The Role of Intrinsic Ribosome Dynamics in the Regulation of Protein Synthesis PDF Download
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Author: James B. Munro
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 548
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Book Description
Author: James B. Munro
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 548
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780815332183
Category : Cells
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Marina V. Rodnina
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3709102154
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 428
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Book Description
The ribosome is a macromolecular machine that synthesizes proteins with a high degree of speed and accuracy. Our present understanding of its structure, function and dynamics is the result of six decades of research. This book collects over 40 articles based on the talks presented at the 2010 Ribosome Meeting, held in Orvieto, Italy, covering all facets of the structure and function of the ribosome. New high-resolution crystal structures of functional ribosome complexes and cryo-EM structures of translating ribosomes are presented, while partial reactions of translation are examined in structural and mechanistic detail, featuring translocation as a most dynamic process. Mechanisms of initiation, both in bacterial and eukaryotic systems, translation termination, and novel details of the functions of the respective factors are described. Structure and interactions of the nascent peptide within, and emerging from, the ribosomal peptide exit tunnel are addressed in several articles. Structural and single-molecule studies reveal a picture of the ribosome exhibiting the energy landscape of a processive Brownian machine. The collection provides up-to-date reviews which will serve as a source of essential information for years to come.
Author: Wei Ning
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Protein synthesis, one of nature's most fundamental processes within all living cells, is catalyzed by the ribosome, a highly conserved, massive, two-subunit ribonucleoprotein complex. Ribosomes synthesize proteins based on the sequence of triplet-nucleotide codons presented by the messenger RNA (mRNA) template, using aminoacyl-transfer RNAs (aa-tRNAs) substrates, which deliver individual amino acids to the ribosome. Recent biochemical, structural, dynamic and computational studies have uncovered large-scale conformational changes of the ribosome, its tRNA substrates, and translation factors that play important roles in regulating protein synthesis, especially during the elongation phase of translation. For example, translocation of the ribosome along its mRNA template involves several conformational rearrangements of the ribosomal pre-translocation (PRE) complex, including the rotation of two ribosomal subunits, closure of the L1 stalk element, and reconfigurations of the ribosome-bound tRNAs.
Author: Knud H. Nierhaus
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9783527306381
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 608
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Book Description
Knud Nierhaus, who has studied the ribosome for more than 30 years, has assembled here the combined efforts of several scientific disciplines into a uniform picture of the largest enzyme complex found in living cells, finally resolving many decades-old questions in molecular biology. In so doing he considers virtually all aspects of ribosome structure and function -- from the molecular mechanism of different ribosomal ribozyme activities to their selective inhibition by antibiotics, from assembly of the core particle to the regulation of ribosome component synthesis. The result is a premier resource for anyone with an interest in ribosomal protein synthesis, whether in the context of molecular biology, biotechnology, pharmacology or molecular medicine.
Author: Hector Luis Burgos
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
In E. coli, ribosome synthesis is tightly regulated with respect to nutritional conditions to ensure appropriate management of cellular resources during growth. To accomplish this the cell uses ppGpp and DksA to directly regulate transcription of rRNA and most r-protein promoters. In addition, r-proteins are regulated by translational feedback: when r-protein levels exceed the levels of free rRNA, repressor r-proteins bind to their own mRNAs and inhibit synthesis of their operon at the level of translation. Since ppGpp can directly regulate r-protein promoters and indirectly regulate r-protein translation through effects on rRNA synthesis, the focus of my thesis work was to determine the relative contributions of transcriptional control and translational feedback to regulation of r-protein synthesis with respect to nutritional conditions. I designed a chromosomally-encoded reporter system to test regulation of r-protein promoters separately from translational feedback. I found that regulation of r-protein synthesis in response to changes in ppGpp levels during exponential growth and during entry into stationary phase happens primarily through translational feedback. On the other hand, r-protein promoters play a role in regulating r-protein expression during late stationary phase and during outgrowth in response to variations in NTP levels. ppGpp and DksA can both inhibit and activate transcription depending on the promoter. Whereas the role of promoter sequences in inhibition of transcription by DksA and ppGpp have been studied previously, analogous studies of activation have not been performed. I studied the role promoter sequences have in activation of PiraP transcription by DksA and ppGpp. I found that mutations in the -35, -10, and discriminator region of the iraP promoter affect activation of this promoter by DksA and ppGpp, presumably because these mutations affected the intrinsic kinetics of this promoter during transcription initiation. Since previous literature show that ppGpp can regulate lipid metabolism, at both the enzymatic and transcriptional levels, I tested direct regulation by ppGpp and DksA of multiple promoters of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Preliminary results show that some promoters of genes involved in lipid metabolism are indeed regulated directly by ppGpp and DksA. These results show that ppGpp plays a central role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating resource utilization in response to different environmental conditions.
