvious early candidate for genomic sequencing, and accordingly, two draft genomes were reported in 2007. Remarkably, these were the first genomes of any fruiting crop to be sequenced and only the fourth for flowering plants. Although riddled with gaps and potentially omitting large regions of repetitive sequences, the two genomes have provided valuable insights into grape genomes. Cited in over 2,000 articles, the genome has served as a reference in more than 3,000 genome-wide transcriptional analyses. Further, recent advances in DNA sequencing and bioinformatics are enabling the assembly of reference-grade genome references for more grape genotypes revealing the exceptional extent of structural variation in the species.
Author: Cheryl M. Coffin
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 464
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Book Description