Author: Sabine Müller
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527814531
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 81
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Book Description
Ribozymes Provides comprehensive coverage of a core field in the molecular biosciences, bringing together decades of knowledge from the world’s top professionals in the field Timely and unique in its breadth of content, this all-encompassing and authoritative reference on ribozymes documents the great diversity of nucleic acid-based catalysis. It integrates the knowledge gained over the past 35 years in the field and features contributions from virtually every leading expert on the subject. Ribozymes is organized into six major parts. It starts by describing general principles and strategies of nucleic acid catalysis. It then introduces naturally occurring ribozymes and includes the search for new catalytic motifs or novel genomic locations of known motifs. Next, it covers the development and design of engineered ribozymes, before moving on to DNAzymes as a close relative of ribozymes. The next part examines the use of ribozymes for medicinal and environmental diagnostics, as well as for therapeutic tools. It finishes with a look at the tools and methods in ribozyme research, including the techniques and assays for structural and functional characterization of nucleic acid catalysts. The first reference to tie together all aspects of the multi-faceted field of ribozymes Features more than 30 comprehensive chapters in two volumes Covers the chemical principles of RNA catalysis; naturally occurring ribozymes, engineered ribozymes; DNAzymes; ribozymes as tools in diagnostics and therapy, and tools and methods to study ribozymes Includes first-hand accounts of concepts, techniques, and applications by a team of top international experts from leading academic institutions Dedicates half of its content to methods and practical applications, ranging from bioanalytical tools to medical diagnostics to therapeutics Ribozymes is an unmatched resource for all biochemists, biotechnologists, molecular biologists, and bioengineers interested in the topic.
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080522408
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 516
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Book Description
This volume of Advances in Protein Chemistry provides a broad, yet deep look at the cellular components that assist protein folding in the cell. This area of research is relatively new--10 years ago these components were barely recognized, so this book is a particularly timely compilation of current information. Topics covered include a review of the structure and mechanism of the major chaperone components, prion formation in yeast, and the use of microarrays in studying stress response. Outlines preceding each chapter allow the reader to quickly access the subjects of greatest interest. The information presented in this book should appeal to biochemists, cell biologists, and structural biologists.
Author: Heinz Bielka
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3112729757
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 340
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Book Description
No detailed description available for "The Eukaryotic Ribosome".
Author: Koreaki Ito
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 4431550526
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 313
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Book Description
This book highlights a new paradigm of translation control by regulatory nascent polypeptides, which is integrated into cellular regulatory systems. Translation lies in the hub of the central dogma of biology, in which the genetic information in the forms of 4-letter sentences is translated into 20-letter sentences: sequences of amino acids that constitute proteins, the functional molecules of life. The process involves a huge number of chemical reactions as well as physical movements of the ribosome along a messenger RNA and takes, on average, tens of seconds in prokaryotes and a few minutes in eukaryotes. Detailed knowledge about the progression of translation, called "elongation", only recently started to accumulate. Newly synthesized and growing polypeptides, called nascent polypeptides, can interact with the intra-ribosomal conduit, called the ribosomal exit tunnel, when they have some specific amino acid sequences, called "an arrest sequence". Such interaction leads to a halt in the elongation reaction. Resulting stalling of the ribosome on messenger RNA can affect the secondary structure and/or localization of the message in the cell, consequently leading to biological outputs such as elevation or reduction of a gene product. This book provides a first collection of knowledge focused on regulatory nascent polypeptides, which have been studied recently using diverse organisms including bacteria, plants, and animals. Readers will be impressed by a new paradigm showing that proteins can function even during the course of their biosynthesis and that the ribosome, the "factory" of protein production, interacts with and inspects its products to adjust the speed of completion of each product. Moreover, regulatory nascent polypeptides can sense or monitor physiological states of the cell and modulate its ability to arrest translation. Living organisms use such intricate control mechanisms of translational speed to regulate gene expression. This book will be a useful addition for established scientists while inspiring students and young scientists to gain deeper insights into the processes of expression of genetic information.
